1、 Lesson 21 Whats in a Name?名字包含什么?课文英汉对照THINK ABOUT IT! 想一想! How many names do you have? How many names do Western people usually have?你有几个名字? 西方人通常有几个名字? If people in Western countries want to be formal, what do they say with their family 假如西方国家的人想显得正式些, 他们怎样说他们的姓呢?names?In Western countries, peopl
2、e usually have three names: two “given” names and one “ family” 在西方国家, 人们通常有 3 个名字: 两个名,一个姓。name.图片译文My whole name is Brian James Smith. My given names are “Brian” and “James.” My family 我的全名是布莱恩.詹姆斯.史密斯。 我的名是“布莱恩”和“詹姆斯” , 我的姓是name is “Smith.”“史密斯” 。In Western countries, people dont usually talk abo
3、ut “ given names” and “family names.” They 在西方国家, 人们通常不说“名”或“姓” ,talk about their “ first,” “middle” and “last” names. Brians first name is “Brian,” his middle 他们说“第一个”名字, “中间的”名字和“最后的”名字。布莱恩的第一个名字是“布name is “James” and his last name is “Smith.” 莱恩” ,他的中间的名字是“詹姆斯” ,最后的名字是“史密斯” 。图片译文Hi, LiMing! Im a
4、little confused. Whats your last name? Is it Ming?你好,李明!我有点糊涂了。 你的姓是什么? 是明吗?No, Ming is my first name, but in China it comes last!不,明是我的名字, 但在中国它在最后面。In Western countries, people usually do not say another persons whole name.在西方国家人们通常不会称呼另一个人的全名。图片译文So people usually call me “ Brain,” not “Brian Jam
5、es” and certainly not “Brian James Smith.”因此,人们通常叫我“布莱恩” ,而不叫我“布莱恩.詹姆斯” ,当然也不叫“布莱恩. 詹姆斯. 史密斯” 。When people in Western countries need to be formal, they say Mr., Miss, Ms. Or Mrs. With the 当西方人需要正式一些时, 他们就把先生、小姐、女士或夫人同persons family name.姓连在一起。图片译文I sometimes call men “sir.” Do you ever do that?我有时称呼
6、男人为“先生” ,你曾经那样称呼过吗?No. thats very formal in English.不。在英语中那是非常正式的。LETS DO IT! 做一做!Work with a partner, write a dialogue in which Brian and WangMei meet and introduce 和你的同伴一起写一个对话,对话是关于布莱恩和王梅见面并相互作自我介绍。themselves. What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?当他们在正式场合见面时,他们说什么?重点难点详解1. How man
7、y names do Western people usually have? 西方人通常有几个名字?Western adj. “西方的,西部的 ”它是由 west“西的,西方的”在词尾加-ern 得来的,和它相同的还有:east (东方的,东的) eastern(东方的,东部的) , south(南的,南方的)southern(南的,南部的) ,north(北的,北方的)northern (北方的,北部的) 。America is a western country. 美国是一个西方国家。The western part of China is being developed. 中国西部正在
8、被开发。辨析west 和 westernwest 和 western 这两个词都可作形容词,意为“西方的” ,但也有一定的区别。1. west 强调方向感,即指地理方向为西方的,偏重地理位置。On the west coast, the temperature changes very little between summer and winter. 在西海岸,夏天和冬天的气温变化不大。We traveled west for two days. 我们向西旅行了两天。2. western 强调来自西方的,可泛指来自欧美的风俗,食物等,更偏重政治。The western part of Ame
9、rica was lawless 200 years ago. 二百年前,美国西部是没有法纪的。They are having dinner in a western restaurant. 他们正在一个西餐厅进餐。2. If people in Western countries want to be formal, what do they say with their family names?假如西方国家的人想显得正式些,他们怎样说他们的姓呢?formal adj. “正式的,庄重的,刻板的 ”She has a very formal manner. 她举止端庄.Business l
10、etters must always be formal, but we should write in a natural way to friends. 商业信函必须是正式的,但是写信给朋友应写得自然一些。Hes very formal with everybody. 他对谁都很刻板。3. In Western countries, people usually have three names: two “given” names and one “ family” 在西方国家,人们通常有 3 个名字:两个名,一个姓。分清各名字的意思: whole name / full name 全名
11、, family name 姓,given name 名。first name 姓(在中国)/ 名(在英语国家) ; last name 名(在中国)/ 姓(在英语国家) 。即:In English, first namegiven name,last namefamily name;In Chinese,first name = family name,last name = given name 。我们用例来表示:汉语中的人名:Li Ming(full name=whole name); Li (first name=family name); Ming (last name=given)
12、 英语中的人名:Brian James Smith (full name=whole name); Brian(middle name=given name); James(last name=given name); Smith(last name=given name) 4. No, Ming is my first name, but in China it comes last! 不,明是我的名字,但在中国它在最后面。(1)come 在句中意为“位于”,come (came, come, coming)作动词的意义有很多,现列举如下:1)来,来临Come here Mary, I wa
13、nt to speak to you!玛丽,你过来!我有话对你说。2)到,来到It often happens that success comes after many failures 经过多次失败后而获得成功,这是常有的事。3)及,到达The water came to my neck. 水深及我的脖子。4)出现(于),位于Monday comes after Sunday. 星期天之后便是星期一。5)生产,供应Milk comes from cows. 母牛产奶。(2)come 的常用词组:1)come about “发生”How did it come about? 那事是怎么发生的
14、?2)come across= come upon“偶遇;碰到” Weve just come across/ upon an old friend we havent seen for years. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。3)come along “进展,进步,进行;追随,跟着来 ”Hows your work coming along? 你的工作进展如何?These visitors came along with some business men. 这些旅客是和一些商人一起来的。4)come down “传递,传给;下来”The song comes down to us
15、from the 10th century. 这首歌从 10 世纪一直传到我们这一代。Please come down, its dangerous. 请下来,危险。5)come in “流行,时髦;(在比赛中)获得名次;进入;到达,抵达”When did the short skirt first come in? 短裙是什么时候开始流行的?The boys in our class came in third in school boys basketball match. 我们班的男生在校男子篮球赛中获得第三名。Please come in and sit down.请进来坐下。Has
16、the train come in yet? 火车到站了吗?6)come into “进入”The mountain town came into sight as we turned the last corner. 我们拐过最后一个弯,山城就映入了我们的眼帘。7)come from “来自于,出身于,出生于 ”He comes from a good family. 他出身世家。8) come on “赶快,加油”Come on, China! Come on, Wenchuan! 中国加油!汶川加油!9)come out “显露;开放;出版;出来”She came out well in
17、 that photograph. 那张照片中她照得很好。Spring is coming, many flowers all comes out. 春天来了,许多花儿都开放了。When does Johns book come out? 约翰的书什么时候出版?The stars came out as soon as darkness fell. 天一黑,星星就出来了。10)come up with “想出(计划,回答)”I cant come up with an answer. 我回答不了。11)come true “实现”I believe your dream can come tr
18、ue. 我相信你的梦想会实现的。12) come back “回来”When will you come back? 你什么时候会回来?经典考例选择最佳答案。1. Uncles birthday _ soon. A. came B. came to C. is coming D. will come out解答 由 soon 可知此句要用一般将来时态,可以排除 A 和 B,C 意为“即将来临” ,D意为“即将开放” ,再由句意“叔叔的生日不久就会来临”可知选 C。正确答案是:C2. Who _that plan about travelling? A. came true B. came up
19、 with C. came down D. came in解答 come true “实现”, come up with “想出(计划,回答) ”,come down “传递,传给;下来”,come in “流行,时髦;(在比赛中)获得名次;进入;到达,抵达” 由句意“谁想出的那个旅行计划?”可知答案。正确答案是:B5. When people in Western countries need to be formal, they say Mr., Miss, Ms. Or Mrs. With the persons family name.当西方人需要正式一些时,他们就把先生、小姐、女士或
20、夫人同姓连在一起。辨析Mr., Miss, Ms.和 Mrs.1. Mr. 意为“先生”,一般用于男子姓氏或职务前 不管年龄大小、辈分长幼、职务高低、结婚与否,男子都可称为 Mr.要注意的是,英美人的姓在名字后面,中国人的姓在名字前面Mr. 还可以单独使用,后面不跟姓氏 We can call an Englishman named John Brown-Mr. Brown but not Mr. John.我们可以称呼一个名叫约翰.布朗的英国男士为布朗先生,但不能叫约翰先生。We can call a Chinese man called Li Cheng- Mr. Li but not M
21、r. Cheng.我们可以称呼一个名叫李诚的男士为李先生,但不能叫诚先生。We can call our headmaster- Mr. Headmaster.我们可以称呼我们的校长为校长先生。Listen to me, Mr.! Mr., you are lost! 听我说,先生! 先生,你迷路了! 2. Mrs. 意为“夫人,太太”,常用于已婚妇女的丈夫的姓氏前,但不用于她本身的姓氏前We can call Jack Whites wife Mary Read- Mrs. White but not Mrs. Read.我们可以称呼杰克.怀特的妻子玛丽.里德为怀特夫人,但不能叫里德夫人。W
22、e can call Liu Yangs wife Li Fang- Mrs. Liu but not Mrs. Li.我们可以称呼刘阳的妻子李芳为刘夫人,但不能叫李夫人。3. Miss 意为“ 小姐”,复数形式为 Misses,用于对未婚女子的称呼 Miss 可以放在未婚女子的姓氏前,也可以放在她的全名前。Miss 还可以单独用于对一般年轻女性的尊称,包括学生对女教师的称呼如果哪家有几个未婚女子,可以用复数来称呼她们。We can call Rose Jones Miss Jones or Miss Rose Jones.我们可以称呼罗斯琼斯为琼斯小姐或罗斯琼斯小姐。We can call
23、Li Ju Miss Li or Miss Li Ju. 我们可以称呼李菊为李小姐或李菊小姐。We can call the Greens girls the Miss Greens or the Misses Green.我们可以叫格林家的姑娘们为格林家的小姐们。Good morning, Miss! 老师,早上好!4. 如果对一个女子的婚姻状况不明,即不知其是否结婚时,可以用 Ms (女士)Im not Mr. King, Im Ms King.我不是金先生,我是金女士 6. I sometimes call men “sir.” Do you ever do that? 我有时称呼男人为
24、 “先生” ,你也曾经那样称呼过吗?sir 英、美人通常用 sir 对不相识的男子、上级、长辈或从事某种职务的男子表示尊称时,意为“先生、阁下、长官”,后面不跟姓氏电视对话里还可以听到 Ma sir, Lin sir 等通俗说法 sir 还广泛用于各类信件中。 -May I go now, sir? -Yes, sir. 先生,我可以走了吗? 是的,先生Dear sir, My dear sir, Dear sirs, Sirs7. Work with a partner, write a dialogue in which Brian and WangMei meet and introdu
25、ce themselves. 和你的同伴一起写一个对话,对话是关于布莱恩和王梅见面并相互作自我介绍。此句是一个定语从句,先行词是 a dialogue, 关系词是 which, 当关系代词在介词后面时只用 which 不能用 that。当介词放在句末时,关系代词既可用 which 也可用 that。Whats the question about which they are talking.=Whats the question that/ which they are talking about.他们正在谈论的问题是什么?This is the room in which I am liv
26、ing.= This is the room that I am living in. 这是我正住的那个房间。友情提示当先行词为 that 时,关系代词用 which。Whats that which you are holding in your hands.你手里拿的是什么东西?Whose book is that which has a green cover? 有绿色封面的那本书是谁的?8. What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?当他们在正式场合见面时,他们说什么?(1)on a formal occasion 意为
27、“在正式的场合” , on occasion“在场合,在时刻” 。She cried on a great occasion.她在那样盛大的场面上哭了。I only wear a tie on special occasions. 我只在特殊场合才打领带。(2)occasion 的用法:1)n. “特殊场合, 特殊时刻;(特定的)时刻,时候”A birthday is no occasion for tears. 生日可不是哭鼻子的时候。Children sang and danced on that festival occasion.在那个喜庆的场合,孩子们又唱又跳。2)vt. “引起,惹
28、起 ”Her conduct occasions me great worry. 她的行为使我非常担心。His words occasioned her anger. 他的话惹得她生气。3)have occasion“有的理由; 有必要”Shes had much occasion to practise French. 她有必要练习法语。Everyone has occasion to do sports. 每个人都有必要做运动。4)have no occasion“没有的理由;没有必要”You have no occasion to be so rude. 你没有理由这样粗鲁。Ive ha
29、d no occasion to visit him recently. 我最近没有必要去看他.经典考例选择最佳答案。1. I was not at home_ that occasion. A. on B. in C. at D. for解答 由 that occasion 可知是具体到某一时刻, on occasion“在场合,在时刻”。正确答案是:A2. You have no _to go to college because he hates study.A. occasions B. an occasion C. a occasion D. occasion解答 固定词组 have no occasion“没有的理由;没有必要”正确答案是:D