1、题型二 自由类填空 第4讲 冠词、介词和代词,技巧1 区分特指与泛指, 牢记冠词固定搭配 (2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处需要冠词 理解句子内容此处表特指用定冠词 尝试解答: _,the,【技法点金】明晰冠词的解题思路 (1)明确冠词在句中的习惯位置 冠词是名词的标志, 当空格后面是名词或“形容词+名词”, 而且没有其他限定词时, 一般需要冠词。,(2)辨析特指
2、和泛指 在文中第一次提到某人或某物时, 一般为泛指, 用不定冠词; 第二次提到时用定冠词表特指; 当名词有定语修饰时, 多数情况用定冠词表特指; 序数词或最高级前要用定冠词。,(3)注意a与an的选用, 主要看名词首字母的发音, 而不是首字母。,(4)牢记含有冠词的固定搭配 含有不定冠词的固定搭配 have a rest(休息); have a break(休息); take a walk(散 步); have a look(看一看); in a moment(立刻); in a minute(马上); once upon a time(曾经); twice a week (一周两次); a
3、type of(一种); a pile of(一堆); a great,amount of(大量的); as a result(结果); in a hurry(立刻); in a word(总之); have a good knowledge of(了解) 等。,含有定冠词的固定搭配 make the most of (充分利用); in the daytime (白天); in the end (最后); in the habit of (有习惯); not in the least(not at all) (一点也不); in the distance (在远处); in the way(
4、挡道); on the whole(总之); on the right/left (在 右/左边); at the same time(同时); at the moment (此时);,on the spot (当场); go to the cinema/theatre (去看电影); to tell the truth(说实话); go to the doctors (去看病); for the time being (暂时); on the radio/phone (通过无线电/电话); by the way(顺便说一下)等。,【过关检测】 (2018长安一模)Alfred Alder,
5、a famous psychiatrist, had _ interesting experience. The light and ironic style of Jane Austen is quite different from _ serious and intense style of Charlotte Bronte though both of them are great writers of English.,an,the,Ambition, meaning you want to achieve very much, play _ important role in ou
6、r daily life. The lasting presence of a mobile phone reduces peoples intelligence and attention, _ study has found.,an,a,We should think about the influence of such _ social phenomenon carefully. Breathing even small amounts of smoke and toxic gases can make you tired, sleepy and short of breath. As
7、 _ result, you may not wake up in time to escape.,a,a,(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.,the,【易错警示】 混淆定冠词与不定冠词 _good number of books in the market are examination-oriented. (变式) _number of college graduates in a country reflects i
8、ts cultural standard.,【点拨】题的意思是“许多书”, a number of“许多”, 是固定搭配, 故填A。 题意思是“大学毕业生的数量”, the number of 表示“的数量”, 故填The。,技巧2 辨析介词词义, 积累介词固定搭配 (2018全国卷)I was searching _these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分 空格后是名词此处需要介词 理解句子内容此处为固定搭配 尝试解答: _,for,【技法点金】牢记常考介词构成的短语 (1)由at构成的短语
9、at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、 晚上、黄昏; at table/college吃饭、上大学; at last最后; at a time一次; at times有时候; at the same time同时; at all costs不惜一切代价; at least至少; at the thought/,sight of一想到、一看到; at home在家; at risk冒险; at one time曾经; at present目前; at first最初; at most至多,(2)由by构成的短语 by accident/chance偶然;
10、 by turns轮流; by check用支票; by mistake错误地; by no means决不; by e-mail通过电子邮件; by birth出身; by means of借助手段; by the way顺便说一句,(3)由from构成的短语 from memory凭记忆; from day to day日复一日; from now on 从现在起; from bad to worse越来越糟; from beginning to end 从头到尾; from time to time时不时地,(4) 由in构成的短语 in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高
11、涨/低落/差; in tears热泪 盈眶; in fear在恐惧中; in danger在危险中; in peace和 平相处; in surprise惊讶; in trouble陷入困境; in safety 很安全; in need有需要; in good order很整齐; in silence 静静地; in doubt有疑问; in a sense从某种意义上来说;,in flower在开花; in advance事先; in the meantime同 时; in case假使; in case of如果发生; in fact实际上; in general一般说来; in tur
12、n 轮流; in public公开地; in short总之; in ones opinion在某人看来; in no time立刻; in all总共; in brief简而言之; in good condition状况好; in order井井有条; in other words换句话说; in return,作为报答; in the course of在过程中; in the end最后; in the long run从长远来看,(5)由on构成的短语 on board乘(车, 飞机); on duty值班; on fire着火; on earth到底; on holiday/vaca
13、tion度假; on strike罢工; on show在上映; on (the) average平均; on purpose故意地; on the contary相反; on the way to在途中; on foot步行; on hire雇用; on business出差; on sale在出售/在打折; on a visit在访问; on the spot当场; on the phone在打/接电话; on time准时,(6)由of构成的短语 of+抽象名词=形容词 of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词 如It is of great/much value. =It
14、 is very valuable. of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词 如it is of no use=it is not useful=it is useless,(7)由out of构成的短语 out of breath气喘吁吁; out of control失去控制; out of danger脱险; out of work失业; out of date过时; out of fashion不时尚; out of order发生故障; out of reach拿不到; out of touch失去联系; out of the question不可能; out of question没
15、问题,【过关检测】 This book also taught me to appreciate and be content _ what I have. “Be careful, doctor. I can stand anything _ pain. ” When returning from the hospital, I thought about what my previous patient said.,with,except/but,“Never forget why you started” is the key _ your success. Vacation can b
16、e from 2 weeks a year to 4 weeks a year. This usually depends _ how long youve been working for a company and what position you have.,to,on,(2018长春二模)We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits _ the local old peoples home. (2018正定一模)It was remarka
17、ble how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression _ the students.,to,on,Dawan tea is just as famous _ the long-spouted (长 壶嘴的) teapot. And today its the only teahouse still serving Dawan tea _ such a low price, though theres no profit in it.,as,at,【
18、易错警示】 不能区分近义介词 Its important _us to learn English well. (变式)Its kind _you to help me with my English.,【点拨】这两句属于“It is+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth. ”句式, 用of还是用for取决于形容词。形容词是clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征时, 用介词of; 形容词是easy, important, necessary等说“事”时, 用介词for, 所以题填for, 题填of。,技巧3 明确指代对象, 关注it用法 (2017全国卷)Howe
19、ver, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using _every day.,【考场思维】 读句子分析成分空格处作宾语 分析句子逻辑关系空格处指代前面的railway用代词 尝试解答: _,it,【技法点金】 (1)人称代词的分类,(2)不定代词 the other指两者中的另一个, 表示特指。 other作前置定语, 修饰可数名词复数, 不可单独使用, 表示泛指, 意为“另外的, 其他的”。,others泛指“其他人”或“
20、其他物”, 常用结构: some. . . others. . . ; 而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。 another泛指同类的人或物, 指三者或三者以上的另一个, 可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。,one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”, 其复数形式是ones。 that/those指代前面出现过的名词。that指代单数名词或不可数名词, 而those指代复数名词。,(3)代词it的常见考点 指代天气、时间、距离等。 代替上文提到过的事物。 代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。 代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。,it的常用固定句型 It is
21、/was+被强调成分+that+其他. It+be+adj. +of/for sb. to do sth. It is no good/use/useless/a waste of time doing sth. It is a pity/fact/no wonder/adj. +that. . .,It seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb. +that. . . It is said/reported/believed. . . +that. . . It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 主语+think/
22、believe/suppose/consider/make/keep. . . +it+补语+to do sth. /that. . . 主语+like/hate/love/appreciate. . . +it+从句,【过关检测】 He said, “no”, so I pulled out one of the butter tarts from our basket and placed _ right beside his drinks and foods. In my life, _ is music which is extremely important that brings
23、me closer to my friends and family.,it,it,(2018长春一模)After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do _ to help improve the quality of their lives. The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that _ helped people in need.,something,they,In Holland, teachers allo
24、w pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children are free to help each _. Similar arrangement also exists in some British schools. As a consequence, _ is no wonder that Chinese young people have much more affection for Christmas than Chinas Spring Festival.,other,it,(2018成都二模)A lot of t
25、he time when I reveal to my French friends that I am a vegetarian(素食者)a lot of honor comes over their faces. _ has been fascinating to experience the cultural importance of food in different countries.,It,(2018马鞍山二模)Ancient hand warmers had various designs. Round and square shapes are typical. Some
26、of _ look like pumpkins and flowers.,them,【易错警示】混淆普通代词与关系代词 We surveyed more than 100 people in the street, and most of _were concerned about the air pollution.,(变式)We surveyed more than 100 people in the street, most of _were concerned about the air pollution.,【点拨】题中, and连接两个并列句, 为避免重复, 第二个句子中用代词代替第一个句子中的people, 故填them; 题中逗号后面是定语从句, most of whom引导非限制性定语从句。,
