1、全真题演练第一部分 简单句第一章 简单句的核心第一节 简单句的核心构成1. 主谓 主语 不及物动词(vi.)Smaller species survived. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014,Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)2. 主谓宾 主语 及物动词(vt.) 宾语Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Tex
2、t1)Many students experience both varieties. (2011, Reading Comprehension, PartB)very few women have 15 children. (2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)3. 主谓双宾 主语 及物动词(vt.) 两个宾语（人物）T
3、hey gave justices permanent positions.(2012, Use of English) railroadscharged all customers the same average rate. (2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)4. 主谓宾补 主语 及物动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语的补足语（简称宾补）You always keep your eyes open.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text1)The spooks call it “open source
4、intelligence,“.(2003, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)5. 主系表 主语 系动词 表语This is a dangerous game. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)考研真题中常出现的系动词，总结如下：系动词 表达含义 真题例句be 单独出现（无其他实义动词） “是”Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(2003, Translation)get/become/turn/go/grow“变得” their behavior b
5、ecame markedly different.(2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text1)look/sound/smell/taste/feel 感官动词 “看/听/ 闻/尝/ 感觉起来”They look cute. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartA, Text1)And most folks still feel pretty comfortableabout their ability.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)keep / remain/seem
6、appear/prove“保持着” “似乎” “证明出，显示出”The prospect seems remote. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.(2012, Translation)真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的种类。1. our president calls himself the Decider. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text
7、 1)主谓宾补2. The humiliation continues. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)主谓3. The computer is the 21st centurys culture machine. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)主系表4. poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. (2008, Translation)主谓双宾5. even the word “habit” carries a negative implica
8、tion. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)主谓宾第二节 简单句的核心变化一、 谓语动词的变化1. 谓语动词的时态“一般” 时态一般过去时：谓语动词 did（动词的过去式）Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence. (2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)6this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. (2014,Reading
9、 Comprehension, Part B)一般现在时：谓语动词 do / does （动词的原形或第三人称单数）So far the results are inconclusive. (2009, Use of English)But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapesaround sites. (2014, R
10、eading Comprehension, Part B)Today it makes almost no difference. (2000, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 2)Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. (2001,Translation)一般将来时：谓语动词 will + do 或 am / is / are going to + doWe will have a less civil society. (2004, Reading Comprehensi
11、on, Part A Text 4)I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)the problems will be different. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going tobe able to compete in such a
12、 rich and hotly-contested market. (2005,Translation)7（一般）过去将来时：谓语动词 would + do 或 was / were going to + doThey gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset thosein power .(2012, Use of English) it simply didn t foresee what would happen next. (2012, ReadingComprehension, Part A Te
13、xt 2)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors was going tobe the next casualty.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)“进行” 时态过去进行时：谓语动词 was / were + doingHe was searching for tiny engraved seals. (2014, Reading Comprehension,Part B)Within two weeks, he was talking for the fi
14、rst time with the board of HartfordFinancial Services Group. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)现在进行时：谓语动词 am / is / are + doingHome prices are holding steady in most regions. (2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Every cat with an owneris running a small-scale study in operantconditio
15、ning. (2009, Use of English)8将来进行时：谓语动词 will be + doing（其中 be 动词永远用原形 be）过去将来进行时：谓语动词 would be + doing（其中 be 动词永远用原形 be）以上两种时态在考研真题当中，几乎不出现，建议考研的同学们不用掌握。“完成” 时态过去完成时：谓语动词 had + doneHe had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth ofgambling. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B
16、)The interviewers had ratedapplicants on a scale of one to five.(2013, Use ofEnglish)he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changedduring the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008, Translation)Roman Catholicism had been the state religion. (2007, Use of English)现在完成时：谓
17、语动词 have / has + doneTimehas given them legitimacy. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text3)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become animportant issue recently.(2012, Use of English)For the most part, the response has been favorable. (2011, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text
18、 1)9Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success,and expansion abroad. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Families have also experienced changes these years. (2004, Use of English)将来完成时：谓语动词 will have + done relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital
19、 age will havearrived. (2001, Translation)“完成进行”时态现在完成进行时：谓语动词 have / has been + doing角度相同 都表示“现在的之前”两种时态 现在完成时have/has + done现在完成进行时have/has been + doing强调不同 强调结果（做完与否都可以） 强调过程例句 We have not won the match. We have been working hard forseveral months.That kind of electronic spying has been going on
20、for decades. (2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)10过去完成进行时：谓语动词 had been + doing将来完成进行时：谓语动词 will have been + doing以上两种在考研真题中没有出现过，不用掌握。真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并判断谓语动词的时态及时态表达的含义。1. A rec
21、eived one for its “one-click” online payment system. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2. insects would eat us up ifbirds failed to control them.(2010, Translation)3. I am going to suggest that it is not true. (2006, Translation)4. We will become a second-rate country. (2004, Reading Compre
22、hension, Part AText 4)5. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.(2006, Use of English)6. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. (2008, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)7. A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinkingseriously ab
23、out that question. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)8. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.(2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)119. By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had becomeindependent nations. (2007, Use of English)10. American
24、s life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. (2003,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)11. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the socialsciences too. (2012, Translation)12. for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up.(2000, R
25、eading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)2. 谓语动词的情态考研中常出现的情态动词如下：现在时 过去时must 无can Couldwill Wouldshall（考研真题中不常出现） Shouldmay Might以上几个情态动词详细用法如下：情态 含义 真题例句12动词must “必须” we must also tread with caution. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Scientists must communicate their message to thepublic in a compass
26、ionate, understandable way.(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)cancould“ 能 够 可以” and the right mental workoutscan significantlyimprove our basic cognitive functions.(2014, Use ofEnglish)Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improvemood.(2011, Use of English)willwould“ 愿 意 将要”（表示“将要”时
27、常用于将来时态）Will you marry me?The first draft will appear on the page. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)Potential home buyerswould cheer for lower interestrates. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)maymight“ 可 以 可能” expressionsmay influence emotions rather than justthe other way around.(2011,
28、 Use of English)Such bodily reaction might conceivably helpmoderate the effects of psychological stress.(2011,Use of English)should “应该” America should follow. (2014, Reading Comprehensi13on, Part A Text 2)Those suffering from persistent nightmares shouldseek help from a therapist. (2005, ReadingCom
29、prehension, PartA, Text3)除了表示“情绪和态度”之外，每一个情态动词都能表示推测：The details may be unknowable. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text4)Such searches can take years. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B) this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on ourprofessional, social, and personal
30、wellbeing. (2014, Use of English)情态动词的用法变体： the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleadinginterpretation of what happened.(2010, Use of English)Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. (2006, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并找到情态动词，写出
31、含义。1. Could it really be that simple? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)142. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. (2004,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)3. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.(2007, Translation)4. In su
32、ch a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick orthoughtful. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)5. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can iden
33、tify thesegments of European wholesaling . (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)3. 谓语动词的语态被动语态的构成：be + doneUnfortunately, these critics areforgotten. (2010, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)被动语态与时态的结合For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.(2010, Use of English)Our subway trains are
34、controlled by tireless robot-drivers. (2002, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)15The truth will not be known for years. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 4)But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)The study of law has been recogn
35、ized for centuries as a basic intellectualdiscipline in European universities. (2007, Translation)被动语态与情态的结合In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. (2013,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more
36、advanced races and societies. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part B)真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分， 并找到被动语态， 分辨被动是与时态还是情态相结合并理解其含义。1. “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. (2002, Use ofEnglish)2. Research institutions could be opened to tours.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)3. A gr
37、eat deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)164. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. (2006, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)5. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single to
38、pic. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their ownproducts. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)4. 谓语动词的否定American professors did not possess one. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)They do not fund peer-reviewed research. (2014
39、, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 3)To be sure, the future is not all rosy. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 3)With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor . (2002,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)average heighthasnt really changed since 1960. (2008, ReadingComprehensio
40、n, Part A Text 3)5. 补充：谓语动词的强调17Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: . (2006,Use of English)But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future (2005,Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)It did know he had a problem. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part
41、 B)二、 主语、宾语、表语的变化（一）名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语The process is natural selection. (2008, Use of English)But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)They financed them. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)（二）非谓语动词 doing 作主语、宾语1. doing 作主语suffering is inevitab
42、le. (2014, Translation)laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. (2011, Use ofEnglish)Making friends is extremely important to teenagers.(2003, Use of English)buthaving only a foggy view of the future is of little good. (2007, ReadingComprehension, Part B)182. doing 作宾语Americans st
43、opped taking prosperity for granted. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the brain. (2014, Useof English)（三）非谓语动词 to do 作主语、宾语、表语1. to do 做主语to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. (2009, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text
44、1)To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with thePuritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)It is important to do so.(2002, Use of English)It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today
45、. (2010, Translation)2. to do 作宾语They may then decide to go elsewhere. (2011, Reading Comprehension, PartB)19Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. (2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text2)The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar andemergency sign
46、als (2005, Use of English)3. to do 作表语The trick is to direct these funds better. (2013, Reading Comprehension, PartB) one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate betterprices with drug manufacturers. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartB)（四）并列多个主语宾语表语Science and technology would cur
47、e all the ills of humanity. (2013, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science,psychology, and sociology. (2003, Translation)That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreigncorporations run uncontrolled. (2001, Rea
48、ding Comprehension, Part A Text 2)it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback andconcentrating technique. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)20In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft. (2005, Reading Comprehension, Par
49、tA, Text4)The researchers mapped not only the citys vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part B)Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. (2014,Reading Comprehension, Part B)the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 1)todays immigration i
