1、代 词,河南师大附中高三英语组,高三英语第二轮复习系列之,链接高考,链接高考,(2005天津，15) I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms. A. one B. that C. it D. this,解析 句意：与在Perth的公寓楼相比，我更愿意买在Inverness的公寓楼，因为我想住的离我妈妈近一些。one代替泛指的单数可数名词a flat，以避免重复。,链接高考,(2006全国I，26) If I can help _, I dont like working la
2、te into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them,解析 句意：但凡我有点办法，我就不工作到深夜。it代替说话者未说明但谈话双发都知道的事情。 如：I will appreciate it if you can help me.You can count on it that he is very smart.I take it that you dont agree with me.,链接高考,(2007全国I，21) -Have you heard the latest news? -No, what _? A. is it B. is there
3、 C. are they D. are those,解析 句意：-你听说最新消息了吗？ -没有，什么消息？it 代指不可数名词“news”，且与上文中的名词为同一事物。,链接高考,(2008全国I，30) -Which of the two computer games did you prefer?-Actually I didnt like _. A. both of them B. either of themC. none of them D. neither of them,解析 句意：-这两个电脑游戏你更喜欢哪一个？ -实际上我两个都不喜欢。noteither两者都不，是全部否定，
4、相当于neither；notboth并非两个都,是部分否定，不合语境；none指代三者以上；D项意思相反。,考点分析,高考考查热点,不定代词 替代词 It的用法 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,知识梳理,Pronouns (代词),人称代词: 物主代词: 反身代词: 相互代词: 指示代词: 疑问代词: 关系代词: 连接代词: 不定代词:,I, you, he, she, we, they, me, him, her. my, your, mine, yours, their, theirs, its myself, himself, ourselves, itself each other,
5、 one another this, that, these, those who, whom, whose, what, which who, whom, whose, which who, whom, whose, which all, both, one, some, few, either, any, other, another, many, none,人称代词,主格：I, you, she, he, their, we,宾格: me, you, her, him, their, us,1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 - I lik
6、e English. -我喜欢英语。 - Me too. -我也喜欢。 - Have more wine? -再来点酒喝吗? - Not me. -我可不要了。,b.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以 ,如： He is taller than I/me. 但在下列句中有区别：,I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.,(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：,在并列主语中，“I”
7、总是放在最后，排列顺序为： 二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。,You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.,Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.,在承认错误时，“I” 放在其他人称前面表示勇于承认错误。 I and my brother made the mistake. 我和弟弟犯了这个错误。,(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。,we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人,she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。,The “Titanic” was the largest, wasnt she? Chin
8、a is my motherland. Shes getting more and more beautiful. Whats wrong with the car? She wont start.,We all make mistakes. 每个人都会犯错误。 You should keep calm even when you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。 They say its going to be another cold winter. 据说一个寒冷的冬天即将来临。,物主代词,形容词性物主代词: my, your, his, her, its, our
9、,your, their,名词性物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs,He is ( my, mine ) teacher. Her brother is almost as old as ( mine, my). Ill do my work and you ( yours, your, yours). A friend of ( mine, my, I ) is going to Berlin. This is no fault of ( yours, your ).,反身代词,1） 列表 I you you she he myse
10、lf yourself yourselves herself himself we they it one ourselves themselves itself oneself,）固定短语,for oneself of itself in oneself to oneself by oneself beside oneself,enjoy oneself behave yourself feel oneself ( be oneself ) make oneself at home make oneself understood,Youll have to see if he has gon
11、e to the school for himself.你得亲自去看看他是否已经去了学校。 The computer can shut off of itself.计算机可能会自动关闭。 Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy.吉姆本质上不坏，但他有点害羞。 One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.没人都愿意有个自己的卧室。 I cant finish the work by myself.我独自一人干不完这个活。 He was beside himself with joy. 他欣喜若狂
12、。 I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要,指示代词: this, that, these, those, such, same,this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that (those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。,This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school. These days we are very busy.,this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下
13、的作用；that常指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。,I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.,He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.,为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。,The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.,The
14、re is no such thing. One such table is enough. Tom is such a nice person. Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.I like drinks such as tea and soda. Wealth, as such doesnt matter much. Such and such results follow from such and such causes.,当遇到a/ an时, such 置于其前； 当遇到no, one, tw
15、o, another, several, some, many, all 等时，such置于其后。,习惯用法,at this with this like this That is to say Is that so? Thats enough! Thats it! Thats all right. That will do.,一听到/看到这个 一面说着，一面 像这样，如此 也就是说 真的吗? 我受够了! 正是这样! 没关系. 那正好.,不定代词,both ，either， neither (使用范围为两个人或物),all ，any ，none (使用范围为三者以上),_ of the two
16、 boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 There are flowers on _ sides of the street. (两岸) There are flowers on _ side of the street. (岸的两边) 路边长满了野花。 _the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。 I dont like _ of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 I like _ of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。,Either,both,either,All,any,none,2. some & any,一般用法：some一般用
17、于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。,He has some Chinese paintings.,I dont know any of the students.,特殊用法：,any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。 Any child can do that.（定语） You may take any of them.（宾语）,some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.（定语）,在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀请） Mum,
18、could you give me some money?(请求),3. each & every,each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。,Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体） Each of them has been there.（主语） The teacher gave ea
19、ch of the students a new textbook.（宾语） We each got a ticket.（同位语，此时each不影响谓语动词）,4. one, that, it, those, the one, the ones替代,1) I cant find my hat. I think I must buy _. 2) The hat you bought is bigger than _I bought. 3) I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put _. 4) The population of China is m
20、uch larger than _ of Japan. 5) The ears of a rabbit are longer than _ of a fox.,one,the one,it,that,those,5. one/another/the other /others/ other,one the other 只有两个 some the others 有三个以上 one another，another some others，others others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部,泛指另一个用another。 一定
21、范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one(another)， 第三个可用the other，a third。 4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。 5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others。当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。,I dont like this one, can you show me _? You should think of _. Im busy now, ask me about it some _ time. Some like bask
22、etball, _ prefer football. I want to drink _ glass of milk Five students in our class are boys, _ are girls. She has two bags, one is white, _ is black. There are _ ways of solving this problem.,one/another/the other /others/ other,another,others,other,others,another,the others,the other,other,6. al
23、l, both, every 与not连用，表示部分否定,All birds could not fly. =Not all birds could fly Both of us are not teachers.No bird could fly. = None of the birds could fly.,7. anyone/any one；,anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。,8no one (nobody) /none/nothing,no one (nobody),none,nothing,no one (nobody),none,nothing,Who?,Ho
24、w many/much?,What?,someone/everyone/anyone,some/every/any,something/everything/anything,none,+,of,课堂小结,代词,人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 相互代词 指示代词 疑问代词 关系代词 连接代词 不定代词,主格-宾格,单数-复数,形容词性-名词性,掌握常见固定短语,近指-远指,both/either/ neither/all/any /none,some /any,each / every,one/that/ it/those/ the one/the ones,one/another/the ot
25、her /others/ other,nobody/nothing/none,巩固练习,1. (1997) Sarah had read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries.A. some; any B. other; someC. some; other D. other; other 2.(1998全国)- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? - Im afraid _ day is pos
26、sible.A. either B. neither C. some D. any,3. (1999全国) Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B. any C. that D. those 4. (2000全国) If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay_ 15.A. another B. other C. more D. each 5. (2002全国) Meeting my uncle after all these yea
27、rs was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what,巩固练习,it用法,1.it作人称代词 it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的 事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it? 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that 2.非人
28、称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy.,It was nearly midnight when she came back. It was very quiet in the caf. It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 3.it的其他用法 表示谁在做某事的句子： Who is it? -Its me. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 用来泛泛的指某件事：
29、 So you are going to be married this time？When is it？ It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isnt it?,it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象,基本用法:,1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth.,(05全国)The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. that B. it
30、C. this D. him,Sentence patterns:, find, possible,feel ,important,/clause,形式宾语,2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.no use,I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.,Sentence patterns:, a rule,an honour,形式宾语, find possible S+ think + it + ne
31、cessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important ,a rule 2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clausean honour,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.no use,形式宾语,1. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help. 2. The Foreign Mini
32、ster said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,形式主语,it重要句型,It is + 被强调部分 + that . 被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 -还原法 It was about 600
33、 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.,2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I reali
34、zed she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,It was _ back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn
35、t goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt goIn which play is _ your brother appears?A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it whereIt was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.A. where; that B. which ; where C. that ; where D. wh
36、ich; that,强调句型,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间 状语,强调句型用于疑问句, 被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词,In which play is it that?,It is that,Is it that?,I dont know in which play it is that,强调句型和各种从句,高考热点,3. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain) that . it 形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 e.g. It is
37、very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.,4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English wel
38、l. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.,5. It is said (reported， learned) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,以上两句可改为： He is said to have come to Bei
39、jing. Another satellite is reported to have been put into orbit.,6. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that
40、 we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.,7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！,8. It is time ( about
41、time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是： 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为“是（正是）的时侯” It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.,9. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决
42、定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为“是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.,10. It is since 主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his fathe
43、r died.,11. It is . when 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为“当的时候，是” It was 5 oclock when he came here.,12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long
44、 before he finishes his job.,1.Its years _(since, before, after, that) I painted this beautiful picture.2.It will be years _(since, before, after, that) I paint this beautiful picture.3.It was years _(since, before, after,that) I painted this beautiful picture.4.Its for years _(since, before, after,
45、 that) I have painted this beautiful picture.,易误辨析:,表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从以来已多久了”,It is +时间段+since(过去时).,表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才,It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时),表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会”,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),_,_,_,_,Translate the following: 过
46、了很久他才回来. 2. 我们很久后才会见面的.3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了.,It was long before he came back.,It will be long before we meet again.,It is long since I left this school.,It is +时间段+since(过去时).,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时),易误辨析:,13. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，tha
47、t 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来,14. It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为“做要花费某人”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.,It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English.,
