1、,John Snow defeats “King Cholera “,He was born and worked as a doctor in Great Britain . He was originally an anaesthetist (麻醉师),which means that he put people to sleep during operations .He also began to experiment using the same drugs to help women when they had babies .,Cholera is the illness cau
2、sed by a bacterium (细菌)called Vibrio(弧菌,一种S形霍乱菌) cholera. It infects peoples intestines(肠 ),causing diarrhea (腹泻), vomiting (呕吐)and leg cramps (抽筋). The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated (污染),菌,with the bacteria .Cholera can be mild (
3、温和的)or even without symptoms(症状) , but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. If an infected people is given fluids immediately after the first symptoms show up ,the disease can be completely cured .A mixture of sugar and certain salts that the body needs must be mixed with cle
4、an water and drunk in large amounts .In order to avoid the cholera ,please eat the food that has been thoroughly cooked and is still hot ,or fruit that you have peeled yourself . Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish . Avoid raw salads and vegetables .Avoid food and drinks from street vendors
5、(小贩).,Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. Put them in a logical order.,Make up a question,Find a problem,Collect results,Think of a method,Draw a conclusion,Analyse the results,Repeat if necessary,1 to sho
6、w sth that is usually hidden 2 take care, give attention, to be present at 3 to free from pain, worry ,or agitation 4a sudden increase / sudden start of sth 5 to take in and keep heat, light, energy, to take in a liquid ,gas or other substance from the surface or space around 6 extremely bad or seri
7、ous 7 very useful or important 8 to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad 9 to tell people sth officially ,esp about a decision 10 to tell sb to do sth, esp in a formal or official way,1 to show sth that is usually hidden 2 take care, give attention, to be present at 3 to free from pai
8、n, worry ,or agitation4a sudden increase / sudden start of sth5 to take in and keep heat, light, energy,to take in a liquid ,gas or other substance,expose to,attend,ease,outbreak,absorb,6 extremely bad or serious 7 very useful or important 8 to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad 9 t
9、o tell people sth officially ,esp about a decision 10 to tell sb to do sth, esp in a formal or official way,severe,valuable,blame,announce,instruct,Careful reading,Fill in the chart after reading the passage,John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.,The conclusion,Idea 2 because
10、 the data showed a connection with the water.,Idea 1 or 2? Why?,He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.,The results,Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.,The method,Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals,Idea 1:
11、 strange cloud in the air that attacked victims,The cause,Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.,The problem,By John Snow,Scientific Report,( ) 1. As a doctor, being able to attend Queen Victoria was an honourable thing at that time. ( ) 2. Although cholera couldnt be cured, its ca
12、use was known to people in the day of John Snow. ( ) 3. John Snow doubted the two theories explaining how cholera killed people, so he did investigation to test them. ( ) 4. The results wouldnt have been so clear without the map John Snow had drawn. ( ) 5. The polluted dirty water from the river was
13、 to blame for the disease.,Scanning: True or False,T,F,F,T,T,Careful reading,Read the passage again and answer these questions.,1. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?,2. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?,Two disea
14、ses, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.,John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases out
15、side the area to the polluted water.,No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.,Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.,Discussion,Homework:,Turn to page 47 writing skills,
