1、 Lesson 15 Cloning Questions克隆问题课文英汉对照Hi, Jenny,你好,詹妮,How are you? Everyone here is fine. Wang Mei says hello to you. This week in school, we 你好吗? 这儿大家都好。 王梅向你问好。 这一周在学校里,我studied DNA. It was quite interesting! Scientists are doing so many new things with DNA.们学习了有关 DNA 的知识。 它很有趣!科学家们正在用 DNA 制造许多新的东
2、西。I think it will change the world. I dont think the world will ever be the same again.我想 DNA 将改变世界。 我认为世界将不会再是一个样子了。I didnt know very much about cloning. I knew that English scientists had cloned a sheep, 我不知道有关克隆的更多的知识。 我知道英国科学家已经克隆出了一只绵羊,but I knew neither how nor why. Our class discussed the fut
3、ure of cloning. Our teacher 但我既不知道怎样克隆,也不知道为什么要克隆。我们班讨论了有关克隆的未来。asked us, “should scientists try to clone people?” some of my classmates thought it was a 老师问我们, “科学家们应该尝试克隆人吗?”一部分同学认为那是一个好想法,good idea, but I dont think so.但是我不这样认为。Has your class studied cloning? I know youre studying DNA. Brain told
4、 me.你们班学习过“克隆”吗? 我知道你们正在学习 DNA。 布莱恩告诉我的。LiMing图片译文Each of us is special. How would you feel if a scientist designed someone identical to you?我们每一个都有自己的特点。如果科学家设计了一个和你完全一样的人,你感觉怎样呢?图片译文Wouldnt you love to see a live mammoth?难道你不想看见一个活着的巨象吗?To: Li-M收件人:Li-MFrom: jenny compmail. ca发件人:jenny compmail. c
5、aSubject: Re: More DNA!主题: 回复更多的 DNA!Date: 29/ 03 5:19PM日期:3 月 29 日,下午 5 点 19 分Dear LiMing,亲爱的李明,Im very well! Thanks for asking! Brain says he thanks you for the news about school.我很好! 谢谢你们的问候! 布莱恩说他谢谢你给他的有关学校的信息。Yes, we did study cloning! We did an interesting project. First, we saw a movie about
6、Dolly the 是的,我们的确在学习克隆!我们做了一个有趣的项目。首先,我们看了一部关于克隆sheep. Then our teacher asked us what animal we would clone if we were scientists.羊。 然后,我们老师问我们“如果我们是科学家,我们将会克隆什么动物?I chose mammoths. But heres a problem: we dont know how to clone dead animals. Maybe I 我选择了猛犸。 但是有一个问题: 我们不知道怎样克隆死的动物。 或许我will become a
7、scientist and discover the answer.将来会成为一个科学家,并找到答案。Your friend,你的朋友,Jenny 詹妮LETS DO IT!做一做!Use the Internet to find the latest news about cloning. Make a report about your research. Talk 到因特网上去搜寻一些关于克隆的最新消息。 做一个关于你的研究的报告。 讨论about what, where, when, why and how cloning is taking place. 一下克隆正在发生的情况,包括
8、克隆对象、克隆地点、克隆时间、克隆原因和克隆的方式等。重点难点详解1. I knew that English scientists had cloned a sheep, I knew neither how nor why.我知道英国科学家已经克隆出了一只绵羊,但我既不知道怎样克隆,也不知道为什么要克隆。(1)sheep 的单数和复数同形,都是 sheep。实践阶段单复同形的有:deer (鹿) , sheep(绵羊) , fish(鱼) , Chinese(中国人) ,Japanese(日本人) ,li (里) ,jin (斤) ,yuan(元) ,mu (亩) 。That all Ch
9、inese drew together is like a Chinese. 所有中国人团结起来就像是一个人。 I spent 3 yuan on this pair of socks, but she only pays one yuan for it. (2)neithernor“既不 也不”其含义是否定的。它是关联连词,可连接任意两个并列的成份。其用法如下:1)neither. nor 连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的形式应与 nor 后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致Neither my parents nor I was at home yesterday. 昨天我和我的父母都不在家 N
10、either Ann nor the twins like to eat noodles with beef in them. 安和双胞胎都不喜欢吃牛肉面 2)neither. nor 可以连接两个并列的宾语I have neither time nor money to do that. 我既没时间也没有钱来做那件事 They had neither a car nor a house five years ago. 五年前他们既没有车子也没有房子 3)neither. nor 可连接两个并列的表语例如: Thats neither my mistake nor yours. 那既不是我的过
11、错也不是你的过错 The young man is neither too tall nor too fat. 那个年轻人既不太高也不太胖 4)neither. nor 可连接两个并列的谓语The old woman can neither read nor write. 那位老太太既不能看书也不会写字 They neither knew nor cared what happened.他们既不知道也根本不去关心发生了什么事 (3)neither 可以在句中用作代词、形容词、副词和连词其用法如下:1)neither 用作代词时,意为 “两者中一个都不”,在句中用作主语时 ,常与 of 连用,其
12、后可以跟复数名词或复数代词的宾格形式,但谓语动词为单数形式Neither of them comes from America. 他们两人都不是美国人 Neither of the brothers is in good health. 两兄弟的身体都不够健康 2)neither 用作形容词时,意为“两者中任何一个都不”,在句中用作定语时,后面接可数名词单数若“neither + 单数名词”在句中作主语,则谓语动词为单数形式It seems that neither sentence is right. 看来两个句子都不正确 Neither sister is a nurse. 两姐妹中谁都不
13、是护士 3)neither 用作副词时,意为“也不”, 就是当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用 neither 或 nor 进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词 +主语。-We didnt understand what he said. Do you understand? Neither/ Nor did I.(= I didnt understand what he said, either.) 我们没有领会他的意思,你呢? 我也没有领会 He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither
14、 / Nor do I(I dont go to school by bike, either). 他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。经典考例选择最佳答案。1. There are some_ in the mountain.A. deer B. sheeps C. fish D. Japaneses解答 deer, sheep, fish, Japanese 这四个词的单复数同形,可以排除 B 和 D,而鱼不可能生活在山上,所以排除 C。正确答案是:A2. _ you_ he can get in the car, there is no room for you. A. Neither, no
15、r B. Neither, of C. Either, or D. Both, and解答 由句意“ 没有你们的空间了 ”可知“你和他不能上车 ”, neither of 也可以表示两者都不,但它们不能分开,且其后接的是复数名词或复数代词的宾格形式。正确答案是:A1. If you dont go there, _. A. Neither do I B. Neither I do C. Nor shall I D. So shall I 解答 此句是由 if 引导的条件状语从句,从句是一般现在时态,主句应该用一般将来时态,所以可以排除 A 和 B,从句是否定句,主句也应该用否定形式的简略回答。
16、正确答案是:C2. some of my classmates thought it was a good idea, but I dont think so.一部分同学认为那是一个好想法,但是我不这样认为。(1)but 在句中作连词,连接两个并列分句,起转折作用,意为“但是,然而” 。1)作连词,可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句,意为“但是,然而” 。 but 不能与 though/although 连用。如果出现 but,就不用 though/although;出现though/although, 就不用 but。He is young but very experienced.他虽然年
17、轻,但很有经验。Mary likes classical music, but her husband likes rock music.玛丽喜欢古典音乐,而她的丈夫却喜欢摇滚乐。Though/ Although she is young, she knows a lot.虽然她年幼,但她懂得很多。2)作介词,常与 nothing, nobody, who, all 等连用,意为“除之外” 。We had nothing to do but wait. 除了等待之外,我们一筹莫展。No one but me saw him. 除了我之外,没人看到他。1) 作副词,意思接近于 only,意为“只
18、不过” 。She is but a young girl. 她只不过是一个小女孩儿。This is but a piece of paper. 这只是一张纸。(2)I dont think so 意为“我不这样认为” 。在别人发表完自己的观点和看法的时候,如果你不同意对方的看法,就可以用这句 I dont think so. 也可以用 I think not,表示反对对方的看法。如果你的观点和对方一样时,就可以用 I think so. 句中的 so 代替上文整个句子,口语中用的多一些。- Are you able to come to our party tomorrow?-I think
19、so. What time? (so= I am able to come to your party tomorrow)明天你可以来参加我们的聚会吗?我想是这样,什么时候来?知识拓展和 think 用法相同的词还有:guess, suppose, hope, believe, imagine 等。1. 它们的肯定式是 I guess/ suppose/ hope/ believe/ imagine so。- Is Peter coming to the concert? -I expect so. 彼得将来参加音乐会吗?我期望如此。2. 它们的否定式:通常用 I guess/ suppose
20、/ hope/ believe/ imagine not.。但 think, imagine,believe 三词的否定答语中,用 dont think/imagine/believe so 比用 not 更为常见。hope 则只能使用 not,不能使用 dont hope so。-Is my car ready? - I believe not. / I dont believe so.车准备好了吗?我相信还没有。- Will it rain the day after tomorrow? -I hope not. (不能说:I dont hope so.)后天会下雨吗?我希望不下。经典考例
21、选择最佳答案。1. Though snow is so heavy, _children still play in the snow.A. and B. but C. / D. or解答 由句意“虽然雪很大,但孩子们仍然在雪野玩耍”可以排除 A 和 D,而 though 和 but不能连用。正确答案是:C2. -The reporter said there would be strong wind tomorrow. -_.A. I hope so B. I hope C. I hope not D. I dont hope so解答 由句意“明天将会有强风”可知,强风不是好事情,所以应该
22、用否定作答,而hope 的否定回答只能是 I hope not, 不能使用 I dont hope so。正确答案是:C3. Has your class studied cloning?你们班学习过“克隆”吗?(1)your class 在此看成了一个整体,谓语动词用 has. 如果强调整体中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数。Our class is the best class in our school.我们班是全校最好的班。 Their class are going to climb Mount Tai. 他们班的全体同学将去登泰山。(2)study 在句中作动词,意为 “学习” 。Stu
23、dy 的用法:1)作名词 求学;学习He will finish his studies next year. 他明年将完成学业。He is fond of study. 他喜欢学习。 书房,研究室The dictionary is in my study. 那本词典在我的书房里。My father is reading morning newspaper in his study.爸爸正在他的书房里读晨报。 研究Biology is the study of living things. 生物学是对生物的研究。Mr. Smith likes making a study of Chinese
24、 history 史密斯先生喜欢研究中国的历史。2)作动词 vt. 最高级是 latest. late 的用法:(1)作副词1)迟, 晚He got here five minutes late. 他到这里迟了五分钟。He is a lazy boy, he almost sleeps late every day.他中一个懒惰的男孩儿,他几乎每天都睡懒觉。2)以前, 不久前, 最近I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我还看见过王先生。The rice was planted late. 那些水稻是最近种植的。(2)作形容词1)迟的,晚的I was
25、 late for school. 我上学迟到了。It is very late - I should be in bed. 天很晚了,我得上床了。2)晚期的, 末期的He began the work in late May. 他在五月底开始这项工作。In the late afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. 傍晚,孩子们在田地的当中搭起了帐篷。3)不久前的,最近的People often complain with the late government. 人们常常抱怨上届政府。She is my
26、late Chinese teacher. 她是我的前任英语老师。4)新的;刚刚到的I have some latest new about the earthquake. 我有一些关于地震的最新消息。These books are late.这些书是刚刚到的。(3)习惯用语stay up late“深夜不睡, 迟睡,熬夜 ”She often stays up late because she has too much homework,.他常常熬夜,因为她有太多的家庭作业。early and late“从早到晚”My mother is a hard-working woman, she
27、always works every and late.妈妈是个勤劳的人,她总是从早到晚地工作。(4)含 late 的谚语Better late than never. 晚做总比不做好; 迟来总比不来强。It is never too late to learn. 活到老, 学到老。经典考例选择最佳答案。1. The teacher returned in the _ spring.A. latest B. later C. latter D. late解答 由四个选项可知是指晚春,而晚春的习惯用法是 late spring。正确答案是:D2. He is always late for sc
28、hool and he is often the _one to come to school. A. latest B. earliest C. latter D. late解答 由空前的 the 可知此处应该用最高级,再由句意“他总是迟到并且经常是最后一个到校的”可知答案。正确答案是:A6. Talk about what, where, when, why and how cloning is taking place. 讨论一下克隆正在发生的情况,包括克隆对象、克隆地点、克隆时间、克隆原因和克隆的方式等。(1)此句是一个含有多个引导词的宾语从句的祈使句。cloning 作从句的主语,动
29、名词作主语谓语动词用单数。I know what doing sports is good for.我知道做运动对什么有利。(2)take place 意为“发生” 。辨析happen 和 take place 二者均为不及物动词,不出现在被动语句中。1. happen 常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生” 。既可指愉快的事,也可指不愉快的事。常可表示“碰巧;恰好”之意。What has happened to you? 你发生了什么事?It happened that I had no money on me. 我碰巧没有带钱。2. take place 通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”, 此外还有“举行”之意。Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1984. 1984 年以来上海发生了巨大变化。The meeting will take place next Friday。会议将下周五举行。