1、 (The Attributive Clause: where, when, why, prep.which/ whom) AimsTo help students learn about attributive clause introduced by when, where, why, and prep.+ which/ whomTo help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressionsTo help students discover and learn to use some useful s
2、tructuresProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by discovering useful words and expressionsTurn to page 35 and do exercises No. 1 and 2. Check your answers against your classmates. II. Learning about grammar1.Reading and thinkingTurn to page 34. Read the text of ELISA STORY and find out all the attributi
3、ve clauses.Think over this question: On what circumstance do we use when/ where/ why to introduced an attributive clause? (“Where” is used when the antecedent refers to a place, and “when” is used for time. “Why “ is used when the antecedent is “why”.)For reference: The time when I first met Nelson
4、Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.This was a time when you had got to live in Beijing.The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life.We have reached a stage where we
5、 have almost no rights at all.The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa.2.Comparing and discoveringTurn to page 36. Do Ex. 1. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use diffe
6、rent words to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same.The government building where we voted was very grand.The government building which/ that we paid a visit to yesterday was very grand.The government building in which we voted was very grand.In sentence a), a relative
7、 adverb “where” is used because it refers to “in the government building” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means “in the government building” in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun “whi
8、ch” is used as it refers to “the government building” which serves as the object of the predicate “visited” in the attributive clause.Compare another three sentences:The date when I arrived was the 5th August.The date which/ that he told me was the 5th August.The date on which I arrived was the 5th
9、August.In sentence a), a relative adverb “when” is used because it refers to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means “on that date” in the attributive clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun
10、“which” is used as it refers to “the date” serving as the object of the predicate “told” in the attributive clause.Read the following sentence and find out The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.The reason that/ which he gave for getting the job was because of his hard work.The reaso
11、n for which I got a job was because of my hard work.In sentence a), a relative adverb “why” is used because it refers to “for this reason” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “for which” can also be used as in sentence c) because it also means “for this reason” in the attributiv
12、e clause. While in sentence b), a relative pronoun “which/that” is used as it refers to “the reason” serving as the object of the predicate “gave” in the attributive clause.III. Ready used materials for attributive clauseDefinitions: Attributive clause: An attributive clause is a clause modifying a
13、noun or pronoun in a compound sentence.Antecedent: The word being modified by an attributive clause is called the antecedent.Relative: The word that is used to introduce an attributive clause is called a relative. There are two kinds of relatives, i.e. relative pronouns including which, that, who, w
14、hom, whose, as, etc. and relative adverbs including where, when and why, etc.Note: Relatives plays three important roles in an attributive clause, i.e. introducing an attributive clause, replacing the antecedent in meaning, and functioning as a sentence element in the attributive clause.e.g.: The gi
15、rl who is talking to Mr. Li over there is my sister.In the sentence, The girl is the antecedent and who is used to introduce the attributive clause as the antecedent is a person. It (who) refers to the girl and functions as the subject in the attributive clause.The choice of the relatives is the mos
16、t difficult in learning the attributive clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives. Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart:
17、Antecedent Relative Sentence elementwho that subject objectpeoplewhom objectthings which that subject objectwhich that subject objecttimewhen prep.+ which adverbialwhich that subject objectplace where prep.+ which adverbialreason why prep.+ which adverbialNote: relatives can be omitted if they serve
18、s as the objects in the attributive clauses.If a relative functions as the object of a preposition in the attributive clause, the preposition can usually be placed before the relative. In this situation, we use “which” for things and “whom” for people, and they can never be omitted. However, if the
19、preposition and a verb form a set phrase in the attributive clause, they should not be separated:The school (which/ that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the girl (who/ whom) I went to the Great Wall with.This is the girl with whom I went
20、to the Great Wall.The sentence “This is the watch (which/ that ) you are looking for.” can not be changed into “This is the watch for which you are looking.” because “look for ” is a set phrase.Now turn to page 36 and lets do Ex.2 and 3.IV. Closing down by doing a quizTo end the period you are going
21、 to take a quiz on attributive clause.Choose the best answer:1.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it 2.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when 3.The
22、house _ we live is not large.A. which B. in which C. on which D. at which 4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 5.He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. whi
23、ch C. at which D. some6.I will never forget the day _ he came to see me.A. that B. which C. at which D. when7.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower.A that B. where C. which D. there8.The students _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A. in
24、 which B. in that C. in whose D. whose9. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which10. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through .A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its h1.where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后，在定语从句中只能作地点状语。
25、注意：where 不在从句中作主语或宾语。Its one of the few countries where people drive on the left.Think of a place where we can go for dinner.2.when 表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后，在定语从句中只能作时间状语。Oct.1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?3.why 表示原因，通常跟
26、在 reason 后引导定语从句，在定语从句中只能作原因状语。I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.This is the reason why( for which) he cried.4.介词which/whom 结构(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导；关系副词有时也可以被此结构代替。Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here the m
27、agazine for which you asked.(2)关系词 whose 常用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词” 结构来代替。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.(3)“介词which/whom”前可有 some，any ，non
28、e，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或者数词，表示部分与整体的关系。He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.【注意】1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look
29、after，take care of 等。This is the watch which/that I am looking for.()This is the watch for which I am looking.()2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用which，不能用 that。The man with whom you talked is my friend.()The man with that you talked is my friend.()【支招】如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从
30、句中所作的句子成分，若关系词在从句中作状语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；若作宾语、主语或表语，则要求用关系代词。(1)Ill never forget the days I worked together with you.(2)Ill never forget the days I spent in the countryside.在句(1)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以填 when；在句(2)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语，所以应填 that 或 which。.用 where，which，when，why ，whose 填空1.Dorothy
31、 always spoke highly of her role in the play which made the others unhappy.2.I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.3.The factory where his brother works lies in the south of the city.4.They took care of the old man whose son lost his life in the fire.5.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.6.We visited a factory which makes toys for children.7.We visited a factory where toys are made for children.8.Summer is the season when I like to travel.
