1、动词时态、语态 【要点点拨】一、时态（一） 现在进行时用法注意点：1.状态性动词不用进行时态，包括（1）be 和 have,或者含有 be 和 have 意义的动词，如：belong to, contain, depend on, own, possess 等；（2）feel, sound, smell, taste 等连系动词；（3）hear, see, find 等表示结果的动词；（4）表示心理或情感状态的动词，如：believe, love, want, understand, wish 等；2.进行时态和副词 always, forever 等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞扬、批
2、评、不满、抱怨等；（二） 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：1.过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果；如：She was writing a report last night and I dont know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在写)She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚写了，并且写好了）2.过去进行时与 always, forever 等词连用表示一定的感情色彩； He was always throwing things about. (表示
3、不满或讨厌)（三） 将来时的几种表达：A B C Dbe going to表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时，主语只能是人说话人说话之前已考虑过的主语是物时，表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事不能用于含有条件句的主句中will表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿”说话人说话时刻才考虑到的表示客观规律必然发生的可用于含有条件句的主句或从句中表示“ 意愿”be to 表示安排、计 划要做的事与第二人称连用，表示转述第三者的话表示命令，相当于should / must表示“ 能”“ 该”“想要 ”“注定、不可避免”be about to表示动作马上发生；句中不能再加 at once, immed
4、iately 和表示具体时间的词语；常有“be about towhen”结构；还可用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将来发生的动作；（四） 将来进行时与将来完成时：1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作，结构为：will / shall be doing2.将来完成时表示到将来某时刻某动作已发生，结构为：will / shall have done,时间状语为：by+ 表将来时间的词语；如：Ill be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow.By the time he graduates from the college,
5、 he will have learned three foreign languages.（五） 现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点：1.瞬间性动词与延续性动词的正确使用：与 how long, for, since 等表示一段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词，如：buy-have, keep-borrow, die-be dead, marry-be married, begin-be on, begin to know-know 等；2.注意 have / had been to 与 have/ had gone to 的区别；3.现在完成时用在时间、条件等状语从句中，表示从句中的动作在主
6、句动作前完成，如：If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.4.by+过去时间状语用过去完成时；5.有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望，这类动词为：think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose 等；I had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.（六） 现在/过去完成进行时的用法：强调动作延续到说话时且还在进行；结构：have (has) / had been
7、doing比较：They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)They have been repairing the road. （表示路还在修）有时两者可替换：She has taught in this middle school for ten years.She has been teaching in this school for ten years.注意：完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用，如：finish, go, marry 等；（七） 某些固定句型中时态是固定的：1.This / That / It is the first time +从句（用现在
8、完成时）2.Its / has been +一段时间+since 从句（用过去时）3.Hardly / No sooner had sb. done when / than +从句（用过去时）4.It will be +一段时间+before 从句（用一般现在时）/ It was +一段时间+before 从句（用过去时）5. Its time+从句（用过去时或 should do）6.would rather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时）Its getting late. Id rather you took a taxi there.The film was boring. Id ra
9、ther I hadnt gone to see it.二、语态1.动词 sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run 等与 well, smoothly, easily 等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点 ”，用主动代替被动；2.表示状态特征的连系动词如 smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove 等用主动语态表示被动意义；3.不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go out
10、（熄灭）, come out（出版） , come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur 等；4.当 want, require, need 作“ 需要”解，后接 doing/ to be done 作宾语，此时动词 do 与主语为动宾关系；5.be worth 后接 doing 作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义；6.不定式 to let（出租）, to blame（该受责备）表示被动意义；7.在“ 主语 +be+形容词（for sb.）+to do”结构中，t
11、o do 用主动形式；8.在“ 主语 +谓语+宾语（名词）+ 动词不定式 to do（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与 to do为主谓关系时，此动词不定式用主动形式；如：I have a meeting to attend.【各个击破】1. -I took a photo of you just now.-Really? I _ with attention.A. didnt look B. wasnt looking C. am not looking D. havent looked2. -You havent said a word about my new hair-sty
12、le. What do you think of it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty.A. dont say B. wasnt saying C. didnt say D. havent said3. -Can I help you, Madam?-No, thanks. I _.A. have just looked around B. just look aroundC. am just looking around D. just looked around4. -That fam
13、ous cherry trees _ because of pollution.-Yes, we have to do something to save it.A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying5. She ought to stop reading; she has a headache because she _ too long.A. had read B. read C. is reading D. has been reading6. -Youre talking too much.-Only at home. No one
14、 _ me but you.A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard7. -What have you been doing? I asked you a question. Why didnt you answer?-Sorry, I _ to the news on the radio.A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. had listened8. -You should have told him the date earlier.-I_, but he forgot abou
15、t it.A. did B. have C. had D. should have9. -You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics.-Really? Oh, a whole night _. Why didnt you tell me earlier?A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted10. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ him but failed.A. hel
16、d B. had held C. would hold D. was holding11. You _exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise?A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing12.-What were you up to when she dropped in?-I _ for a while and _some reading.A. was playing; was going to do B. played
17、; didC. had played; was going to do D. had played; did13.Until then I _ for him for hours in his office.A. waited B. was waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting14. -Did you see Marty in the managers office?-Yes, he _ by the manager.A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questi
18、oned D. was questioned15. Look at this ! I _ some magazines and _ this card!A. was looking through; found B. am looking through; had foundC. looked through; had found D. had looked through; finding16. -Toms wife took the place of him to attend the conference.-I would rather Tom _ there, not his wife
19、.A. had been B. have been C. was D. went17. -Listen!-I _ but I _ anything at all.A. listened; have heard B. have listened; hearC. was listening; wasnt hearing D. am listening; dont hear18. The shop assistant promised me that the material _ and what she said _ to be true.A. would be dried easily ; wa
20、s proved B. will be dried easily; was provedC. dried easily; proved D. was dried easily; proved19. -What place is it?-Havent you seen that we _ back where we _?A. were, had been B. are, were C. were, have been D. are, had been动词时态和语态高考真题练习（09 安徽）1. Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time
21、 next week.A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying（09 安徽）2 But for their help，we the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished（09 北京）3. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being A. came B. was
22、coming C. had come D. would come （09 北京）4. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up , her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang （09 北京）5. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to s
23、chool. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take （09 福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted（09 福建）7. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through
24、 their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes （09 湖南）8Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _I want to listen.A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast（09 湖南）9. The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right
25、 place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing（09 江西）10. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were（09 江西）11. - What is the price of petrol these days -Oh, it _ sharply since last
26、 month.A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased （09 江西）12. -Do you want a lift home? -Its very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _. A. doesnt go off B. wont gone C. wasnt going off D. didnt go on （09 海南）13. His sister
27、left home in 1998, and since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of（09 海南）14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known（09 山东）15. The number of foreign students attending Chinese un
28、iversities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been （09 山东）16. I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 09 陕西）17. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is
29、going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to09 陕西）18. This is the first time went a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen （09 上海）19. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets _out. A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. w
30、as selling （09 四川）20. Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it _. A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 09 四川）21. You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studi
31、ed 22. My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live（09 浙江）23 What do you think of the movie? Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning of it.A Missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss（09 重庆）24. She star
32、ed at the painting, wondering where she _it. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen （09 重庆）25. Ive got to go now. Must you? I_ you could stay for dinner with us. A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking （09 全国 2 ）26. Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished
33、on time.A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be（08 全国 I 卷）27. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined（08 全国 I 卷）28. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expected B. is expe
34、cting C. expects D. will be expected（08 安徽卷）29. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match.A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played（08 安徽卷）30. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A. taught B. have taught C.
35、are taught D. have been taught（08 福建卷）31. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen（08 湖南卷）32. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A. was talking B. has b
36、een talking C. has talked D. talked （08 湖南卷）33. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary.A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered（08 江苏卷）34. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so. He _ for it for months.A. is preparing B
37、. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing（08 山东卷）35. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked（08 江西卷）36. Do you think we should accept that offer?- Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck
38、 up till now, and time _ out.A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run（08 辽宁卷）37. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know（08 辽宁卷）38. Have you got any job offer
39、s?No. I _.A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting(08 全国 II)39. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining（08 陕西卷）40. The moment I got home, I found I _ my jacket on the playground.A. had left B. left
40、C. have left D. was leaving(08 全国 II)41 If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing（08 陕西卷）42. Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invitedA. were B. have been
41、C. has been D. was（08 陕西卷）43. Though we dont know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic_ .A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed(08 四川卷) 44. The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung（08 浙江卷）45. I dont beli
42、eve youve already finished reading the book I _it to you this morning!A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent（08 浙江卷）46. Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested（08 北京卷）47. Have you read book called Wa
43、iting for Anya?Who _ it?A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written（08 北京卷）48. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels.A .was staying B, stayed C. would stay D. had stayed（08 北京卷）49. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
44、A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made（08 天津卷）50. He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played（08 重庆卷）51. Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year.A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet（08 重庆卷）5
45、2. He _ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded（08 重庆卷）53. Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage(08 上海卷) 54. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air!A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates(08 上海卷) 55. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. wi
