1、专题 14 名从连词在短文填空中应用【理论回顾】1、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫_。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_、_、_和_。二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词可分为三类：_；_；_ 连词：that（无任何词意） whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像” ， “似乎” ） （以上在从句中均不充当任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which
2、,whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why3、连接词在各个从句中的语法功能1. that 引导主语从句时，置于句前不做任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不能省略。以 that 引出的主语从句，常以形式主语 it 引导。引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，可_。引导表语从句时不做任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用。 引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，不做任何成分，不能省略。2. if 不引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导表示“是否”的宾语从句，一般可与_互换。不充当成分，表示“是否”含义。3. whether 由 whether 及其他连词引
3、导的主语从句放在句首、句后都可以，不充当任何成分。whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句，一般可与_互换。当同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义时，用 whether 引导。表示“是否”含义。4. as if 在各个名词性从句中都表示“_” ，不充当成分。5. who 在各个名词性从句中都表示“_” ，可以作主语、宾语。6. whose 在各个名词性从句中都表示“_” ，作定语。7. what 在各个名词性从句中都表示“_” ，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。8. which 不引导同位语从句，在其他各个名词性从句中都表示“_” ， “什么” ，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。9. when 当
4、同位语从句意义不完整， 需增加“_”的含义时用 when 引导。在其他各个名词性从句中都作时间状语。10. where 当同位语从句意义不完整， 需增加“_”的含义时用 where 引导。在其他各个名词性从句中都作地点状语。 11. how 当同位语从句意义不完整， 需增加“_”的含义时用 how 引导。在其他各个名词性从句中都做方式状语。12. why 当同位语从句意义不完整， 需增加“_”的含义时用 why 引导。在其他各个名词性从句中都作原因状语。【想一想】连词 if 和 whether 什么时候不可以互换？【练一练】A 篇One day, Nick invited his friend
5、s to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly, he _1_ (find)that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son， “Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _2_ too little.”His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldnt p
6、ay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, _3_ not save a bit of money？” “That would be a very _4_(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours， ”Nick said.Nicks guests, _5_ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.
7、 Nick replied， “The only reason a man would sell salt _6_ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _7_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing cou
8、ldnt _8_ (possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only _9_ very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always _10_ (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._B 篇At one
9、point along an open highway，I came to a crossroad with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but _1_ I drove up to the light，it turned red，and I braked to a halt. I looked left, right，and behind me. Nothing， _2_ a car, no suggestion of headlights, but there I sat， _3_ (wait) the light to
10、change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering _4_I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of _5_ (catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop anywhere around and _6_ certainly would have been no danger in going _7_ it.Much later that night，the
11、_8_ question of why Id stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract(合同) we all have with each other. Its not only the law, but its an agreement we have，and we trust each other to honor _9_ ：We dont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more ready to b
12、e stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it _10_ by any law against it.1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._C 篇With the _1_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because _
13、2_ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following _3_: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off _4_ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does h
14、arm to their health _5_ to others. _6_ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight _7_ pollution. New fuel can be used to take _8_place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the _9_ (important) of environment and does something
15、to stop pollution, the problem will _10_ (solve).1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._【乐一乐】Be Careful What You Wish For 慎重许愿A couple had been married for 25 years and were celebrating their 60th birthdays, which fell on the same day. During the celebration a fairy appeared and said that because they h
16、ad been such a loving couple for all 25 years, she would give them one wish each.The wife wanted to travel around the world. The fairy waved her hand, and Boom! She had the tickets in her hand.Next, it was the husbands turn. He paused for a moment, then said shyly, “Well, Id like to have a woman 30 years younger than me.“The fairy picked up her wand, and Boom! He was ninety.一对结婚 25 周年的夫妻在庆祝他们六十岁的生日。他们恰好在同一天出生。庆祝活动中，一位仙女出现了。她说，由于他们是已经结婚 25 年的恩爱夫妻，因此她给许给这对夫妻每个人一个愿望。妻子想周游世界。仙女招了招手。 “呯!”的一声，她的手中出现了一张票。接下来该丈夫许愿了。他犹豫片刻，害羞地说， “那我想要一位比我年轻 30 岁的女人。 ”仙女拾起了魔术棒。 “呯!” ，他变成了 90 岁。
