1、Unit 4 第 3 课时 Learning about Language.单项填空从 A、B、C 、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1(原创)She stared out of the window, _in daydreams.Ahaving lost Blost Cbeing lost Dlosing答案：B 本题题意：她凝视窗外， 陷入白日梦中。本题考查过去分词短语 (或形容词短语) 在句中担任方式和伴随状语。2_into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and
2、 heating supply breakdowns.APut BPutting CHaving put DBeing put答案：A 本题题意：热线电话于 2000 年 4 月投入使用，专供城市居民报告自来水和暖气的供应故障问题。本题考查分词作时间状语。句子的主语 hotline(热线)与动词短语put.into use(使用，利用)之间构成逻辑上的“动宾”关系，采用过去分词作状语。本句转换为时间状语从句为：After it was put into use in 2000，.3_from other continents for millions of years, Australia h
3、as many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separated DTo be separated答案：C 本题题意：由于与其他大陆分离数百万年之久，澳大利亚拥有许多在地球上其它国家未曾发现的植物和动物。本题考查分词作原因状语。句子的主语 Australia 与动作 separate 之间构成逻辑上的“动宾”关系；排除选项 B.此外分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，尤其是时间状语 for millions
4、 of years 的存在，分词必须采用完成式，排除选项A.本句可转化为原因状语从句 As it has been separated from other continents for millions of years，.4_by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 答案：B 本题题意：陶醉于自然美景之中，这位伦敦女孩决定在农场再待两天
5、。本题考查分词作原因状语，转化为状语从句为：As she was attracted by the beauty of nature，.；句子的主语 the girl 与动词 attract 之间构成逻辑上的“动宾”关系，排出选项A 和选项 D；此外，不定式在句中只作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语，不作其它状语，排出选项 C.注意：过去分词作状语时， 与句子的主语构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”或构成“系表结构” 。5_time, hell make a firstclass tennis player.AHaving given BTo give CGiving DGiven答案：D 本题题意：假以时
6、日，他会成为一名一流的网球选手。本题考查分词作条件状语。动作 give 与句子的主语 he 之间在逻辑上存在“动宾关系” ，采用过去分词形式。转化为条件状语从句为：If he is given time，.6_in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.ABeing founded BIt was founded CFounded DFounding答案：C 本题题意：哈佛大学成立于 1636 年，是美国最著名的大学之一。 found 表示“建立；创立；创办” 。例如：The famo
7、us monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. 著名的圣 伯纳德修道院是 11 世纪建立的，它座落在离开关隘一英里的地方。动词 found 与主语 Harvard 之间构成“系表”结构。注意：由过去分词转化而来的形容词在句中担任状语或后置定语时，不能和 being 连用。7_to give up smoking, he threw away his_cigarettes.ADetermined; remained BDetermined; remaini
8、ng CDetermining; remained DDetermining; remaining 答案：B 本题题意：决心戒烟，他扔掉了剩余的香烟。be determined to do sth 表示“决心做某事” 。例如：I am determined to do better than Mike.我决心比迈克做得更好。分词作状语时， 与句子的主语构成逻辑上的“系表”结构时，采用过去分词，此时过去分词前面不用 being. 此外，remain 为不及物动词，作定语时采用 remaining 的形式。例如：We left the remaining points for our next m
9、eeting. 余下的各点我们留待下次会议再议。8He went to bed _， and when he woke up he found he still had his shoes on.Adrinking Bbeing drunk Cdrunk Dhaving drunk答案：C 本题题意：他醉醺醺的就上床睡了觉，当他醒来时，发现脚上仍然穿着鞋子。过去分词 drunk 作状语，起补充说明作用，表示 “醉酒 ”的一种状态。9Smith has come in his raincoat and gum boots, _for rain.Aprepare Bprepared Cto pre
10、pare Dpreparing答案：B 本题题意：史密斯先生来了，身穿雨衣，脚穿胶鞋，做好了下雨的准备。过去分词短语 prepared for sth 作状语，表示状态，与句子的主语 Smith 之间构成“系表”结构。10Mr. Smith, _of the _speech, started to read a novel.Atired; boring Btiring; bored Ctired; bored Dtiring; boring答案：A 本题题意：厌倦了这无聊的演讲，史密斯先生开始看起小说来。第一空考查过去分词作状语，be tired of (doing)sth 表示“对感到厌倦(
11、 或厌烦)” ；例如：Im sick and tired of all the arguments. 我对所有这些争论烦透了。tired of sth 与主语 Mr. Smith 构成“系表结构” 。第二空考查现在分词作定语，boring 表示“没趣的；令人厌倦(或厌烦) 的” ，表示“人或物”的性质。例如：Hes such a tiring man！他就是这么一个惹人烦的人！.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。There is an English saying: Langhter is the best medicine
12、. Until recently, few people took the saying_1_. Now, however, doctors have begun to_2_laughter and the_3_it has on the human body. They have found that laughter realy can_4_peoples health.Tests were_5_to study the effects of laughter on the body. People_6_funny films_7_doctors checked their heart b
13、eat, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to_8_exercise. It_9_blood pressure, the heart and breathing; it also_10_several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter_11_the body, it must be beneficial.Other tests have sh
14、own that laughter appears to be able to_12_the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors_13_pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that_14_the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why_15_can reduce p
15、ain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both_16_and pain.As a_17_of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patientss condition by_18_them to laugh. They have found that even
16、 if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce_19_effects_20_to those caused by laughter.文章大意：文章通过几个测试说明笑在人们日常生活中的作用：笑具有同体育锻炼类似的效果；笑可以减轻疼痛；笑在促进人体健康方面起着重要的积极的作用。1A.seriously BtrulyCsincerely Dcommonly答案：A 依据下文可知，这里表示很少有人去认真地看待这个谚语。take sth seriously 表示“认真对
17、待” 。2A.see into Bsee throughClook into Dlook up答案：C 从下文“They have found that laughter.”可推知，此处表示“医生们已经开始研究笑了” 。see into“调查” ；see through“看穿” ； look into“(深入地)调查，研究” ；look up“查询” 。3A.harm BstrengthCeffect Dgood答案：C “it has on the human body”为省略了关系词 that 的定语从句。have an effect on.意为“对有影响” ，是固定搭配。effect 在
18、此处作定语从句的先行词。4A.help BimproveCincrease Ddamage答案：B 由句意及搭配可知，答案选 B。improve 意为“改善，提高” 。此处意为“笑的确有助于人们的健康” 。其他选项均不符合句意。5A.carried away Bcarried offCcarried out Dcarried over答案：C 此处表示(医生)进行测试来观察笑对人体的作用。carry away“行走” ；carry off“赢得；获得 ”；carry out“执行；实施” ；carry over “继续存在；延期” 。6A.observed BnoticedClooked Dw
19、atched答案：D 此处表示“看电影 ”，动词应用 watch。7A.if BbutCwhile Dsince答案：C while 表示“当的时候” ，引导时间状语从句。8A.mental BphysicalCpractical Dcritical答案：B 从下文可知，笑具有同体育锻炼类似的效果。physical exercises 表示“体育锻炼” 。9A.slows BdecreasesCpromotes Dincreases答案：D 笑会使血压升高，心跳和呼吸加快。10A.works BrunsCrelaxes Doperates答案：A 此处 work 意为“使运动” ，强调“锻炼”
20、 ，与上文意思一致。11A.affects BmovesCexercises Ddrills答案：C 依据上文可知，笑有和体育锻炼类似的效果，12A.reduce BputCreproduce Dconduct答案：A 由下文的“can reduce pain”可知，答案选 A。此处表示笑似乎能减轻人身体上的疼痛。13A.stopped BproducedCstarted Dcut答案：B 从下面的测试看，这里应表示 “制造疼痛”(produce pain)。故答案选B。stop“停止 ”；start“开始” ；cut“切，割” ；均不符合句意。14A.refused BsufferedCac
21、cepted Dtolerated答案：D 从下文内容可知，此处选 D。tolerate 表示“忍受，忍耐 ”。15A.sleep BcryCcalmness Dlaughter答案：D 全文都在讲述笑在促进人体健康方面的作用。16A.pleasure BstressChappiness Dconcentration答案：B 用 stress“压力”与 pain 并列，保持语意的一致性。17A.fact BmatterCresult Dsign答案：C as a result of 意为“因为，由于” ，是固定短语。18A.encouraging BallowingCpermitting Df
22、orbidding答案：A 依据上下文可知，此处意为 “通过鼓励病人笑来改善他们的身体状况” 。19A.different BbeneficialCeffective Dharmful答案：B 此处用 beneficial，与第二段末“it must be beneficial”相呼应。20A.strange BenoughCfamiliar Dsimilar答案：D 此处表示“大笑与微笑所产生的效果相似 ”。.阅读理解阅读下面的文章，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。(2010天津)In the kitchen of my mothers houses there has
23、 always been a wooden stand(木架)with a small notepad(记事本)and a hold for a pencil.Im looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother.Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil，five houses later, the current paper and pencil look
24、the same as they always did.Surely it cant be the same pencil？ The pad is more modern，but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.“Im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.”I say to her，walking back into the livingroom with a sheet of
25、paper and the pencil.“You still use a pencil.Cant you afford a pen？”My mother replies a little sharply.“It works perfectly well.Ive always kept the stand in the kitchen.I never knew when I might want to note down an idea，and I was always in the kitchen in those days.”Immediately I can picture her，ha
26、ir wild，blue housecoat covered in flour，a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other，her mouth moving silently.My mother smiles and says， “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought，but the stand was empty.One of the children must have taken the paper.So I
27、just picked up the breadboard and worte it all down on the back.It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was，and is，as a gifted mathematician.I feel embarrassed that
28、 I complain about not having enough childfree time to work.Later，when my mother is in the bathroom，I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards.Sure enough，on the back of the smallest one，are some pencilled marks I recognize as mathematics.Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty
29、 years，rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard， invisible(看不到的)exhibits at every meal.1Why has the authors mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?ATo leave messages.BTo list her everyday tasks.CTo note down maths problems.DTo write down a flash of inspiration.答案：D 细节理解题。根据短
30、文第四段最后一句话 “I never knew when I might want to note down an idea.”可知。2What is the authors original opinion about the wooden stand?AIt has great value for the family.BIt needs to be replaced by a better one.CIt brings her back to her lonely childhood.DIt should be passed on to the next generation.答案：B
31、推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后一句话和第三段第一句话可推断，作者认为妈妈应该换掉了旧架子。3The author feels embarrassed for_.Ablaming her mother wronglyBgiving her mother a lot of troubleCnot making good use of time as her mother didDnot making any breakthrough in her field答案：C 细节理解题。根据短文最后一段第二句话 “I feel embarrassed that I complain about not h
32、aving enough childfree time to work”可知。4What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe mother is successful in her career.BThe family members like travelling.CThe author had little time to play when young.DThe marks on the breadboard have disappeared.答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一句话可知，妈妈作为一名天才数学家，是多么的不同寻常，在做饭的过程中进行数学演算，由此可知 A 项正确。5In the authors mind, her mother is_.Astrange in behaviourBkeen on her researchCfond of collecting old thingsDcareless about her appearance答案：B 语篇解读题。综观全文，在作者看来，妈妈在厨房中一直放有笔记本和铅笔，一想到问题就记录下来，然后进行研算，由此可知妈妈喜欢研究问题。
