1、专题 09 短文填空有法可依【理论回顾】1、语法填空概念1. 短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。2. 短文长度：约 200 词，一般不超过 12 句话，设 10 个空，句首不设空。 3. 短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。4. 考点设臵：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设 6-7 个小题；用所给的词填空题：设 3-4 小题。纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。5. 常常会出
2、现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写。2、语法填空做题原则语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。具体考点和命题特点如下：1每一个空格的设臵都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例 1：In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they _(allow) to attend weddings and some festi
3、vals. 【解析】因 allow 与 they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用 be allowed;由 had 和 left 可知 be 是过去式；主语是复数 they, be 的过去式应是 were, 答案就是 were allowed. 此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。例 2：The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 2.考虑语境。既然采用短文形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了，考生要想填出正确答案，至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑
4、关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。例 3：Several changes have brought wild animals to the _.Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts. 【解析】：在冠词 the 后必定是名词，再根据下句确定填 cities。本题若只根据设空格本身，而不阅读并理解下文。是无法填出正确答案的。3.考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，十个空格有可能涉及十个或十个以
5、上的语法点。至少也得有7 个语法点。因此，重复考查某项语法的可能性较小，填词相同的空格几乎没有可能。4.适当提示。涉及到动词的时态，语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变换的空格，要紧扣上下文的信息提示。例 4：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 【解析】reach 及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。用现在分词作状语，故填 reaching。例 5：It would be _(believe)
6、that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!3、语法填空基础考点考题一般涉及到的语法项目：1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语2）冠词的用法：有时要填的词是名词，但往往考的是冠词的用法3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词4）派生词的用法5）动词的适当形式（包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的用法等）6）情态动词的用法7）定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等8）代词的用法：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等【想一想】如果遇到纯空格试题，该怎么做？【练一练】A 篇While thousand
7、s of college students headed for warm climate to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans. The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair an area 1 (des
8、troy) by the hurricane. “I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldnt imagine 2 it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the 3 (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helplessness.” The group
9、 headed into Brooklyns Red Hook area, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met people from other parts of the country, 4 had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students 5 (work) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They put on protective suits and
10、 gloves 6 they entered the building.Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 7 (lie) all over the place.The students returned to school with 8 sense of achievement, a feeling 9 they helped people in need. It was remarkable how a community lo
11、st so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression 10 the students.1. _2._3._4._5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._B 篇( A student is talking with Professor Michael on friendship. )S= student; M=MichaelS: Professor Michael, nowadays many 1 (teenager) cant get along well with their frien
12、ds. Id appreciate 2 if you can give us some suggestions.M: Ok. First, friends with the same interests should be 3 (choose). Second, you should keep in touch 4 each other and sometimes you can tell him everything. Third, a real friend is always 6 (concern) about you. When you are in trouble, he can b
13、e the first 6 (give) you a hand. S: I see. But friendship gradually 7 (change) as we get older. What can we do with it?M: Of course, every coin has two sides, 8 there is no doubt that friendship means giving more, and good friends should be 9 (reliable) than other common friends even though they hav
14、e disagreements.S: I 10 (entire) agree with you.1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._C 篇All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language 1_ (consist) of the grammar and vocabulary 2_ (this) people brought to Britain. That is 3_
15、 English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. The development of English experienced three periods Old English, Middle English and Modern English. From the 5th to the 9th centuries, Britain was occupied by different groups from other countries, which led to Old English 4 _ (replace) Celt
16、ic. Old English, a mixture of different languages, differs 5_ todays English. Middle English is the name 6_ (give) to the English used from 7 _ (approximate) the 12th to the 15th centuries. During this period, French, though it didnt replace English, still made many 8 _ (contribution) to Middle Engl
17、ish. This resulted in more words with similar meanings. The words for the meat of these animals which 9_ (serve) to the Normans, came from Old French. Modern English appeared in the 16th century, which went through many changes during this period. The question of 10. _ English will keep on changing
18、in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue. 1. _2._3._4. _5._6. _ 7._8._9._10._【乐一乐】First FlightMr. Johnson had never been up in an airplane before and he had read a lot about air accidents, so one day when a friend offered to take him for a ride in his own small
19、plane, Mr. Johnson was very worried about accepting. Finally, however, his friend persuaded him that it was very safe, and Mr. Johnson boarded the plane. His friend started the engine and began to taxi onto the runway of the airport. Mr. Johnson had heard that the most dangerous part of a flight wer
20、e the take-off and the landing, so he was extremely frightened and closed his eyes. After a minute or two he opened them again, looked out of the window of the plane, and said to his friend, “Look at those people down there. They look as small as ants, dont they?“Those are ants,“ answered his friend. “Were still on the ground.“约翰逊先生从前未乘过飞机，他读过许多关于飞行事故的报道。所以，有一天一位朋友邀请他乘自己的小飞机飞行时，约翰逊先生非常担心，不敢接受。不过，由于朋友不断保证说飞行是很安全的，约翰逊先生终于被说服了，登上了飞机。他的朋友启动引擎开始在机场跑道上滑行。约翰逊先生听说飞行中最危险的是起飞与降落，所以他吓得紧闭双眼。过了一两分钟，他睁开双眼朝窗外望去，接着对朋友说道：“看下面那些人，他们看起来就象蚂蚁一样小，是不是？” “那些就是蚂蚁，”他的朋友答道， “我们还在地面上。 ”
