1、英语必修 5 人教新课标 Unit 1 同步自学学案（3）：阅读（二）及练习（附答案）Unit 1 Great scientists 第三部分 Reading 编写：王真子 审核：赵明依【学习目标】1. 知识与能力：复习掌握倒装句型、虚拟语气、分词做状语、with 的复合结构以及定语从句。2. 过程与方法：自主学习，任务性阅读3. 情感目标：了解科学家的人生以及在宗教盛行的时期，真理诞生是多么的不容易；培养学生对科学的热爱。【课前自学】a. What is the main idea of text 2?A. Copernicus worked out the theory that the
2、moon was the center of the solar system.B. Copernicus thought that the earth was the center of the solar system.C. Copernicus worked out the theory that the sun was the center of the solar system.D. Copernicus published his theory that the sun was the center of the solar system.b. the theory before
3、Copernicus theoryc. Copernicus theoryd. Why didnt Copernicus publish his theory?A. He thought it wasnt complete.B. He was cautious and didnt want to be attacked by the Christian Church.C. His friends stopped him from doing so.D. His body was becoming weaker and weaker.问题展示】a. Do you know the social
4、and history background of the birth of Copernicus theory.(选作 )b. What is the driect link between Copernicus theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.（选作）c. 你学过哪几种倒装句型？d. 回顾学过的运用虚拟语气的情况？e. 现在分词可担当句子的哪些成分？f. with + n./pron. + _构成复合结构？【拓展延伸】a. 找出文中出现的短语导致，引起_讲得通，有意义_有时_私
5、下向某人展示_围绕，环绕 _反对_以为基础_be enthusiastic about _be cautious of / about_be strict with sb._致力于_ be strict in sth. _b. 自己动手查一查1） make 的相关短语make for_ make up_ make uo for_be made up of _ _ make the best/most of _ make fun of_make room for _ make a difference_ make a fire_下定决心_ 制造噪音_ 谋生_ 犯错误_ 弄明白，查清楚_2） se
6、nse 的相关短语have a sense of (humour /direction)_ common sense_ make sense_ make sense of_There is no sense in doing sth._3） time 的相关短语at a time_ at one time_ at times_at no time_ in no time_ on time_ in time_all the time_ from time to time_提前_c. 重点句型1）_ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the ot
7、her planets in the sky _ _.只有把太阳放在那个位置，太空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。_ _ a teacher gives permissin _ a student allowed to enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。只有，只要_【注意】only 引导状语或状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。_ _ _he find out that his watch was missing.就是在昨天他发现手表不见了。就是靠努力工作她才取得成功。_.Only _(当战争结束时 ) in 1918 _ he _(be able to)
8、get back to work.【思考】But only his new theory could do that.此句为什么没用倒装？【区分】if only _，后使用虚拟语气。If only I _ see you tomorrow. 要是我明天能见到你就好了(与将来事实相反) 。If only I _ not come home alone.要是我不是一个人回的家就好了.( 和过去事实相反)。If only I _ a doctor.我要是个医生就好了 (和现在事实相反)。2）Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the po
9、werful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.would have done 表示本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，用来说明某一情况。I was busy that day. Otherwise I _ there with them. 否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。I _ the work, but I have been ill. 我本来该完成这项工作的。Without air, there _ no living things. 如果没有空气的 话，就不会有生物了。【拓展】n
10、eeednt have done_should / ought to have done_ shouldnt have done_could have done_3）So between 1510and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.gradually improving his theory 在句中作_，improve 与主语 he 是_关系，且分词动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。He worked late into the night,_.为老板准备一份报告
11、。Father wrote me a letter,_.鼓励我努力学习。4）He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going around it and only the moon still going round the earth.用 with 的复合结构完成下列句子：He lay there with his eyes _ (look) at the sky.The thief was brought in with his hands _(tie) back.With all
12、these mouth _ (feed), he didnt know what to do.The teacher came in with some textbooks _(拿着).When he is eating, he doesnt speak with his mouth _(满是) food.He left with all the lights_(开着).根据上面的句子，我们可知 with 的复合结构为 with + n./pron. +_.在句中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。【练习】_ production up by 60%, the company has
13、had another excellent year. (2000 全国) A. As B. For C. With D. Through With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002 上海) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5）Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe a
14、re built.on which 引导的是_从句，先行词是_。介词+which / whom 引导从句时，介词的选择需观察该介词和先行词之间是否存在正确的介宾搭配关系。This is the village _ _ he was brought up.I dont believe the reason _ _ he was late.This is the girl _ _ I share the same room.【课堂检测】1)Come on ,please give me some ideas about the projects.Sorry. With so much work_m
15、y mind .I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filling2) With nothing_to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.A. leaving B. left C. leave D. toleave3) I live in the house with its door_to the south.（这里 with 结构作定语）A. facing B. faces C. faced D. being faced4) You _ all
16、those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. neednt have done B. must not have doneC. shouldnt have done D. can not have done5) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day.A. must have done B. would have done C. shoul
17、d have done D. may have done 6) The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which7) The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C . with which D. with whom8) This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. w
18、here they stayed at D. where they stayed9) It _ to chat online all day long. Youd better do something else.A. makes no sense B. makes no difference C. makes sense D. makes difference10)_you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. only if, will you B. only if, you will C. unle
19、ss, will you D. unless, you will11) What led you _that he is a dependable man?A. believing B. to believe C. to believing D. believe12)_ I used to go mountain-climbing every summer.A. At a time B. At one time C. At times D. At the same time13)Dont sit there _ nothing, come and help me with the table.
20、A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing1. 课后作业1） 背过本学案中 4 延伸拓展中的 a 和 b 部分中出现的短语及 c 部分中的五个重点句型。2） 自学语法部分并完成相应学案。3）阅读理解。Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as
21、 the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still， the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“Storm at Sea”， a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as
22、one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot rest To the east must thunder on Where the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oceans breast.As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves
23、， impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling ，crashing，and whistling.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly
24、 perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub-ocean vitality.And it has a psychol
25、ogy.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.1Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is _.Aalways energetic Blacking in livelinessCshaped like a square Dfavored by ancient poets解析 细节理解题。从第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，w
26、hich seem strangely still， the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃) 与energetic 近义，故答案为 A 项。答案 A.。2What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?ATo describe the movement of the waves.BTo show the strength of the storm.CTo represent the power of the oce
27、an.DTo prove the vastness of the sea.解析 推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests ，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。答案 C.。3What does the underli
28、ned word “symbiotic” mean?ALiving together. BGrowing fast.CMoving harmoniously. DBreathing peacefully.解析 词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的 mix within 等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故 A 项符合要求。答
29、案 A.。4In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to _.Aa beautiful and poetic placeBa flesh and blood personCa wonderful worldDa lovely animal解析 推理判断题。从最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。答案 B.。
