1、语法复习专题（2）,Unit2,冠词,一、考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China ,America, SmithAir is matter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.,（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens DayHave you had supper?Spring is thebest season of th
2、e year.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的 nurse、 cook 等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。,Whats this, Father?,Wemade him our chairman.,Ask nurseto put thechild to bed.,Professor Li.,（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.,（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。,They are peasants/ workers.,（7）在与 by 连用的交
3、通工具名称前不加冠词。,by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land,但：take a bus, comein a boat, on thetrain/ bus 需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中：,husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork,介词词组中：,to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,t
4、o（in, into, from）church,to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea,at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院（因病）in the hospital 在医院（工作、参观等）in front of 在前面，指某物体之外in the front of
5、在前部，指某物之内,in charge 负责，主管in the charge 由负责,out of question 没问题out of the question 不可能,（9）as 引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as sheis, sheknows alot of French.（10）系动词 turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。,Theyoung girl has turned writer.,= Theyoung girl has becomea writer.,（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）
6、结构中，单数可数名词前不,加冠词。,She did experiment after experiment.,类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake,（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。,“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh, its most beautiful.,当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。,She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.,当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其
7、前不用定冠词。Themarket in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。,A wolf in a sheeps,skin is our most dangerous enemy.,序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在 second、third 等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。why you took asecond arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is atop student in our class, heoften gets afirst in mat
8、hs.（13）no 与 such 连用时应放在 such 之前，such 后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.,（14）never、ever 置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。,（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去 a(n)或 the,这主要用,于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。,Conferenceopens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况,（1）使用定冠词的一般情
9、况。特指或第二次提到。,序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。,用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。,（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。, He hit him in theface.,beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员, the elder of the two, hemorebeautiful of the two 两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个 Thesooner, the better.越快越好。, He got
10、 paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by theyard/the dozen/themonth/the year但：by weight 按重量, in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代）, the Smiths/theWhites（表示一家人或夫妇俩） in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/,rain, tell the truth/on theother hand/on the way home, 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，,它与定冠词连用：,She
11、 is fond of music.,He is playing the music written by Beethoven.,Good advice is beyond price.,Im sorry not to have taken theadvice he gave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况,（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have threemeals a day.,（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。Thechildren are of an age.（4）表示类指，表示
12、“某类”。He wants to hea doctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horseis a usefulanimal.,（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.,（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure 一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy 一件高兴的事，a pity 一件遗憾的事，an honour 一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。,（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。,What a heavy rain!,What a good
13、 supper!,Please give me ablack coffee!,4.冠词表类别的常见方式,（1）定冠词 + 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。,Thecomputer was invented in 1945.,TheTV set was invented by Joan Baird.,Thehorseis a usefulanimal.,（2）不定冠词 + 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。,A pen is a tool for writing.,A squarehas four sides.,A horseis auseful animal.,注意：man, woman
14、 表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：,Man is fighting a battle against pollution.,Man tries to be the protector of woman.,（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。,Horses are useful animals.,Rice is a kind of food.,5.冠词位置问题,（1）不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。,This is a very interesting story.,（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词
15、+名词。Ivenever seen such afilm!,Half a pound of pork,please!,What a good idea it is!,（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。,It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.,I cant finish thetask in so short atime.,This seems not too long a distance.,We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.,
16、However low te priceyou paid,you wasteyour money.,He is braveenough a hunter to kill thebear.,（4）定冠词位置。,half、twice、three times + the+ 名词,He paid twicethe pricefor it.,Their houseis threetimes the size of yours.,all、both、double + the + 名词Both theblind men weremistaken.All the students in our class ar
17、eeager to know thesecret.I offered him double theamount, but he still refused. 二、精典名题导解选择填空,1.The,warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of,_wool used.（NMET 2001）,AThe ; the,Bthe ; /,C/; the,D/; /,解析：答案为 B。第一空格为特指，交待 the warmth 的内容，第二空格为泛指，the sort of wool,used 所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意：
18、正确理解 sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握determine 在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2.Most animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless,they kill them for food.（NMET,2000）,Athe a,B/ a,Cthe the,D/ the,“,解析：答案为 B。名词复数表类别，其前不用冠词，故第一个空格不填冠词，表不定概念的“一种”， 某种”要用不定冠词 a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况，
19、见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3.Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_thirteenth century.（NMET1999）,Athe /,Bthe the,C/ the,D/ /,解析：答案为 C。题中 in use 是固定搭配，意为“在使用”，use 为抽象名词，其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词 the。要牢记一些固定搭配如 in use、 under construction （在建设中）、 in debt（欠债）、cometo power（执政）、on fire（着火）、at t
20、able（用餐）、out of work（失业）等。,hotel; I can find you,4.When you come here for your holiday next time dont go tobed in my flat.,A. the; a,B. the; 不填,C. a; the,D. a; 不填,解析：答案为 C。考定语从句。主句部分应是 TheEnglish play at the New Years party was agreatsuccess. 从句补全为独立句子就是 my students acted in theplay.所以应选 in which，其余
21、介词不妥。,Mr. Wilson on thephone for you.,5.John, thereisIm in,bath.,A. a; the,B. the; a,C. a; 不填,D. the; 不填,解析：答案为 A。本题考查冠词用法。a+姓名，表示“一个叫的人”；in the bath 在浴室。,6. Tom owns,larger collection of,books than any other student in our class.,A. the; 不填,B. a; 不填,C. a; the,D. 不填; the,解析：答案为 B。考冠词，collection 是可数名词，须填冠词，被比较级修饰，但是大范围的比较，故填不定冠词，后一空是泛指的表类别的书，且已用了复数，不填冠词。故选 B。,桂林米粉培训 桂林米粉培训 fyo017ybm,
