1、 Words and Expressions1.diet n.C sort of food that is usually eaten (by a person, community, etc) （某人 共同生活的人等）通常吃的食物; 日常食物e.g. a healthy, balanced diet 一份健康、平衡饮食It is important to have a healthy, balanced diet. 拥有健康、平衡的饮食很重要。vi.to eat less food or only food of a particular type in order to lose weig
2、ht 只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物; （尤指为减轻体重）节食e.g. You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动.Shes always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight. 她总是在节食但是体重好像并没有减少。phrase：go/be on a diet 控制饮食，节食e.g.The doctor says Ive got to go on a diet. 医生说我得节食.Lily always seems to be on a diet. 莉莉好像总是在节食。2.bala
3、nce n. (1)C instrument used for weighing, with a central pivot, a beam and two scales or pans 天平; 秤(2) even distribution of weight; steadiness 平衡; 平稳e.g.Riders need a good sense of balance. 骑车的人必须善于保持平衡. The human race should keep the balance of nature. 人类应该保持自然界的平衡。vt. (1)keep or put (sth) in a sta
4、te of balance 使（某物）保持平衡e.g.How long can you balance on one foot? 你能单脚站立多久? (2)to create or preserve a good or correct balance between different features or aspects 权衡e.g.We have to balance the needs and tastes of all our customers.我们得权衡所有顾客的需求和口味。She balanced the attractions of a high salary against
5、 the prospect of working long hours. 她对高薪和长工时两者的利弊作了权衡比较. adj. a balanced diet 均衡饮食 keep balancede.g. The editors job is to keep the newspaper balanced and interesting to the readers.编辑的工作就是协调报纸各方面的比例并使读者感兴趣。3.ought to=should 应该；应当e.g.There is one thing I ought to discuss with you before we start.开始
6、前我有一件事要和你谈。ought to have done=should have done 本该做（却没做）e.g.You ought to have given him some help. 你本该帮帮他（事实上没帮） 。拓展：ought to do sth. 的否定式为 ought not to do sth. 或写为 oughtnt to do sth. 。ought to do sth. 的一般疑问句式是将 ought 提到句首。e.g.Such things ought not to be allowed.诸如此类的事情应该被禁止。-Ought I to write to say
7、thank you?我应该写信致谢吗？-Yes, I think you ought (to).对，我觉得你应该。He looks so upset; I oughtnt to have told him the bad news so early.他看起来不安；我本不应该那么早把坏消息告诉他。4.weight n.degree of heaviness of a thing, esp as measured on a balance, weighing-machine, etc and expressed according to a particular system of measuri
8、ng (eg kilos, tons, etc) 重量; 分/ 102量e.g.She has had a weight problem since she was 20 years old.她从 20 岁起就体重过胖。Bananas are usually sold by weight. 香蕉通常按重量卖.phrase：lose weight 减肥;体重减轻 gain / put on weight 增加体重 over weight 超重 watch ones weight 控制体重e.g.If you want to lose weight, you have to diet.如果你想减肥
9、，你得节食。Hes put ongained a lot of weight since he gave up smoking. 他戒烟后体重增加了许多.He had to watch his weight for the first time in his life.他平生第一次来控制体重。weigh v .measure how heavy (sth) is by means of scales, a balance, etc 称（某物）的重量e.g.He weighed himself on the bathroom scales. 他在浴室的磅秤上称体重. -How much do y
10、ou weigh?你体重多少? -I weigh 60 kilos.我体重为 60 公斤。5.curiosity n. a strong desire to know about sth 好奇心 e.g.He gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to his sister. 他抑制不住好奇心, 拆开了别人写给他妹妹的信. Children show curiosity about everything. 孩子们对什么东西都很好奇。His answer did not satisfy my curiosity at all.
11、他的答案没有满足我的好奇心。 out of curiosity 出于好奇e.g.The letter wasnt addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.那封信不是写给我的，但是出于好奇，我打开了它。Curious adj. (about sth/to do sth) 对好奇e.g.He is a curious boy who is always asking questions. 他是个有好奇欲的孩子, 老是问这问那. Im curious to know what she said. 我真想知道她说了什麽.Shes always
12、so curious about my work. 她总爱打听我的工作curiously adv. 好奇地e.g.The little girl curiously opened the box. 那个小女孩好奇地打开那个盒子。6.get away with to avoid criticism or punishment for or the consequences of (as a reprehensible act)被放过；（做坏事)不受惩罚e.g.I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam.我不能容忍(允许) 你考试作
13、弊而不受处罚。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此严重的错误, 侥幸只交了罚款了事。-I forgot to do my homework yesterday . Dont tell the teacher, OK?- I wont tell anybody , but do you think you can just get away with it ? -我昨天忘记写作业了。别告诉老师，好吗？-我不告诉别人，但你觉得你能侥幸逃脱吗？7.tell a lielies to sb. 向
14、.说谎e.g.It s wrong of you to tell lies to your teacher. 你向老师撒谎是不对的。辨析原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词lie(躺；位于 ) lay lain lyinglie(撒谎 ) lied lied lyinglay(产卵；放置；铺设) laid laid laying练习：用 lie, lay 的适当形式填空。1) I _lay_ awake for several minutes and got up. 2) The lake lies 20 kilometres east of the city. 3) You lied(撒谎) t
15、o me, that is, you told me a _lie _.4) The workers are laying pipes now. 5) The man was sleeping, lying under the tree.6) He lied to us that he had laid the watch on the table.7) His words are full of lies about the matter.8.discount n. amount of money taken off the cost of sth 从某物的价格中扣去的数目; 折扣 e.g.
16、I bought the computer at a 10 discount. 我以九折的价格买了那台电脑。注意：a 10 discount 是九折， a 20 discount 是八折，以此类推。phrase：at a discount at a reduced price 打折扣; 减价e.g.They were selling everything at a discount.他们所有的东西都在打折。9.win.back 赢回；重新获得e.g.The party must try to win back the support it has lost. 该党须设法重获人心。How can
17、 I win back her trust? 我怎么才能重新获得她的信任呢10.strengths and weaknesses 优缺点e.g.Its important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.清楚你自身的优缺点很重要。11.consult (1)vt. sb/sth. (about sth.) go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc （为获取资料 得到指点等）请教（别人）, 查阅（书）等e.g.consult ones lawyer, a map, a di
18、ctionary 请教律师 查看地图 查阅词典I consulted a doctor about my pains. 我找过医生诊治病痛. (2)vi. with sb. discuss matters with sb; confer with sb 与某人商量（事情）; 与某人磋商e.g.consult with ones partners 与合伙人商量I consulted with a friend on a matter. 我和朋友商量一件事。12.debt n. sum of money owed to sb that has not yet been paid 债务; 欠款e.g
19、. If I pay all my debts Ill have no money left. 我若还清所有欠债就分文不剩了.I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 在出国之前我需要偿清我所有的债务。phrase：be in/out of debt 欠/不欠债e.g.He is heavily in debt. 他债台高筑。After ten years of hard work, they at last got out of debt.经过十年的努力工作，他们已经不欠债了。13.glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀
20、 搭配： at sb/sth 怒目而视n.怒视；炫目的光e.g.He didnt shout or swear, but just glared silently at me. 他不喊不骂, 只是默默地怒视着我. The old man just stood there glaring at the pickpocket. 这位老人只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视。The sun glares out of the blue sky.太阳的耀眼光芒从蓝天中散射开来。辨析： glare/ glance / look /stare 的区别/ 104(1)glare at 怒目注视 e.g.The t
21、eacher glared at the student cheating in the exam.老师怒视着那个考试作弊的学生。(2)glance at 粗略地看，匆匆看一眼e.g.He glanced at his watch. 他匆匆看了一下表。(3)look at 看一看（没有感情色彩） (4)stare at 盯着 , 长时间凝视e.g.He stared at the word trying to remember its meaning.他盯着这个单词，努力想记住它的意思。14.spy n. 间谍；侦探 e.g.She worked as an American spy in R
22、ussia. 她做过被派到俄罗斯的美国间谍。v. 窥探；秘密监视 (pt, pp spied) I spied her entering the room. 我看见她走进房间。搭配：spy(vi.) on . 窥探；秘密监视.Im sure my neighbours have been spying on me. 我肯定邻居暗中监视我.Have you been spying on me? 你是不是一直在暗中监视我？15.limitvt. sb/sth (to sth) set a limit or limits to sb/sth; restrict sb/sth 给某人某事物 定界限;
23、限定某人某事物e.g.The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice. 你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。Violent crime is not limited to big cities.暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。The speed of cars and trucks is limited to 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.在中国的大城市，轿车和卡车的速度被限制在每小时 30 公里。n. point or line beyond which sth.
24、does not extend; boundary 限度; 极限; 界线; 限界Theres a limit to how much Im prepared to spend. 我准备花多少钱是有限度的. There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的痛苦是有限度的。limited adj. 有限的e.g.We are doing our best with the limited resources available. 我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大的努力。16.benefitn. an advantage that
25、sth gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has 利益, 实惠, 好处 既可作可数名词又可做不可数名词e.g.Ive had the benefit of a good education. 我得益于良好的教育。He couldnt see the benefit of arguing any longer. 继续争论下去没什么好处。It was good to see her finally reaping the benefits. 看到她终于收获辛勤劳动的成果令人欣慰。搭配：be of (great) benefit to 对
26、.很有好处for sb.s benefit=for the benefit of 为了.的利益e.g.The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处.The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor. 要用这笔钱去帮助穷人。vt.VNto be useful to sb or improve their life in some way 使（某人 某事物）受益e.g.These facilities have benefited the whole
27、 town. 这些设施使全城受益. vi.V (from / by sth) to be in a better position because of sth 得益e.g.Its certain that people in that town will benefit from the new hospital.那个城镇的居民无疑将会从那个新建的医院中受益。beneficial adj. (to sth/sb) having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous 有益的; 有用的; 有好处的e.g. Fresh air is beneficial
28、 to ones health. 新鲜空气有益於健康. 17.sighvi. take a long deep breath that can be heard, expressing sadness, tiredness, relief, etc 叹息; 叹气e.g.She sighed as she lay back on the bed. 她在床上向后一躺 , 长叹了一声. He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal. 他美餐一顿之后, 满足地叹了口气. n. act or sound of sighing 叹息; 叹息声e.g.We
29、 all let out a sigh of relief when we heard that they were safe.当我们听说他们平安无事时，都松了一口气。bine v. (with sth); A and B/A with B (cause things to) join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合形成一整体; 联合; 组合; 合并; 化合e.g.Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀, 用文火加热.Succes
30、s was achieved by the combined efforts of the whole team.全队齐心协力取得了胜利.Lets combine my knowledge and your business skills and start a company .将我的知识和你的经商技巧结合起来，我们就可以开办一家公司了。The new teaching method combines education with pleasure . 新的教学方式寓教于乐。19.cut down 砍到；删减，删节e.g. cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树The doctor to
31、ld him to cut down his consumption of fat. 医生建议他减少脂肪的摄取量Your articles too long - please cut it down to 1000 words.你的文章太长-请把它删减到 1000 字.拓展：来源:学 7 优 5 高 0 考 g 网 kcut across 走捷径，抄近路 cut in 插话 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断即学即练：1.The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.2.He was in hospital for six months.
32、 He felt as if he was cut off from the outside world.3.I was just talking to Margot when Jackson cut in.4.He used to cut down trees, but he plants trees now.5.I usually cut across the park on my way home.6.Please cut up the vegetables.20.before long 不久以后辨析 long before 与 before longlong before 意为 “很久
33、以前”，可以单独使用，常与过去时或过去完成时态连用，在句子中作状语；也可接从句before long 相当于 soon，意为“不久，不久以后”，常与将来时、过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可接从句Long before/Long before, there was a big museum here.很久以前，这里有一座大博物馆。 I had heard of him long before I came here./ 106早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。Before long he went to Canada to go on with his further education.
34、不久以后他就去加拿大继续深造了。 It was not long before she came. 没多久她就来了。 It will be long before we see each other again.我们很久以后才会再见面。Language Points1. Wang Peng sat in empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.(P10L1)feeling very frustrated 是现在分词短语做伴随状语，另外还可以作原因状语、时间状语等。e.g. He spent a lot of money modernizing the
35、house. (表伴随)他花了很多钱，把房子搞的很新潮。Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. (表原因)因为没有人在家，她决定给他们留个纸条。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. (表时间)听到那个消息，他们都高兴地跳了起来。例示(1) The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.来源:学 7
36、优 5 高 0 考 g 网 kA. to let B. letting C. let D. having let(2) _ that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her.A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying(3) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.A. thinking B. t
37、hink C. to think D. Thought2. What could have happened？(P10L4)could have happened 在此处表示对过去情况的推测。could 表示可能性，可用 can 代替，常用于否定句或是疑问句中，表推测。e.g. -He isnt at home now. Could he have gone home yesterday?他现在不在家，他昨天就应该回来的吗了吧？- Yes. I hear that his mother has been ill.是啊，我听说他妈妈病了。could have done 也可以表示“本来能够干某事
38、（但事实上没干） ”，表示一种委婉的责备。这时 could 不可用 can 代替，常用于肯定句。e.g. He bought a ticket when he could have entered free.3. Nothing could be better.(P10L7)此句用比较级表示最高级的意义。含义是: All his foods could have been the best.e.g. She sings well. Nobody has a better voice in our class.= She has the best voice in our class. 她歌唱的
39、好，在班上没有比她更好的嗓音。拓展：can not be too/ can not beenough 再也不为过e.g. You can not be too careful with your homework.=You can not be careful enough with your homework.你做作业再细心也不为过。4. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming(P10L9)情态动词+have done 都表示对过去事情的推测或意愿，一些情态动词后接完成式是对过去情况的肯定或否定的推测或
40、推断。must have done 过去一定做了某事。 may have done 过去可能做了某事。might have dome 过去或许做了某事 cant have done 过去不可能做某事might not have done 过去或许没有做某事 neednt have done 本没有必要做某事e.g. It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.来源:高考试题库 GkStK昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。-What has happened to George?-I dont know. He may have got
41、 lost.-乔治可能发生了什么事？-我不知道，他可能迷路了。He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。John might not have passed the exam, he looks very sad.约翰可能没通过考试，他看起来很忧伤。I neednt have got there so early because she didnt
42、come until 10. 我本没有必要来的这么早，因为她直到 10 点才来。 5. Want to lose weight?(P10L12)lose weigh 表示“减肥；体重减轻” ，反义词是 gain weight/ put on weight与 lose 有关的短语lose face 丢脸 lose courage 丧失勇气 lose heart 丧失信心6. Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.(P10L26)find out vt. 发现, 找出, 揭发出来 vi. 发现, 找出来e.g. We must find
43、out the customs of other countries, so that they will not think us ill mannered. 我们必须知道别的国家的习俗，免得他们会认为我们是没有礼貌的。Find out what the conditions of the contract are. 弄清楚合同的条件是什么。Lets find out. 我们去问一下吧。7. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!(P10L27)have sb doing sth 允许或容忍某人做某事
44、,常用在否定句中，特别是在 will not, cant 等之后，表示不能容忍或不能让某人做某事或某事发生。e.g. I wont have you shouting at me that way!我不能容忍你朝我那样大喊大叫！I cant have you catching cold. Come and change your wet clothes.我不能让你得感冒，来换掉你的湿衣服。拓展：have sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 have sb do 使某人做某事have sth to do 有某事要做 have sth done 使某事被做/某人遭遇不幸的事e.g. She
45、 had us working day after day. 她让我们日复一日的工作。They had me repeat the message. 他们让我重复这个信息。/ 108I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。来源:学 7 优 5 高 0 考 g 网 kI had my watch fixed yesterday. 我昨天修了手表。She had her leg broken when she got off the bike. 她昨天从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。8. His restaurant served far too much fat an
46、d Yong Huis far too little.(P10L30)far 可修饰 too 和比较级表示 .的多修饰形容的词还有 far, a little, a bit, a little bit, much, a lot, even, still.9. The competition between the two restaurants was on! (P10L39)on (adv.) 进行中，在做，上演。与 be 和 have 连用，表示各种含义。e.g. Have you anything on tonight?你今晚有事吗？Whats on at the cinema this
47、 week?这个星期电影院上演什么片子？10. He did not look forward to being in debt(P14L2)look forward to 盼望，期待。后面跟名词、代词或动名词 e.g. We look forward to the return of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望着能自己一人待在这所房子里。11. I thought you were a new customer and now I know that(P14L6)在某些句子中，虽然没有表示
48、过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 e.g. I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）I didnt recognize you. 我没有认出你。 （在说话时已经认出了对方。 ）12. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them.(P15L12)rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂。 1. rather than 与 would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿” ，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2. rather than 不与 wou
