1、tragedy n 悲剧,惨事【例】Hamlet is one of Shakespeares best known tragedies 哈姆莱特是莎翁最著名的悲剧之一hobby n 爱好baseball n 棒球【例】The heavy rain interrupted the baseball game 大雨中断了棒球比赛soccer n (美国) 足球volleyball n 排球chess n 国际象棋gym n 体育馆ameteur n 业余爱好者 a 业余的【例】an ameteur orchestra 一个业余的管弦乐队athlete n 运动员【例】a professional
2、 athlete 专业的运动员【派】athletic 运动的sportsman n 运动员【例】an all-round sportsman 一个全能的运动员amuse vt 逗笑、给提供娱乐【考】amuse oneself by doing sth 做某事来消遣【派】amused a 愉快的 amusement n 娱乐品entertain vt 招待;给提供娱乐【例】This hotel is famous for its entertainment 这家旅馆以它的殷勤待客闻名【派】entertainment n 娱乐relax vt (使) 放松,【例】A hot bath should
3、 help to relax you 一个热水澡有助于缓解疲劳【派】relaxed a 不严格的,不拘束的;relaxation n 放松skate vt 溜冰【例】The children skated on the frozen pond 孩子们在结冰的池塘上滑冰ski vi 滑雪 n 滑雪板refresh vt (使)恢复记忆,振作精神【考】refresh ones memory 重新唤起记忆enthusiastic a 热心的,热情的【例】All the staff are enthusiastic about the sports 所有职员都对体育感兴趣【派】enthusiasm n
4、 热情 巨大兴趣leisure a 空闲的 n 空闲时间【例】leisure time 空闲时间 at leisure 闲暇时prevalent a 流行的,普遍的【例】The color is prevalent in some countries 这种颜色在一些国家很流行slim a 苗条的,薄的【例】a slim waist 纤细的腰【派】slimmer n 减肥者fashionable a 流行的、普遍的【考】be in fashion 流行 be out of fashion 落后recreation n 娱乐,消遣【考】recreational activities 娱乐活动【派】
5、recreational a 娱乐的episode n 插曲,连续剧的一集【例】the first episode of the comedy 那喜剧的第一集series n 连续剧,一系列【考】a series of 一系列pop n 流行音乐【例】pop music 流行音乐movie n 电影【例】movie star 电影明星poster n 海报,招贴画【例】the poster for exhibition 展览海报spectator n 观众cartoon n 卡通 漫画【例】cartoon characters 卡通人物comedy n 喜剧【例】silent comedy 无
6、声喜剧短对话(short conversations) 题目序号: 11-18 所占比例:8%1、解题技巧:1.四个选项中如有两选项意思相反或相近,那么这两个选项更可能成为答案2.原文经常会把正确选项的词用同义词来替换长对话(long conversations) 题目序号:19-25 所占比例:7%社会问题:当代妇女、淡水资源紧缺、环境、交通、住房、假冒伪劣商品等;现代科技:电脑之类的现代科技发明等。2. 体裁从体裁上讲,写作部分考察的形式有议论文、说明文、记叙描述文和书信演讲类情景应用文。1)议论文主要分为提纲式议论文和标题式议论文两类。提纲式议论文根据题材可分为正反观点对比类型和原因现象
7、解释类型。如 2006 年 12 月真题就属于正反观点对比类型:1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会;2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会 ;3. 你的看法。而 2007 年 12 月的真题却属于原因现象解释型的议论文。1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例 标题式议论文的主要特点是论证说理,通常以某一名言警句或谚语为题目,要求考生们对其客观真理性加以阐述和论证。如 1997 年 1 月真题:Practice makes perfect2)说明文主要可以分为阐述主题型、利弊分析型、解决问题型:阐述主题型的如 1991 年 1 月真题:Bicycl
8、es-An Important Means of Transport in China.1. 为什么自行车在中国这样普及。2. 和汽车比较。3. 自行车在中国的前途。利弊分析型的如 1998 年 1 月真题:Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。解决问题型的如 2001 年 1 月真题:How to Succeed in a Job Interview?1. 面试在求职过程中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能
9、力、专业知识、自信、实事求是. . .3)应用文写作主要包括演讲词,导游解说词、求职求学信、投诉信和公告通知等(2004 年 6 月的导游词,2005 年 1 月的竞选演说词 )。3. 命题形式四级作文的命题形式是六种:中英文提纲式、情景式、图表式、段首句式、关键词式及标题式。在所有这六种形式中,提纲式所占比例最高,在 80%以上; 其次是情景式,2003 年 6 月开始,情景作文大量出现,命题人设定一个情景,让学生用所学的英语去处理一件假定的事情。(如 2003 年 6 月的车祸见证书,2003 年 9 月的同学生病 ),图表式作文只考过两次(1991 年 6 月 Changes in Pe
10、oples Diet 和 2002 年 6 月 Student Use of Computers)。考生们应在平素的练习中针对每一种体裁和形式作相应的练习以便熟悉各种命题的写作套路和方法。下面以 2006 年 6 月大学英语四级考试的作文为例,从审题、段落、句式和选词四个方面探讨英语四级作文的写作方法。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Students Selecting their Lecturers. You should write at Le
11、ast 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师;2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素;3. 学生自选任课老师的益处和可能产生的问题。范文On Students Selecting their LecturersWith the remarkable reform of higher education, students in some universities are entitled to choose their lecturers for certain design
12、ated courses for the flexibility and efficiency of their learning practice. This move has been welcomed by some students and has become the focus of students and teachers concern as well.Obviously, there are some factors that students take into consideration when choosing lecturers. First and foremo
13、st, the teacher should have a diverse academic background and excel at what he or she teaches. It is because a learned teacher can give students much knowledge in a specific field, help them widen their horizon and at the same time cultivate their potential. Moreover, quite a few students think it i
14、s essential that the teacher is humorous and passionate in teaching. The reason is that students will learn quickly and thoroughly when the class is enjoyable and when they are motivated to learn. In addition, a teacher who gives students high marks in exams and papers is preferred.Students free cho
15、osing of lecturers may have many advantages, such as encouraging students to take an active part in classes and promoting lecturers to improve their teaching quality. Good as selecting lecturers is, it also gives rise to many problems. For one thing, the management of classes may be in a disorder. S
16、ome teachers can be so warmly welcomed that the number of the students in his class may be too large while other courses may have few participants. For another thing, schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes and give high scores without much real content. Therefore further a
17、ttention should be paid to this phenomenon.解析:1) 审题。2006 年 6 月作文的题材是考查校园话题 -学生选择任课教师及其利弊分析 ;就体裁来说是经常考到的提纲式论说文,它要求考生们根据给出的题目(on the topic of students selecting lecturers)和提纲(1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师;2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素;3. 学生自选任课老师的益处和可能产生的问题),确定文章的中心思想,然后分段展开论述,表达提纲的主旨。2) 段落安排。提纲式论说文仍然符合四级写作的布局要求三段式作文
18、,提纲可以看作是分段点,即:第一段写第一点,第二段写第二点,第三段完成第三点。第一段是引言段,引出现在大学中存在的现象有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程任课老师,描述现状,引出主题。With the remarkable reform of higher education, students in some universities are entitled to choose their lecturers for certain designated courses for the flexibility and efficiency of their learning practice.
19、第二段是主体段,解释学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素,即他们选择什么样的老师和为什么做出这样的选择。根据前面提到的段落写作技巧,第一句话是这一段的主题句,可以对中文提纲进行翻译,并且稍加改动,如 Obviously, there are some factors that students take into consideration when choosing lecturers. 然后列举出几个较有代表性的理由,注意一定要在列举的几条理由前面加上表示层次关系的连接词来使文章思路清晰,逻辑层次清楚。如:First and foremost, the teacher should have a
20、 diverse academic background and excel at what he or she teaches. It is because, 接着阐述其它理由,如:Moreover, quite a few students think it is essential that the teacher is humorous and passionate in teaching.第三段是结尾段,讨论“学生选择老师 “这样一个校园话题的好处以及可能产生的问题。先写益处,如Students free choosing of lecturers may have many adv
21、antages, such as, 然后话题转折提出弊端 Good as selecting lecturers is, it also gives rise to many problems. For one thing 最后一句是结论句 Therefore further attention should be paid to this phenomenon3) 句型变换。全文长短句交错,句型富于变化。采用以简单句为基础,同时配以复杂句,如定语从句 a teacher who gives students high marks,主语从句 It is essential that 倒装句 G
22、ood as selecting lectures is 分词结构 when choosing lecturers4) 词汇运用。全文用词准确、规范,丰富,如“选择“ 可以用 choose 和 select;使用一些精彩的固定搭配,使文章增色不少,如 end up with, give rise to; 巧用过渡词,使文章衔接自然、紧凑,如 first and foremost, moreover, in addition, as, therefore,for one thing 等。英语四级考试在即,其中仔细阅读主要包涵三个题型,细节题、段落题及全文题。首先,细节题。细节题的特征如下:1、题
23、干出现文中具体的人、概念、时间等,2 、题干重现文中某句的信息,3、直接问某句某词或短语的意思。细节题题解题技巧如下:局限定位:在做题时一定要找准题干定位词,定位至句找出答案。三句原则:如果在定位句中找不出答案,在定位句前后找找,一般答案不会出这三句。正选优先:识别正确选项特征。好多学生看到这种说法可能会比较迷茫,下面我们一起来看一下英语四级仔细阅读正确选项及错误选项的特征。四级阅读细节题正确选项的特征:对应:选项对应自文中某句的信息,不含推理、无凭空臆想、忌照搬常识。改写:选项进行同义改写,没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换、句式变换、合理概括归纳。四级阅读细节题错误选项的特征:对应错
24、误:选项文章未提及或文章提及,但答非所问。改写错误:选项与原文相反、偷换原文概念、拼凑无关信息或与原文有偏差、过于绝对。第二,段落题。段落题特征如下:题干问整段大意、或从整段归纳及推理;题干只能定位至段、无法更细;题干问的某信息在某段中出现多次。四级仔细段落题解题技巧如下:找出段落重点句:段落重点局一般在段首、段末或者段中出现转折的话后面一句话,这几个地方出现有限信息的概率比较大。找出段落话题词:段落话题次就是段中重现多次的词。选项定位法(模糊的题 ):讲选项带回段中定位、比对,选出最佳答案。最后,全文题。全文题的特征是:题干问全文大意、全文意图、作者整体态度等,题干某信息全文分散出现多次,出现在最后一题,且定位模糊。全文题的解题技巧如下:开篇方式定中心:根据文章的开篇方式确定文章中心。直叙型/转折型/问答型/举例型。串联各段整中心:整合各段首句、话题,根据这些内容总结出文章中心。巧用别题猜中心:利用前面题目的信息推测中心。正确答案靠中心:议论文主要考文章的话题、态度,说明文主要靠文章的对象、特征。全文题大家比较容易过度推断或者遗漏条件,同学们在做这类提目时千万不要凭空猜测,一定要根据原文,做到有理可依。