1、英语 9 上外研版 Module 2:重点单词、短语剖析(精品)(一)重点单词 单词学习 1. influence【用法 1】v. 影响(某人/某物)【例句】(1) His fathers thoughts influenced him deeply. 他父亲的思想深深地影响了他。(2) The typhoon(台风) influenced the growth of the crops(庄稼) badly. 台风严重地影响了庄稼的生长。【用法 2】n. 影响(常与 on 连用)have an influence on sb. 对某人有影响【例句】Watching TV too much ha
2、s a bad influence on children. 看太多电视对小孩子有不良影响。【考查点】词义理解【易错点】influence 的拼写以及短语介词的错用。【考题链接】 Confucius thoughts i_ many people in the world. (根据句意和首字母填写单词)答案:influence。解题思路:解此题先要读懂句意,根据句意“孔子的思想影响了世界上的许多人” ,所以填 influence,由于孔子的思想到现在还在影响着人们,所以用一般现在时就可以了。 What has a good influence _ pupil?A. in B. at C. on
3、 D. for答案:C解题思路:have an influence on sb 为固定短语。由句意可知选 C。2. respect【用法】v. 尊重, 尊敬【例句】Students should respect teachers. 学生应该尊敬老师。【考查点】词义理解。【易错点】respect 的拼写。【考题链接】Yuan Longping is a scientist who _ by many people.袁隆平是一位受人尊敬的科学家。答案:is respected。解题思路:首先根据所给出的句子知道要填的是“尊敬”一词,再根据后面的 by many people 判断出要用被动语态,而
4、且袁隆平现在依然是一位受人尊敬的科学家,故用一般现在时的被动语态。3. wise【用法】adj. “睿智的” 、 “明智的”、 “贤明的” 、 “英明的”(wiser-wisest)【例句】He is a wise leader. 他是位英明的领袖。wise,clever,bright 的区别:三者都有 “聪明的”之意clever 是普通用词,应用范围广,着重指头脑灵活。bright 通常指年轻人或小孩的“聪明的,机警的” ,多用于口语中。bright 还有“明亮的”的意思。wise 主要指人在行为、言语、计划等方面的知识经验丰富且判断力正确。意为“博学的、有智慧的、有远见的,有知识的” 。【
5、例句】She is one of the cleverest (brightest) in the class. 她是这个班上最聪明的学生之一。误:I think the boy is wise.正:I think the boy is clever. 我认为这孩子很聪明。wise 与 clever 的搭配区别:be clever at ,be wise in 都表示“善于”、 “精于”【例句】She is clever at making excuses. 她善于找借口。Her mother is wise in money matters. 她母亲善于理财。【考查点】词义理解【易错点】词义
6、理解不清;与 clever 混淆【考题链接】 Its w_ to save some money and provide for the future. (根据句意和首字母填写单词)答案:wise。解题思路:解此题先要读懂句意,这句话的意思是“存些钱留着将来使用是明智的” 。 He is _ in thinking.A. clever B. wise C. good 答案:B。解题思路:be wise in, be clever at, be good at 为固定短语,都有“善于”的意思,要注意各自介词搭配。4. dead【用法】adj. 死的 注意与“死”有关的几个词 dead, die,
7、 death,dying 的区别 :dead 是形容词,意为“死的” ,表示状态,be dead 可以和表示时间段的状语连用。【例句】He has been dead for two years. 他死了有两年了。die 是动词,意为“死,死亡” 。是短暂性动词,不能和表示时间段的状语连用。【例句】误:He has died for ten years.他死了有十年了。正:He died ten years ago. 他十年前死了。death 是名词,意为“ 死,死亡 ”。如:the death of his dog 他的狗之死dying 既是动词 die 的-ing 形式,也是形容词,意为“
8、快要死的,垂死的” 。如:a dying dog 一只垂死的狗【考查点】词性的用法【易错点】词性混淆不清;在和表示时间段的状语连用时,混淆 die 和 dead 的使用.【考题链接】(1) Eddie and Nancy _ for ten months.A. have died B. died C. have been dead答案:C。解题思路:解此题关键在于时间状语,对于 for 引导的时间要注意两点: 1.要用现在完成时;2. 动词要用持续性动词。由于 B 时态不对,故先排除;而 die 是短暂性动词,不能和表示时间段的状语连用,所以选 C。(2) The doctor _ a _ b
9、oy yesterday.A. had saved, dying B. saved, dead C. has saved, dead D. saved, dying 答案:D。解题思路:此题考查时态以及 dead 和 dying 的用法。由于时间是 yesterday, 所以先排除 A 和 C;dead 是形容词,意为“死的” ,dying 也是形容词,意为 “快要死的,垂死的” ,根据题意选 D。5. pleased【用法】adj. “高兴的” 、 “喜欢的”常用短语:be pleased to do sth. 高兴地做某事 be pleased with 对满意【例句】I am very
10、pleased to be able to help you. 我很高兴能帮上你的忙。The teacher is pleased with you . 老师对你很满意。pleased , pleasant, please 的区别:pleased 是形容词,意思是“高兴的”、 “喜欢的”,一般用作表语,含义与 glad 基本相同,因此句子的主语只能是“人”。pleasant 是形容词,意思是“ 令人高兴的,令人愉快的,舒适的 ”,修饰事物, 不能修饰人,句子的主语也只能是表示事物的词。如: The weather is pleasant. 这种天气令人愉快。please 是动词,可作及物动词,
11、表示“使高兴(满意、愉快) ”,也可作不及物动词,表示“高兴、愉快”等,回答 Would you like some water?等表示征求意见的问题时,如同意,要说 Yes, please.且用升调;【考查点】词义理解,pleased 与 pleasant 的区别【易错点】混淆 pleased 和 pleasant【考题链接】I am very _to meet you.A. pleased B. pleasant C. please答案:A。 解题思路:此题考查 pleased , pleasant, please 的区别,由于主语是人 ,故排除 B,而be 动词后不可以用动词原形,因而排
12、除 C,故选 A。6. alive【用法】adj. “活着的” 、 “在世的”,【例句】Is he still alive? 他还活着吗?live, alive, living, lively 的用法:live 这个词有两种发音,如念为liv ,则是动词,意为 “活着,生活,居住” ;如念为laiv,则是形容词,意为“现场直播的,实况转播的” 。如:live broadcast 现场广播 live TV show 实况转播电视表演。alive 是形容词,意为“活着的;在世的” ,常放在连系动词 be,seem 等后作表语。此外,作宾语补足语时,只能用 alive,不能用 living。如:We
13、 found him still alive. 我们发觉他还活着。 (alive 此处作宾语补足语)lively 是形容词,意为“充满生气的,精力充沛的,生动的,活泼的” ,可以修饰名词,放在所修饰的名词前面。如:a lively boy/city 一个活泼的男孩子/一座充满生气的城市living 主要指某人,某物在某个时候是活着的,没有死。作定语时,常放在所修饰的名词前面。living 前加定冠词 the,可用作复数名词,指“ 活着的人们” 。【例句】Both plants and animals are living things. 植物和动物都是生物。The living must fi
14、nish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须要完成那些死去的人的事业。【考查点】词义理解及词义辨析【易错点】混淆 live, alive, living, lively 的用法。【考题链接】She has a strange way of making her class _ and interesting.A. alive B. living C. lively答案:C。 解题思路:此题考查 alive, living, lively 的用法,首先要了解句意,句子意思是 “她有一种奇特的方法,能使她的课讲得生动有趣” ,故选 C。即学即练Dont try to i_
15、 him.Parents should be r_ by us.Although she was only about twenty, she looked very calm and w_.Luckily they are still a_.His grandpa has been d_ for ten years.His father is p_ with him because he studies hard.A person in prison(监狱) has no f_.When everyone thinks Tom _, hes still _.A. is dead, alive
16、 B. dies, living C. is dying, livelyHer grandmother _ in 2001. She has been _ for nine years.A. died, died B. dying, dead C. died, dead(二)重点短语 短语学习1. as far as【用法】表示“就来说,至于”【例句】As far as I know, he has known the news. 据我所知,他已经知道了这个消息。【考查点】短语本意及其灵活翻译。【易错点】far 的拼写错误【考题链接】凭我的记忆,他来这里两年了。_, he has been h
17、ere for two years.答案:As far as I remember解题思路:根据 as far as 的意思 “就来说”, “凭我的记忆 ”就是“就我记得的来说” ,因此译为“As far as I remember” ,由此看出要懂得灵活翻译此短语。 2. be known as. 【用法】表示“作为而出名/闻名,被认为是”相当于 be thought to be 【例句】 Yang Liping is known as a great dancer. 杨丽萍是公认的出色的舞蹈家。be known as, be known for 和 be known to 的区别:be k
18、nown as 作为 而出名 /闻名,被认为是如:Yao Ming is known as a basketball player. 姚明作为篮球运动员而闻名。be known for “因而闻名” 如:Hangzhou is known for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而闻名。be known to “为人所熟知”如:His play is known to us. 他的戏剧为我们所熟知。【考查点】短语本身。【易错点】短语介词的错用【考题链接】Deng Yaping is known _ a famous Pingpong player.A. to B. as C. for
19、答案:B。解题思路:此题考查学生对 be known as, be known for 和 be known to 的意思是否掌握,根据句意,是说“邓亚萍被公认为著名的乒乓球运动员” ,故选 B。3. notany more【用法】 “在数量、程度上不再”(相当于 no more)【例句】I have eaten enough apples. I dont want to eat any more. = I have eaten enough apples. I want to eat no more.【考查点】句型转换。【易错点】忘记 not 要与助动词 (do/does/did/)或情态动
20、词连用。【考题链接】I am full, I can eat the bread no more.I am full, I _ eat the bread _.答案:cantany more。解题思路:由于 no 相当于 not any, 所以 no more 可写成 notany more, not 要与情态动词连用,所以写成 cant.any more。4. millions of【用法】数百万的,几百万的类似的短语还有 hundreds of 数百的,thousands of 数千的。注意使用像 hundred, thousand, million 等表示数的名词时,如果它们前面有数字表
21、示确切的数目时,它们的词尾就不可以加-s。如:two hundred 二百,five thousand 五千,eight million 八百万;但当它们表示不确切的数目时,如“数百” 、 “几千” 、 “几百万”等,则要在它们的词尾加上-s,并且常与 of 连用。【例句】(1) Millions of people visit the Great Wall every year. 每年有数百万人参观长城。(2 ) He spent three hundred yuan on the books. 他花了三百元买这些书。【考查点】确切的数目或不确切的数目的表达。【易错点】表示数字的词是否加-s
22、 。【考题链接】Basketball is so popular a game in the world that _ people play it for fun and exercise.A. million of B. millions of C. millions D. two millions of 答案:B。解题思路:此题考查 million 的用法。当 million 后面有 of 时,要在 million 后加-s, 所以先排除 A;millions 后要有 of 才可以加名词,所以排除 C;million 前面有数字表示确切的数目时,它的词尾就不可以加-s,而 D 选项既有数
23、字 two 又有 of 的表达是错误的,故选 B。5. be surprised to do sth.【用法】惊奇地做某事。此外,还有固定短语:be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶【例句】We are surprised to see him here. 看到他在这里,我们都很惊讶。I was surprised at his answer. 我对他的回答感到吃惊。surprised 与 surprising 的区别:surprised 是形容词, “感到吃惊的,感到惊讶的” ,主语是人。surprising 也是形容词, “使人吃惊的” ,主语是物。【例句】She loo
24、ked surprised when I told her. 当我告诉她时,她显得很惊讶。Its not surprising that they lost. 他们输了,这不奇怪。【考查点】surprise 的形容词的用法。【易错点】加-ed 或-ing 的错用【考题链接】You shouldnt be _that he didnt come.A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising答案:B。解题思路:此题考查 surprise 的形容词用法。A 项不是形容词,先排除;此题主语是人,故选 B。6. talk about【用法】谈论 注意:talk about
25、 sth. 是“谈论某事 ”,talk to/with sb. 是“和某人交谈” 。【例句】What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?Mr Wang is talking to Toms father. 王老师正在和 Tom 的爸爸交谈。【考查点】短语本身。【易错点】talk 和 take 的拼写易混淆以及介词的搭配。【考题链接】Listen! They are _ their favourite films.A. talking to B. taking about C. talking about答案:C。解题思路:此题考查 talk 的介词搭配以及学生对 t
26、alk about 短语是否熟悉。talk to 后接人,所以排除 A;而 B 项是拼写错误,故选 C。即学即练1. 老虎已经从动物园逃跑了。The tiger _ from the zoo.2. 海盗们正在谈论那些宝藏。The pirates _ those treasures.3. 瑞士因其钟表而闻名。Switzerland_its watches. 4. 据我所知,他来这里两年了。_,he has been here for two years.5. 听到这个消息,我很惊讶。I _ the news.6. 他们对取得这样的好成绩感到很高兴。They_ such good grades.7. 他说他不再相信你的话了。He said he _believe what you said _.He said he _ what you said.8. 他被公认是个好人。He _ a good man.9. 他们的孩子都已长大成人离开家了。Their children have all _ and left home now.