1、专题 11 动名词和分词在短文填空中应用【理论回顾】1、动名词的语法功能动名词是一种_形式，其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。1. 动名词作主语动名词是由_变化而来，所以，动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如：Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. Cheating on an exam ruins ones character. 2. 动名词作表语动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语
2、是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。如： My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job. 3. 动名词作宾语能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up 等。另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer 等。如：I enjoy wo
3、rking with you. 4. 动名词作状语动名词（短语）可以和 about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides 等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如： They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news. She left without saying good-bye to us. 2、分词的语法功能分词可分为_和_两种。现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing。而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed。分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作定语、状语或表语。1. 分词作表语分词做表语有两种
4、情况，一种是_做表语，一种是_做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如 excite，interest 等现在分词含义是“令人激动的” 、 “令人高兴的” ，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的” 。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是_，凡是表示“感到”都用_。例如：The present situation is terrifying. 2. 分词作定语现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的_，并且通常可转换成一个_。单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前，但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后：There is a gentleman askin
5、g to see you.3. 分词作状语现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是_。例如：He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是_。例如：Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. Faced with difficulties, we must try to ov
6、ercome them. 【想一想】如果在给出提示动词的情况下，已经确定要填非谓语动词形式，那么怎么确定具体形式呢？【练一练】A 篇Im a journalist for China Daily. I want to tell you 1 unforgettable experience today. One day last year, I was about 2 (leave) my office when suddenly I received a phone call. My sister 3 (work) in Peoples Hospital told me that a boy
7、was 4 (terrible) burnt by boiling water and was dying. I hurried to the hospital and asked the people around 5 had happened. The boys neighbor told me that the boy had to live alone because both of his parents were working in another city and 6 of his relatives was willing to take care of him. Only
8、on festivals 7 his parents return home. In that case, the boy cooked 8 himself every day. I looked at the poor boy 9 skin was charred and swollen, feeling very sad. His doctor told me that his nerves 10 (damage) and he was unconscious now. I want to ask the boys parents, “If your son had died, what
9、would you use your money for?”1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _B 篇There was once a boy who had a temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he _1_ hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day the boy _2_(drive)37 nails into
10、the fence. Over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered _3_ (gradual) decreased. He discovered _4_ was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence. Finally the day came _5_ he didnt lose his temper. He told his father and his father sugges
11、ted that the boy now_6_ (pull) out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. The days passed and the boy told his father that all the nails were gone. The father took the boy _7_ the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “Look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be t
12、he same. When you say things in anger; they leave a scar (疤痕) just like the_8_ on the fence. It wont matter how many times you say I am sorry, _9_ wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are very rare. They make you smile and encourage you _10_ (success). They lend
13、an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.” 1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._C 篇A jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at a big firm. The HR manager _1_ (interview) him, then a test: clean the floor. “You are hired,” he said, “give me your email address, _2_ Ill send you t
14、he application to fill.” The man replied “I dont have a computer, _3_ an email”. “Im sorry,” said the HR manager, “that means you do not exist. And _4_ doesnt exist cannot have the job.”The man left _5_ no hope at all. He didnt know what to do, with only $10 in his pocket. He then decided to go to t
15、he supermarket and buy a 10 KG tomato crate. He then sold the tomatoes in a door to door round. In less than two hours, he _6_ (success) in doubling his capital. He repeated the operation 3 times, and returned home with $60. 5 years later, the man is one of the _7_ (big) food retailers(零售商) in the U
16、S. He started to plan his familys future, and decided to have a life insurance. He called _8_ insurance broker, and chose a protection plan. When the conversation was concluded, the broker asked him his email. The man replied: “I dont have an email”. The broker replied _9_ (curious), “You dont have
17、an email, and yet have established an empire! Do you imagine _10_ you could have been if you had an email? The man thought for a while, and replied: “An office boy!”1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._【乐一乐】Sleeping PillsBob was having trouble getting to sleep at night. He went to see his doctor, who
18、prescribed some extra-strong sleeping pills. Sunday night Bob took the pills, slept well and was awake before he heard the alarm. He took his time getting to the office, strolled in and said to his boss: “I didnt have a bit of trouble getting up this morning.“Thats fine,“ roared the boss, “but where were you Monday and Tuesday?“ 鲍勃晚上失眠。他去看医生，医生给他开了一些强力安眠药。 星期天晚上鲍勃吃了药，睡得很好，在闹钟响之前就醒了过来。他到了办公室，遛达进去，对老板说：“我今天早上起床一点麻烦都没有。 ” “好啊!”老板吼道， “那你星期一和星期二到哪儿去了？”
