1、四级图画作文,作文四大要素,根据教育部公布的大纲解析，大作文四大要素为描述、寓意、分析、评论。 根据历年考题，首段应是图画描述，不应发表太多议论，否则属于跑题。 图画描述至少应有两句，根据大纲解析，如果图画只字未提，扣三分之一的分数；如果图画只描述一句，属于描述不充分，扣3分。,写作框架：,1）第一段主要是描述图画中的信息和表达的含义。 2）第二段的全文的重点，一般都是要求具体分析图画中暗含的社会现象。 3）第三段的要求一般视具体的试题而定，有的要求给出自己的评论、有的要求举例、有的要求考生提出自己的建议以及针对现象应该采取的措施。 Tips：第二段和第三段的开头最好写一个主题句，既可以防止离
2、题，又符合英文写作的习惯。,议论文框架结构：3段，12句，120180词，35个关联词，35个从句 第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，图画描述，3句 1. 总体描述：人物/动物/事物动作环境 1句 2. 挖掘细节词、串连成句： 1句 3. 文字说明/象征寓意： 1句,第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句 1. 主题句：象征寓意，1句 2. 论证：3句 1）因果论证 2) 影响论证 3) 举例论证 3. 小结：概括论证，总结本段 1句,第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句 1. 结论句：1句 2. 针对双方提建议：2句 3. 包装结尾、展望未来：1句Only in this way can we solve th
3、is problem. It is high time that we solved this problem.,第一段套话如何描述,首段写法,其实，阅卷教师最重视的就是大作文第一段，也是最难写的段落，盲目套用模板、空发议论，容易导致低分。 阅卷教师最希望看到的写法是: 首句总体描述图画，点出人物、动作和环境； 次句挖掘细节词、串连成句，将图中细节一网打尽；（根据情况而定） 末句点出文字说明或象征寓意。可以发表议论，最好不要太多。,描述图画的常用词,有关图画的名词 描述图画的形容词 修饰动词的副词 “寓意”、“字幕”如何翻译？,替换picture的词语,drawing 指用线条或色彩绘成的图画
4、。 cartoon 指幽默或讽刺性漫画。(amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, esp one that comments satirically on current events (报刊上的)漫画；（尤指）时事讽刺画。) portrait 指肖像，只用于指人。 illustration 插画,描述图画的形容词,thought-provoking发人深省的 enlightening 有启迪作用/使人感悟的 compelling/striking/intriguing引人注目/引起兴趣 profound含义深刻 =far-reaching im
5、plications instructive有益的（=informative）（搭配ADV: extremely, highly, most, particularly, quite ） amusing 令人发笑的， ridiculous 荒谬可笑的 illuminating (particularly revealing or helpful) 富有启发性的；很有助益的； impressive 印象深刻的， exaggerative 夸张的,修饰动词的副词：,graphically/ vividly生动地 symbolically象征性地 conspicuously/ clearly / e
6、xplicitly清晰地 subtly巧妙地，精细地,寓意：,moral/ implications/ messagehave a profound implication be pregnant with meaning entertain a thought deeply,字幕:,Caption: words printed with an illustration or a photograph in order to describe or explain it （附於插图、照片上的）说明文字1) We are informed by the caption that “_”. 2)
7、The caption reads/indicates that “_”.,第一句描述图画怎么写？,描述图画时需要遵循以下步骤： 寻找出图画的中心事物，并确定中心事物的位置。 描述中心事物，可以从动作和状态两个方面来描述。 寻找中心事物周围相关的事物，并进行简单的描述。,屌丝版：There is a man who is running on the playground. He is rushing to the final. The final is defined as another new start.,1. 句型单一， 2. 不具备可复制,As is shown in the pi
8、cture, + 完全倒装结构（主系表 表系主）+ 非谓语动词结构+定语从句 There is a man who is running on the playground. On the playground runs a young man.,As is shown in the picture, + 完全倒装结构（主系表 表系主）+ 非谓语动词结构 +定语从句 There is a man who is running on the playground. He is rushing to the finnal. On the playground runs a young man, r
9、ushing to the finnal.,As is shown in the picture, + 完全倒装结构（主系表 表系主）+ 非谓语动词结构 +定语从句 There is a man who is running on the playground. He is rushing to the finnal. The final is defined as another start. On the playground runs a young man, rushing to the finnal， which is defined as another start.,某个位置有中
10、心事物 中心事物什么样 周围事物什么样完全倒装 非谓语动词 非限定性定从,常见可用于四级写作的完全倒装的系动词有 be, come, run, walk, jump, sit, stand, lie, crouch蜷缩, float等表示动作的动词。,屌丝版：As is shown in the cartoon, a candle is shining in the dark. It spreads brightness around itself. 女神版：As is shown in the cartoon, in the picture stands a candle, spreadin
11、g brightness around itself.,屌丝版：As is shown above, a young man was asking his barber to have his hair cut like David Beckham. 女神版：As is shown above, in the chair sits a young man, asking his barber to have his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.,屌丝版：As is vividly depicted above, there is a bottle fal
12、ling to the ground, the wine spile out. One man thinks its all over, while the other one thinks it still left a little. 女神版：As is vividly depicted above, in the picture lies a bottle, falling to the ground with wine spilt out . One man who looks very sad thinks its all over, while the other one, hap
13、pily rushing to the bottle, says it still left a little.,练一个呗,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, in the picture stands a boy, worried about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father instructs him to empty the dustbin in his room first. (33 words),Dad, Im a bit worried about disposing of
14、 nuclear waste. If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, in front of blackboard stands a teacher, teaching mathematics, however, one of her students holds the opinion that the knowledge he is learning might be outdated by the time hes in th
15、e job market. (42 words),As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, in the classroon stands a teacher, asking her student to read a work of literature as if he were reading a long text-message, while the student feels rather unpleasant. (37 words),Just think of it as if youre reading a long text-m
16、essage.”,The amazing achievement of teamwork,As is vividly depicted above, in the cartoon stand two men, dressed in traditional Arab clothes, watching the construction of ancient pyramid, which is the amazing achievement of teamwork.,Life is never an easy road to travel.,As is vividly depicted above
17、, in the cartoon stand two travellers, travelling across mountains and grasslands with heavy baggages on their shoulders.,第一段常用首句句式,As is shown/ depicted/ portrayed in the picture/ cartoon, The picture above vividly describe The drawing above does demonstrate certain thought-provoking social phenome
18、non. What does the author intend to convey by describing. is that ,第一段第二句由图片描述上升到文字说明或寓意的阐释,由浅入深之句型,Simple and funny as the cartoon is, it reflects that The picture implicitly含蓄地，暗示地 raises the question of the importance of The picture seems to be humorous at first glance/sight，but on second thought
19、s (=after reconsideration), you can find the fact that_.The primary purpose of the pictures above is that due attention should be paid to ,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, in the picture stands a boy, worried about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father instructs him to empty the d
20、ustbin in his room first. Simple and funny as the cartoon is, it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things before undertaking big.,Dad, Im a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste. If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.,As is vividly depicted in the
21、 cartoon above, in front of blackboard stands a teacher, teaching mathematics, however, one of her students holds the opinion that the knowledge he is learning might be outdated by the time hes in the job market. The picture implicitly raises the question of the importance of the fundamental skills
22、students learn in our classes.,看累了，练一个呗,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, in the classroon stands a teacher, asking her student to read a work of literature as if he were reading a long text-message, while the student feels rather unpleasant.The primary purpose of the picture above is tha
23、t due attention should be paid to the importance of basic skills.,Just think of it as if youre reading a long text-message.”,As is vividly depicted above, in the cartoon stand two men, dressed in traditional Arab clothes, watching the construction of ancient pyramid, which is the amazing achievement
24、 of teamwork. Simple and funny as the cartoon is, it reflects that teamwork lies a fundamental base to the success.,The amazing achievement of teamwork,As is vividly depicted above, in the cartoon stand two travellers, travelling across mountains and grasslands with heavy baggages on their shoulders
25、. The picture implicitly raises the question that life, which is full of ups and downs, happiness and sorrow, oppotunities and challenges, is never a easy road to travel.,Life is never an easy road to travel.,第二段： 即主体段落 如何写？,第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句 1. 主题句：象征寓意，1句 2. 论证：3句 1）因果论证 2) 影响论证 3) 举例论证 3. 小结：概括论证，总
26、结本段 1句,topic sentence,development: sub idea 1,development: sub idea 2,brief conclusion,Linking devices,主题句（全段核心，全文关键,必写）,The symbolic meaning of the picture is to show us that importance should be attached to The purpose of the drawer is to show us that due attention has to be paid to The picture il
27、lustrates the real meaning of Undoubtedly, the drawing has symbolically revealed a serious problem in our daily life, The cartoon conveys the meaning that A is like the process of B. (比喻类) The purpose of the picture is to remind us of the fact that we should not neglect the significance of,过渡句(“原因如下
28、” ）的表述： Several factors, (both individual and social), could account for the (negative/ positive) phenomenon. The reasons for the phenomenon may be complicated, but we can , to a large extent，ascribe/ owe/attribute (归结于) it to the following factors.,The purpose of the picture is to remind us of the
29、fact that we should not neglect the significance of fundamental skills. （主题句） The reasons for the phenomenon can be attributed to the following factors. （过渡句） 找原因！2-3条,1. 学习基础知识不但 能帮助我们获得 高等的技能，还能 培养我们的情操。 2. 基本技能永远不会 过时，因为它在 日常生活和工作中 仍然具有实用性。,mastering the basic skills can not only help us acquire
30、the advanced skills, but also cultivate our characters along the way we learn it. the basic skills will never be out of date and they remain very practical in our daily life and work.,1. 掌握基础知识不但 能帮助我们获得 高等的技能，还能 培养我们的情操。 2. 基本技能永远不会 过时，因为它在 日常生活和工作中 仍然具有实用性。,下面具体指出几个原因，第一个原因可以用 Among the most impor
31、tant reasons cited by people is. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being the foremost. 第二个原因可以用： Another important reason is. Also playing a part is. 第三个原因可以用： The third reason, which can not be neglected, is that. In addition, (名词) is a
32、lso responsible for the phenomenon. last but not least, ,Among the most important reasons cited by people is that mastering the basic skills can not only help us acquire the advanced skills, but also cultuvate our characters along the way we learn it. Moreover, the basic skills will never be out of
33、date and they remain very practical in our daily life and work. (55 words),for one thing, for another,on the one hand, on the other hand,The picture illustrates the real meaning of dealing with trivial things first. （主题句） Several factors could account for the phenomenon. （过渡句） 找原因1+2,1. 做小事不仅能够培养我们的
34、情操， 而这正是做大事所需要的，而且还能 磨砺人的耐性。 2. 正如一句言语所说，细节决定成败， 成功往往取决于小事情上。,Doing small things can not only help us cultivate the good qualities that we need in undertaking important tasks, but also develop our patience. As a proverb goes, it is detail that determines success, which was made up of by small things
35、.,The picture illustrates the real meaning of dealing with trivial things first. （主题句） Several factors could account for the phenomenon. （过渡句） For one thing, doing small things can not only help us cultivate the good qualities that we need in undertaking important tasks, but also develop our patienc
36、e. For another, as a proverb goes, it is detail that determines success, which was made up of by small things. (66 words),主题句（6选1）+ 过渡句（2选1）+ 原因分析1, 2（,3）,“Just think of it as if youre reading a long text-message.”,列举影响,It will exert a profound influence. The positive effects, which are widely accep
37、ted, can be listed as follows. The negative effects, which are generally acknowledged, are presented below. To begin with, to make matters worse, worst of all,列举影响法的模板 如果全段都讲的是正面影响，主题句可以写成：is beneficial in more than one ways. 如果全段都讲得是负面的影响，主题句可以写成： is harmful in more than one ways. 具体到连接全段的框架可以套用如下句
38、型： The immediate result it produces is The influence is not confined to what is mentioned above. Whats more. Perhaps the most serious consequence (obvious advantage) is ,主体段落 万能角度,物质回报,.can provide people with not only delicious food but fashionable colthes and such benefits as comfortable dwellings
39、 and handsome aotomobiles. individuals and organizations can make money, take profits and even obtain wealth by doing It can improve ones living standards and make an easy an comfortable life.,提供快捷信息,.provides people with up-to-date, concrete and accurate and vivid information. .can shrink the dista
40、nce between cities and even continents, smooth the communication between residents and rid of the barrier between people.,安全角度,. can shield people from various kinds of hazards ranging from injury, robbery, assaults. .can secure peoples food, health and shelter.,身心角度,.can relieve not only pressure b
41、ut also anxiety and such problem from isolation and solitude. It can lessen peoples stress, pressure and tension. It cultivates an optimistic view toward the world, and extends peoples life span. .can also have added benefit of increasing ones knowledge, giving us a new perspective of the outside wo
42、rld.,受益角度,It can broaden ones mind, enrich ones experience, enhance vigor and put more enthusiasm to ones work.,有助成长和成功,people can obtain mental comfort or spiritual back from through they cultivate the spirit of competition, participation and cooperation and finally find their own ways to fulfill t
43、heir pursuit of happiness.,文化价值观,It can promote mutual understanding，narrow the gap between people. the increasing cultural exchanges bring with it far greater rewards than culture itself.,第三段写作策略,结尾段落,四六级写作，一般来说如果能用寥寥数字总结或概括全文，使阅卷老师对全文留下一个清晰完整的认识，对提高得分还是大有裨益的。 结尾段的写法有很多，常见的有：主旨总结，提出建议，展望未来等。但文无定法，我
44、们设置可以用一个反问句来结束全篇，引发思考。,“建议” 四句话：1增强意识，2专家参与，3复杂性，4如何应对,The general publicl is supposed to enhance their awareness that . are essential. This issue, researchers, scholars and experts are expected to work out up-to-date solutions to sth. In view of the complexity of such an issue, we must treat it soc
45、ially, economically and culturally. In a sense, it is not why sth. exists in todays world but what we should do to cope with it.,展望未来法,对未来进行展望，句型倒是非常简单。一般只要使用条件状语从句就可以了，最常用的条件状语从句有：if more and more people use public transportation, air pollution will be better controlled and expenses will be reduced. 如果要把结尾写的精彩一些，可以考虑使用固定句型。 The more people use public transportation, the better air pollution will be controlled. Were the trend to continue, the situation will go from bad to worse.,the importance of studying maths,The end!,
