1、欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ 答:先提高阅读能力。问:如何提高阅读能力? 答:单词;精读;泛读。这是一个困扰了无数考研学子的问题,众所周知,得阅读者得天下,然而要真正提高阅读分数必先真正提高阅读能力。因此,多年来,我始终倡导,要真正搞懂吃透考研历年英语的真题,在考研英语这个科目中得高分就必须对这些试卷进行“超精细阅读” 。所谓超精细阅读,就是非常精细的阅读,是一字不漏,通晓全文的精读。要真正做到“细读” ,必须做到如下三点: 第一,真题中没有一个单词是生词。这一标准强调的是词汇。对于一个单词的形(拼写) 、音(发音) 、义(含义) ,我们要有一个从认知到应用的转变。考研英语,并不要求同
2、学们有海量的词汇储备,而是要求对词汇的一词多意,熟词生意和衍生词有深刻的把握。 第二,真题中没有一个句子是难句。在复习的过程中,同学们如果能做到过去十年的考研真题中,任意挑出一个句子,就立刻能够看懂它,并把它翻译成汉语,那么我坚信考研英语必然能得高分。 第三,任何一道选择题,真正吃透正确选项为什么对,错误选项为什么错。选择题的基本命题理念,就是用一些错误的选项来干扰大家的思路,从而考察大家在对和错之间的选择。我们如果想一步一步地修正自己的做题思路,让自己的思路和命题专家的思路高度统一,就必须不仅知道正确选项其正确在什么地方,而且还要明晰错误的选项凭什么错,只要经过认真系统的准备,才能实现眼中只
3、有正确答案的境界! 因此,在考研英语复习的基础阶段,同学们应该坚持每天超精细阅读一篇文章(基础阶段可以按照计划重复精读 90 年到 2000 年十年真题的文章) ,在真题中复习核心词汇,复习核心语法及长难句,并培养良好的语感和做题状态,提高阅读速度,迅速把握文章的主题。 为了便于大家用超精细阅读的方法复习,结合多年授课的经验,我特意编写了这本考研英语十年真题超精读考案(基础篇) ,每篇考研文章均给出了核心词汇详解、长难句精译、全文翻译及思路解析。不谓呕心沥血,也称得上汗水之作,望诸君善待。祝大家考研成功。编者 2011 年 1 月 1 日欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ 1目录 21990
4、 年阅读理解 .3Passage 1 3Passage 2 7Passage 3 111991 年阅读理解 .14Passage 1 14Passage 2 18Passage 3 231992 年阅读理解 .27Passage 1 27Passage 2 31Passage 3 361993 年阅读理解 .40Passage 1 40Passage 2 45Passage 3 501994 年阅读理解 .55Passage 1 55Passage 2 60Passage 3 64Passage 4 69Passage 5 731995 年阅读理解 .78Passage 1 78Passage
5、 2 83Passage 3 87Passage 4 92Passage 5 971996 年阅读理解 .101Passage 1 101Passage 2 105Passage 3 110Passage 4 115欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ 5 1201997 年阅读理解 .124Passage 1 124Passage 2 128Passage 3 132Passage 4 136Passage 5 1411998 年阅读理解 .145Passage 1 145Passage 2 149Passage 3 154Passage 4 159Passage 5 1631999 年阅读
6、理解 .167Passage 1 167Passage 2 172Passage 3 177Passage 4 182Passage 5 1872000 年阅读理解 .192Passage 1 192Passage 2 198Passage 3 204Passage 4 208Passage 5 214欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ 年阅读理解Passage 1In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-mo
7、nth and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earths size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of appro
8、ximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earths twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to t
9、hat is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities
10、to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earths oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In
11、addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.核心词汇详解release rilis v. 放出,释放object bdikt n.物体;对象; 客体;目标; 意向; 目的;宾语.bd ekt vi.不赞成, 反对; 抗议 vt.以为理由反对atmosphere tmsfin.大气, 大气层;空气;气氛, 环境c
12、onsist knsistvi.组成, 构成;在于, 存在于justify dstifaivt.证明有理; 为辩护fundamental fndmentladj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的 n.基本原则, 基本法则欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ rdikliadv.根本地 , 基本地; 彻底地, 完全地;激进地 , 激进派地academic kdemikadj.学校的, 学院的;学术性的;纯理论的, 不切实际的; n.大学教师; 专业学者simplify simplifaivt.使(某事物)简单 简明; 简化distribute distribju:tvt.分配 , 分给;散发; 散播;
13、 分布Nonexistent nnizistntadj.不存在的,不现存的,n.不存在的事物Mechanism meknizmn.机械装置;构造, 机制;办法, 技巧, 途径phase feiz n. 阶段 vt.分阶段计划 安排density densiti n. 密度approximately prksimitli ad. 大概,大约leisurely li:li, le- ad. 慢慢地,悠然地All but 几乎nickname nikneimn.绰号, 诨名; 昵称shuttle tl n. 返汽车( 列车,飞机 );航天飞机,航天器 vt. 主要的 n. 负责人, 校长prejud
14、ice predudis n.成见, 偏见, 歧视 vt.使有偏见procession prsen n. 队伍,行列Institute institju:t vt. 建立, 制定; 开始, 着手 n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院constitute knstitju:tvt. 构成, 组成;建立, 制定breakthrough n. 突破avenue vinju: n. 林荫道,大街chief ti:f n. 首领parading preidi a. 游行的slogan slun n. 标语,口号province prvins n.(单数,正式)知识(或兴趣、职责)范围,领域bargaini
15、ng b:ini n. 议价,交易go into business 从商、经商欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central R
16、ome.该句主干为“be said+不定式完成式 ”的结构:Italys political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been puzzled to see,不定式的核心结构 be puzzled to see sth,第一个 that 引导的宾语从句做 see 的宾语,该从句中又嵌套了一个 that 引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词 procession。翻译:据说,当看到这个由 200,000 名妇女组成的游行队伍跟在这拖拉机后面竟用了三个多小时才蛇行穿过罗马市中心时,意大利的政治领袖们和该国一
17、些男性联盟主席感到更困惑。2. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace.该句的主干 The employment of women is expanding,介词短语 in services 做状语,表示“在服务行业” 。形容词短语 next to 做后置定语,修饰名词 services,相当于一个定语从句 which is next to as their
18、principal workplace,意为“ 作为她们(女性)的主要工作领域仅次于” 。翻译:服务行业的女性员工的人数正大幅攀升,仅低于公共管理和商业领域内女性员工的数目。3. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared, so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.该句的主干为 It is
19、 also a fact that ,其中 it 为形式主语,that 引导的主语从句为真正的主语。该主语从句是个主从复合句,其中 so that 引导结果状语从句。该状语从句的主干结构为 banks and other financial institutes make judgments,介词短语 without caring 做状语。If 引导的从句做 caring 的逻辑宾语。翻译:事实上,现今许多针对女性的歧视也消失了,银行和其他的金融机构的判断完全是基于商业目的而不关心其员工的性别。全文翻译当看到一个女人驾着一辆橙色的巨型拖拉机沿着罗马的一条主街行驶时,游客们都感到很诧异。据说,当
20、看到这个由 200,000 名妇女组成的游行队伍跟在这拖拉机后面竟用了三个多小时才蛇行穿过罗马市中心时,意大利的政治领袖们和该国一些男性联盟主席感到更困惑。这些喊着口号,挥动着旗子还踏着鼓点前行的女性是从意大利各地聚集到首都的,她们游行示威以争取“人人有工作,工作多样化,以及社会无暴力。 ”到目前为止,提高妇女的就业机会已成为企业劳资谈判的话题。一位在政府资助的“劳工专业培训发展机构”中女性劳工部门工作的研究人员表示“光是认识上的不断提高还是不够的。 ” 如今,女性人口占了意大利人口总数的 52%,却只占全国工人总数的 35%,占意大利就业总人数的 33%。但是,女性员工的人数却不断上升。服务
21、行业的女性员工的人数正大欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ The expression “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move _.14. “snake through central Rome”表达的含义可能是_。A quietly through central Rome.” A 安静地穿过罗马市中心B violently through central Rome.” B 狂怒地穿过罗马市中心C in a long winding line through central Rome.”C 以漫长而曲折的路线穿过罗马市中心
22、D at a leisurely pace through central Rome.” D 闲庭信步般穿过罗马市中心分析本题考查的知识点是:根据上下文推测词义。动词 snake 的意思是由其名词释义 “蛇”的生理特性演变而来,意为 to move like a snake, in a long twisting curves,即“曲折前行,蛇行” 。 C选项中的 in a long winding line 对应 in a long twisting curves,故正确。A、D选项分别错在 quietly 和 at a leisurely pace。由第二段第一句可知,这 20 万人的游行
23、队伍是喊着口号、挥动着旗子还踏着鼓点穿过罗马市中心的,因此不可能是“安静的”或“闲庭信步的” 。文中并未指出游行队伍同任何机构或团体产生冲突,因此谈不上是violently,故排除 B选项。15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?15. 下列哪一项说法是不正确的?A There are more women than men in Italy. A 在意大利女性人数要多于男性。B In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.B 在意大利,女性主要从事服务行业。C In Italy,
24、 women are still at a disadvantage in employment.C 在意大利,女性在就业方面仍处于劣势。D In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.D 在意大利,大约三分之二的工作被男性把持着。分析 本题考查的知识点是:事实细节。文章第三段句指出,服务行业的女性员工的人数正大幅攀升,仅低于公共管理和商业领域内女性员工数目。可知,在意大利,女性员工数目最多的三个领域分别是公共管理、商业、服务业,即服务行业的女性员工的数目排在第三位。故B选项错误。文章第三段句指出,在意大利,女性人口占全国总人口
25、的 52%但却只占意大利工人总数的 35%。可知,在意大利女性确实要比男性多但全国三分之二的工作被男性把持着。第五段句指出,虽然女性就业情况得到了改善但状况还远不尽人意,即,在意大利女性欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ About 200,000 women in Rome demonstrated for _.16.约 200,000 名在罗马示威争取_。A more job opportunities A 更多的工作机会B a greater variety of jobs B 更多类型的工作C “equal job, equal pay” C“同工同酬”D both A and B
26、D A和B 选项的内容分析 本题考查的知识点是:具体细节。文章第二段句指出了 20 万女性从全国各地聚集到意大利首都,他们示威的口号是“人人有工作,工作多样化,以及社会无暴力。 ”即她们争取的是更多的工作机会、更多类型的工作以及一个没有暴力的社会。D选项是对示威口号前两句的概括,故正确。A、B 选项都只概括了示威口号的一部分。C 选项无中生有, “同工同酬”并非是这次示威的口号。17. The best title for this passage would be _.17. 本文最好的标题是_。A The Role of Women in Society A 女性在社会中的作用B Wome
27、n Demonstrate for Equality in EmploymentB 女性争取就业平等C Women as Self-employed Professionals C 作为自由职业者的女性们D Women and the Jobs Market D 女性与工作市场分析本题考查的知识点是:文章主旨。文章前两段指出了意大利 20 万女性的示威游行活动,目的是要争取更多的工作机会、工作性质的改变以及一个没有暴力的社会。第三、四段通过数据指出了虽然女性在工作机会上处于劣势,但状况却在不断的改善。第五段总结全文,指出女性的就业状况虽有所改善,但结果却不尽人意,仍需要改革突破。可见,全文主要
28、是围绕意大利女性争取就业平等而展开的,故B选项正确。A选项无中生有。文章只涉及了意大利女性就业情况的变化并未涉及其在社会中的作用。C 是根据原文词汇 self-employment 和 professions 编造的干扰项。 D选项无中生有。文章并未谈及工作市场,故可排除。Passage 3The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unf
29、ounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had a
30、s children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of thes
31、e had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional 欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, s
32、cholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strang
33、e, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.核心词汇详解Subject to 容易遭受talent tlnt n.天资, 才能;人才outstanding ,autstndi adj.突出的; 杰出的;地位显著的 ; 为人瞩目的gift iftn.礼物 , 赠品;天赋 , 天才occupation ,kjupein n.工作; 职业;消遣;占领literary litrriadj.文学(上)的;精通文学的despite dispaitprep.不管, 尽管unfounded nfan
34、dd a. 无理由的;没有建立的semiprofessionalsmiprfnl, sma- n.半职业性选手或运动员 adj.半职业性的follow up 跟踪,监督 drop out 退学patent peitnt n. 专利权,专利品comparative kmprtiv a. 比较的,相当的promise prmis n. 获得成功的迹象 vt. 答应长难句精析1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to
35、failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ The old idea that is unfounded,其中 that 引导的从句做主语名词 The old idea 的同位语。该从句的主干为 talented children “burn themselves out” and are subjected to failure and mental illness。翻译:聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽”从而变得一事无成甚至患有精神疾病,这种旧有的说法是没有根据的。2. As a matter of
36、fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.该句的主干为 the outstanding thing that is that 。第一个 that 引导定语从句,修饰主语名词 the outstanding thing,第二个 that 引导表语从句。翻译:事实上,聪明的孩子的杰出之处在于他们很可能在成年后还是很聪明的。3. Average income was considerably higher among t
37、he gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.该句主干为 Average income was considerably higher than (that) for the country as a whole,短语 among the gifted people, especially the men 和 for the country as a whole 是相比较的范围。介词短语 despite 做让步状语。翻译:这群天资禀赋之
38、人,尤其是其中的男人,虽然比较年轻,但与全国其他人相比,他们的平均收入却高得多。全文翻译聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽”从而变得一事无成甚至患有精神疾病,这种旧有的说法是没有根据的。事实上,聪明的孩子的杰出之处在于他们很可能在成年后还是很聪明的。为了验证这一结论,实验跟踪监测了 1,500 名有天赋的人,这个实验一直进行到他们35 岁为止,结果发现:在成人智力测试上,他们的得分同他们孩提时的得分一样高。作为一个群体,他们身心状况良好。在这个群体中,有 84%的人已经结婚了而且似乎对自己的生活感到满意。虽然只有 30%的人是优秀毕业生,但大学毕业的人数约为 70%。虽然有几个人曾中途退学,但是其中
39、将近一半的人又重新返回了学校并毕业。其中男性中的 80%的人在专业领域、企业管理或是半专业领域里从事工作。而其中仍为单身的女性也在办事处、企业或专业领域工作。这群人已经编著了 90 本书并在科学、学术以及文学杂志上发表了 1500 篇文章以及拥有 100 多项专利权。在现实生活中,他们也表现良好。这群天资禀赋之人,尤其是其中的男人,虽然比较年轻,但与全国其他人相比,他们的平均收入却高得多。事实上,不足为奇,大多数的天才都会将其早年的迹象转化为现实。思路透析18. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the e
40、arly years is _.18. 聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽“这种旧有的说法_。A true in all senses A 在任何意义上来说都是正确的B refuted by the author B 被作者驳斥了欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ medically proven C 是有医学根据的D a belief of the author D 是作者的一种信仰分析本题考查的知识点是:文章主旨。作者开篇表明自己的观点:聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽”从而变得一事无成甚至变得精神失常,这种旧有的说法是没有根据的。并在下文通过对 1500 名天才的检测调查证明了该观点的正确性。u
41、nfounded 即表明作者是否定这种说法的,故 B选项正确。A选项反向干扰。 C选项反向干扰,文章开篇即指出聪明的孩子年少时就“江郎才尽”的说法是没有根据的。D选项反向干扰,根据上面的分析可知作者是批驳这种说法的,因此其不可能是作者的信仰,故排除。19. The survey of bright children was made to _.19. 对聪明的孩子进行调查是为了_.A find out what had happened to talented children when they became adultsA 查明这些有天赋的孩子成年后的状况如何B prove that ta
42、lented children “burn themselves out” in the early yearsB 证明聪明的孩子年少时就会“江郎才尽”C discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the giftedC 得到这些天才儿童中患精神疾病的人的比例D prove that talented children never burn themselves outD 证明天才儿童永远都不会“江郎才尽”分析本题考查的知识点是:写作目的。文章第二至五段详述了对 1500 名天才儿童进行跟踪检测,得到他们成年后在生活、学习、工作、成
43、就和薪酬等方面的具体情况,从而证明聪明的孩子很可能在成年后还是很聪明的。可知,调查的直接目的就是为了查明天才儿童成年之后的状况如何,故A选项正确。B选项反向干扰。作者在第一段就驳斥了这种说法,引用实验的目的是为了证明这种说法的错误性。C选项是根据原文词汇 gifted, mental illness , percentage 编造的干扰项,且文章第三段句(They were, in good health, physically and mentally.)也否定了这一说法。D选项过于绝对且无法推知。实验并没有指出所有的天才儿童长大之后都会很有才华,另外对实验对象的跟踪测试一直进行到他们 35
44、 岁为止,因此对于天资禀赋之人 35 岁后的情况无法推知。20. Intelligence tests showed that _. 20. 智力测试表明_。A bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthyA 聪明的孩子是不可能精神正常的B between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligenceB 从孩提到成年智力丧失很严重的C talented children were most likely to become gifted ad
45、ultsC 天才儿童成年后最可能成为有才华的人D when talented children grew into adults, they made low scoresD 当天才儿童成年后很难取得成就分析本题考查的知识点是:具体细节。根据关键词定位到文章第三段。该段句指出,在成人智力测试上,孩提时智商很高的人在成年后同样会取得很高的分数。紧接着在下文指出这些孩子成年后在生活,学习,工作以及所取得的成就等方面也是十分突出的。由此可知,智力测试表明了天才儿童成年后也最可能成为有才华的人,C选项正确。欢迎访问陈正康老师博客 http:/ 年阅读理解Passage 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good