1、单元综合测评(二)(时间：100 分钟；满分：120 分).阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)ARobert Ballard was born in 1942. From an early age, he loved the sea. Ballard grew up in Southern California. He spent his free time at the beach near his home. He enjoyed fishing and swimming. He even learned to dive.When Ballard wasnt at
2、the ocean, he loved reading about it. At age 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo. Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up. His parents helped him follow his dream.Ballard was a hardworking student
3、. He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean. By the age of 28, he was an expert. In 1970，he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts. There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean. He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under t
4、he oceans. Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals. These animals lived far below the ocean s surface，where scientists had believed no animals could live. By the 1980s, Ballards interests changed. He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom. Hi
5、s first find, the wellknown ship Titanic, made Ballard famous. He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked for and found other wellknown ships. One was the German battleship Bismarck. Another was the USS. Yorktown， an aircraft carrier (航空母舰 ) that sank during World War .Today Robert B
6、allard is still an underwater explorer. He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science. Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps. After all, the worlds huge oceans are mostly unknown. Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea?【语篇
7、解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了 Robert Ballard 成为水下探险家的经过。1What was Ballards dream when he was young?ATo be a science teacher.BTo be a famous writer.CTo be an animal expert.DTo be an underwater explorer.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”并结合第二段第二句可知，他的梦想是成为水下探险
8、家。【答案】 D2When Ballard worked at Woods Hole OceanographicInstitute, he_Aexplored the undersea world by shipBthought of ideas to predict underwatervolcanoesCfound some unknown sea animals aloneDset up an organization to teach students science【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“He came up with ways to predict volcanoe
9、s under the oceans.”可知，他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。【答案】 B3Which is the correct order of the events mentioned in the text about Ballard?aHe found the German battleship Bismarck.bHe read a book about Captain Nemo.cHe found the famous ship Titanic.dHe became an expert in science.Abcd a Bdbc aCb dca Ddca b【解析】 细节理解
10、题。根据第二段内容可知，他 10 岁时读了有关 Nemo船长的书，根据第三段内容可知，他 1970 年时成为一名科学家；根据第四段内容可知，到 20 世纪 80 年代，他发现了泰坦尼克号，之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。【答案】 C4What can we learn from the text?ABallard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.BBallard didnt like fishing and swimming in his childhood.CBallards parents felt
11、 disappointed at his undersea adventures.DHuman beings have explored more than half of the sea.【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Robert Ballard 读了海底两万里这本书使他明确了他的理想，并为之努力，最终获得了成功。因此这本书影响了他的一生。【答案】 AB【导学号：15680051】Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are not just beautiful to look at, but also very useful. They shelter nearly 25% of o
12、cean life and provide food for billions of people. However, like many other species, this amazing ecosystem(生态系统 )is in danger of dying out!There are two main reasons for the destructionthe rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation. While
13、 not much can be done about the former, the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish. This action damaged the ocean floor, causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs. While that is ver
14、y discouraging, the good news is that if these branches are found quickly, they can be saved. At present, that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deepsea
15、coral grows.However, this is not the case for Coralbotsthe robots that can constantly seek out broken branches. A team of coralbots， each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between oth
16、er things and the coral. The robots work together in groups, similar to bees. If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.Dr LeaAnne Henry said, “The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs. It is in the final s
17、tage of testing. Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用，它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢？5Which of the following is a cause of the d
18、anger that coral reefs are facing?AThe appearance of new creatures.BThe seriously polluted sea water.CThe activities of volunteer divers.DHuman activities like bottom operation.【解析】 事实细节题。根据第二段首句中的“.as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知答案为 D。【答案】 D6Compared with volunteer divers, cor
19、albots_.Acan stay longer underwaterBmust work as bees doCcan distinguish what is coralDcan never be damaged【解析】 推理判断题。由第三段可知，目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。故答案为 A。【答案】 A7What does the underlined word“them” in the last paragraph refer to?ACoralbots. BBroken bra
20、nches.CWorking bees. DBits of coral.【解析】 词义猜测题。由上文可知，修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。结合语境可以推断，一旦调试完毕，研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。因此答案为 A。【答案】 A8We can infer from the passage that_Abottom operation has affected most underwater creaturesBbroken branches of coral can regrow if saved in timeChundreds of the coralbots have wor
21、ked well in the oceansDwith the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知 A 项没有依据；由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用，故排除 C 项；由于 D 项中的 all 一词过于绝对，此项也不可选。而根据倒数第二段中的“.constantly seek out broken branches”和“.piece together damaged bits of coral， allowing them to grow.”可知答案为 B。【答案】 BCLife in
22、 the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simp
23、le touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says， “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The obje
24、cts around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look di
25、fferent from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don
26、t see it you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues won
27、t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials skin, fat, and more and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new sp
28、eed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jellylike (果冻状的) material and spread them
29、selves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals,
30、staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。9According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals _Astay in groupsBcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep oceanDare beautiful creatures【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Mos
31、t of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.可知 ，大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的，仅碰一碰就会受到损害，故 B 项“很容易受到损害”正确。A 项“集体待在一起”和 D 项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到；根据第一段中的between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet 可知，它们生活在海面与海面以下大约 3 300 英尺之间的海水中 ，故 C 项“只出现在深海中”错误。【答案】 B10The underlined wor
32、d “dead” in Paragraph 3 means_Asilently BgraduallyCregularly Dcompletely【解析】 词义猜测题。由第三段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里 dead 意为“完全地” ，故选 D。【答案】 D11One way for an animal to become transparent is to_Achange the direction of light travelBgather mat
33、erials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of lightDgrow bigger to stop light【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.可知，想变透明就要让身体避免对光线吸收或进行散射，因此 C 项“避免光线的吸收”是其中的一个方法。A 项“改变光传播的方向” ，B 项中的 to scatter light(散射光)和 D 项中的 to stop ligh
34、t(阻止光)都是我们可看见物体的原因，不是透明生物的特点，均应予以排除。【答案】 C12The last paragraph tells us that largertransparent animals_Amove more slowly in deep waterBstay seethrough even after deathCproduce more tissues for their survivalDtake effective action to reduce light spreading【解析】 推理判断题。D 项中的 take effective action 和最后一段倒
35、数第二句中的 an active process 是同义表达，reduce light spreading 和最后一段第一句中的 slow down light 是同义表达，故 D 项正确。最后一段中没有提到 A、C 两项；根据最后一段最后一句中的 they turn a nontransparent milky white 可知，它们死后会变成不透明的乳白色，故 B 项错误。【答案】 DDWhen my father was getting ready for work，our house was ruled by knocks and words.He used to come downs
36、tairs to breakfast.The morning paper lay beside his plate.He always read the “Deaths” first，and then he knocked once on the table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him.Usually he said nothing，but once I heard him say， “I love you very much，EdithI would love more if you buttere
37、d my bread on both sides.” He read the paper all through breakfast.Two knocks on the table meant “I am ready for my tea.” If a single knock followed，that meant， “More bread，please.”After breakfast he said， “Boots.” The paper was spread(展开) for him over the back of an armchair.Yesterdays paper was pu
38、t on the chair for his feet，and his boots were brought to him，freshly cleaned.He read standing at the same time putting on his boots.With one boot finished he said， “Bus.” At that point one of the girls went outside to the garden gate and waited there.Her job was to stop a bus when it came.It came e
39、arly sometimes and it had to wait for my father.“Overcoat，hat.” One of my sisters had already brushed his overcoat.Now she held it open for him.Another girl came with his hat，nicely brushed.“Handkerchief，pipe(烟斗) ” They were brought and put，with his tobacco(烟草) ，into his pocket.He looked out of the
40、window and said either “Walking stick” or “Umbrella”It was handed to him.Ready now，he was still reading the paper.He didnt put it down until he heard the shout “Bus coming！ ” Then he kissed my mother and went out.The girls breathed freely.How lucky a man was to have a wife and five daughters at home
41、!【语篇解读】 本文讲一个幸福的男人在早上由他的五个女儿和妻子服侍的故事。13When the father made the first knock，he meant _.Ahe had begun to read the morning newspaperBhe was made to feel sad by the“Deaths” newsChe would start to read the other parts of the paperDhis breakfast should begin【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句 then he knocked once on t
42、he table.One of my sisters brought his bread，already buttered for him 可知答案为 D。【答案】 D14What does “Edith” mean? AA kind of bread.BOne of the writers sisters.CThe writer.DThe writers mother.【解析】 词义猜测题。根据 I love you very much，Edith.I would love more if you buttered my bread on both sides 可知 Edith 是他女儿的名
43、字。【答案】 B15From the story we may see that_Athe father was so lazy that he hardly did anythingBthe father was the “centre” of the familyCevery girl in the family was afraid to do wrong because they didnt know clearly enough what to doDthe father was hated by all his daughters【解析】 推理推断题。看过全文我们知道整个早上他家里
44、所有的人都在为他服务，由此可以看出他的家是以他为中心的，因此应该选择 B。【答案】 B.阅读填句(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)_16_ You probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so, however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Heres how：Plan your time carefully.When planning your work, you should make a l
45、ist of things that you have to do.After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time.First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc.Then decide a good, regular time for studying._17_A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happ
46、ening to your time.Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials.No games, radios, or television.When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use
47、of your time in class._18_Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day and read that mater
48、ial._19_If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and youll remember it longer.Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont be overworried._20_You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.AThere are many methods that might help you with your studying.BDont forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.CTake advantage of class time to listen to everything the tea
