1、1. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的（representative） ；一贯的；平常的（normal）gkstk 应试指导 常考句型。be typical of 典型的； 有代表性的Its typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向如此做某事。【例句】It is about a Chinese romantic story，typical of Chinese culture.那是一个具有典型中国文化特色的浪漫故事。(天津 书面表达 )This painting is fairly typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代
2、表作。gkstk 夯实基础(1)Typically，he always plays jokes on others.It is typical of him to play jokes on others.(用 it 作形式主语改写句子)(2)Jack is late again.It is typical of him to(他一向如此做) keep others waiting.2. adopt vt.收养；领养；采用；采纳gkstk 应试指导 非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy 采用某方法/战略/政策an adopted
3、 son 养子an adoptive father 养父adapt vt.使适应；改造/编adapt . to 使 适应【例句】Our school has adopted a new teaching method.我们学校已采用了新的教学方法。He couldnt adapt his way of life to the company.他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。gkstk 夯实基础用 adopt，adapt 的适当形式填空(1)The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a fe
4、w months，the child came to adapt to his new life.(2)Having adopted(adopt) a new method，they worked more efficiently.(3)They treated their adopted(adopt) son as their own son.3. possess vt.拥有（ own） ；具有（have） ；支配（control）gkstk 应试指导 in possession of 作为高级词汇替换 own，belong to be possessed of 具有；拥有be in pos
5、session of 拥有（ 主语为人）be in the possession ofbe in ones possession（某物）被（某人）拥有come into ones possession 为某人所拥有take possession of 占有；拥有【例句】Mr.Smith was possessed of great selfconfidence.gkstkgkstkgkstk史密斯先生具有很强的自信心。When her father died，she came into possession of a large fortune.她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。gkstk 夯
6、实基础He is in possession of the company.(1)The company is in the possession of him.(用 the company 作主语改写句子)(2)He is possessed of the company.(用 possess 短语改写句子)(3)He possesses the company. (用 possess v改写句子)4. attempt n.企图，试图；尝试；努力（try；effort） ；v.努力；尝试；试图（try；make an effort to）gkstk 应试指导 作为高级词汇替换 tryatte
7、mpt to do/at doing.尝试 试图 做make an attempt to do/at doing.尝试做at ones/the first attempt 第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事make an attempt on sb.s life 企图杀某人【例句】The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。It was one of his rare attem
8、pts at humor.那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 I passed my driving test at the first attempt. Someone has made an attempt on the presidents life. He attempted to escape(escape) from the prison，but he couldnt find anybody to help him.(2)他们试图攀登那座小山。( 一句多译) They made an attempt to climb that hill. (a
9、ttempt n)They attempted to climb that hill. (attempt v)5. appeal n.呼吁；恳求（request） ；吸引力（attraction ） ；上诉；v.呼吁；恳求（request） ；上诉；有吸引力（attract ）gkstk 应试指导 (1)appeal to 作为高级词汇替换 attract(2)环境保护类写作高频词汇appeal to sb.for/to do.向某人呼吁 /恳求某人做appeal to sb.吸引某人；投合某人所好appeal to force 诉诸武力make an appeal to sb.向某人提出呼吁
10、have no appeal for sb.引不起某人的兴趣【例句】The Prime Minister appealed to young people to use their vote.首相呼吁年轻人行使他们的投票权。Music has little appeal for me.gkstkgkstkgkstk.Com音乐引不起我的兴趣。gkstk 夯实基础(1)On the other hand，the idea attracted him.On the other hand，the idea appealed to him.(用 appeal 改写句子 )(2)他呼吁其他领导人为这项事
11、业捐款。( 一句多译) He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause. (appeal v) He made an appeal to other leaders to donate to the cause. (appeal n)6. exchange n.交换；互换（ giving and receiving） ；交流（communication） ；兑换；v.调换；交换；交流（communicate） ；兑换（change）gkstk 应试指导 写作高频词汇：(1)交换生 exchange students (2) 交流思想 ex
12、change thoughts/ideasexchange A for B 拿 A 换 Bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物in exchange for 变换；交换in exchange 作为交换【例句】He exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift.他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。Knowledge exchange is never a oneway street.交流知识绝不是一条单行道。gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 Where can I exchange my dollars for
13、 pounds? I exchanged seats with Bill. He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.(2)He exchanged an apple with me for a piece of cake.(用动词 exchange 改写上题句)7. load n.负担（burden） ；负荷物（cargo） ；v.装载；装填（ put.onto.）gkstk 应试指导常考句型或短语。take a load off ones mind 卸下心头重负have a load on ones mind 放心不下loads
14、 ofa load of 许多load.with.用 装载load sth.into/onto sth.把放在/装进be loaded with 负载【例句】We loaded the car in ten minutes. 我们十分钟就装好了车。How long will it take to load the coal onto the truck? 装这车煤需要多长时间？gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind. He didnt want to be loaded wit
15、h any new impressions.gkstkgkstkgkstk.Com(2)Because locusts are loaded with protein，they taste a bit like fried chicken.Loaded with protein，locusts taste a bit like fried chicken. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子 )8. stress n.压力；强调；紧张（pressure） ；重要性（emphasis） ；重音；vt.强调（emphasize） ；使紧张；加压力于（press） ；用重音读gkstk 多词一义 str
16、ess，emphasize，underline，lay/put/place stress (emphasis) on under stress 在压力之下under the stress of 在的压力下lay/place/put stress on 强调stress the importance of 强调的重要性stress that.强调 【例句】The spokesman stressed the measures did not amount to an overall ban.该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。Katy could think clearly when not
17、 under stress.在没有压力的情况下凯蒂思路清晰。gkstk 夯实基础(1)He stressed the importance of a good education.He placed/laid/put stress on the importance of a good education.(用 stress 作名词改写句子)(2)The mice died because they became stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks.Stressed by the repeated changes to t
18、heir body clocks，the mice died.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)9. effect n.影响，作用；结果gkstk 应试指导常考句型和短语。have an effect on/upon 对有效；对有影响come/go into effect 生效take effect 生效；奏效bring/put.into effect 实施of no effect 没有效果的side effect 副作用in effect 实际上【例句】The whole effect is cool，light and airy. 整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。The medicine ha
19、d a good effect on me. 那种药对我有很好的功效。gkstk 夯实基础(1)Inflation is having a disastrous effect on(对有灾难性影响) the economy.(2)In effect(实际上)，our wages will fall by 2%.(3)The medicine was of no effect(没有效果) on the patient.10. disappointed adj.失望的 gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstkgkstk 应试指导 写作高分句式：What disappointed sb.is tha
20、t.be disappointed at/about sth.对 失望be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望be disappointed to do.因做失望be disappointed that 对失望to ones disappointment 令人失望的是in disappointment(disappointedly)失望地gkstk 例句Dad seemed more disappointed than angry.与其说爸爸很生气，倒不如说他很失望。gkstk 夯实基础(1)用 disappoint 的适当形式填空 To our great disap
21、pointment，it rained every day of the trip. Your work is disappointing. My mother said it was a great day，but she was just a little disappointed that it didnt last a tiny bit longer. I always felt I was a disappointment to my father.(2)He was greatly disappointed at the result and went away. Greatly
22、disappointed at the result，he went away.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)What disappointed him was the result and he went away.(用 what 引导的主语从句改写句子)11. ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的（ feeling shame or embarrassment about）gkstk 应试指导常考句型和短语。be ashamed of sb.为某人羞愧be ashamed of oneself for doing.某人做了某事而感到羞愧be ashamed to do.耻于做；因做
23、而羞愧Its a shame that.是令人遗憾的事。【例句】He is ashamed of his failure. 他对自己的失败感到羞愧。Its a shame that she isnt here to see it. 真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。gkstk 词义辨析 shameful， ashamed12. quantity n.数量；量gkstk 应试指导 主谓一致的考查in quantity 大量quantities of名词复数谓语动词许多a quantity of复数名词复数谓语动词/不可数名词单数谓语动词大量【例句】Quantities of food and tent
24、s were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。My brother bought a large quantity of books. 我弟弟买了大量的书。gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday. Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks. Why does the river around the v
25、illage smell terrible?Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute) already.(2)完成句子 Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity (大量) There are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.13. oppose vt.反对；反抗；与（某人）较量(to disagree with)gkstk 应试指导 常考句型和短语。oppose A against/to B 使 A 与 B 相对抗o
26、ppose doing sth.反对做某事be opposed to 反对as opposed to 与相对照；而非【例句】The king couldnt bear anyone to oppose him. 国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。The father is opposed to his sons marriage. 父亲反对儿子的婚事。gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 His daughter is very athletic as opposed(oppose) to his son. She is very much opposed(oppose) to your marryin
27、g her. He opposed building(build) a new hall.(2)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it.With a lot of people opposing the new proposal，the government postponed it.(用 with 复合结构改写句子)14. state vt.陈述；说明；n. 状态；情况gkstk 应试指导 图表类写作高频词汇 as (is) stated aboveIt is s
28、tated that.据称as stated above 如上所述in a.state/in a state of.处于 状态make a statement 陈述；发表声明【例句】For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression.丹尼尔去世后的最初几个月里，我一直处于临床抑郁症的状态。He stated that he knew nothing about the accident.他表示对那起事故一无所知。gkstk 夯实基础(1)The witness stated tha
29、t he had not seen the woman before.The witness made a statement that he had not seen the woman before.(用 statement 改写句子)(2)It is stated that Philip was an honest man.As is stated，Philip was an honest man.(用 as 引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)15. advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张；n.支持者；拥护者；提倡者gkstk 应试指导 (1)后跟非谓语动词的考查 (2)倡议类写作高频词
30、汇It is advocated that.主张，提倡advocate doing.主张做an advocate of/for 支持的人【例句】He was a strong advocate of free market policies and the multiparty system.他是自由市场政策和多党派制度的坚决拥护者。Mr.Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.威廉斯先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。gkstk 特别提醒advocate 后不跟不定式
31、，跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气 (should) do。gkstk 夯实基础(1)They advocates reducing military spending.It is advocated that they should reduce military spending.(用 it 作形式主语改写句子)(2)The tax policy was advocated by the Opposition and was welcomed by the local people.The tax policy advocated by the Opposition was welcomed b
32、y the local people.(用过去分词短语作定语改写句子)16. circumstance n.环境；情况gkstk 应试指导(1)under no circumstances 置于句首时倒装 (2)circumstance 作为先行词时定语从句引导词的考查in/under no circumstances 决不 neverin/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许【例句】The strategy was too
33、 dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。gkstk 名师指津抽象地点名词，如：point，stage ， case，situation ，condition ，position ，activity，race，competition ，system ，job，scene，life ，occasion，environment，circu
34、mstance 等作先行词时，用 where 引导。如：He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.Today， well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.gkstk 夯实基础(1)语法填空 He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident. Nowadays
35、 people are more concerned about the environment where they live. He may win the competition，where he is likely to get into the national team. Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills. Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see
36、themselves differently. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2)完成句子 Under no circumstances must you leave the house(必须离开房子) You must not mention your colleagues under any circumstances(在任何情况下) Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if circu
37、mstances allow/permit(如果情况允许)17. appoint vt.任命；委任(choose sb. For) ；安排，确定(时间、地点)(arrange ；decide on)gkstk 应试指导 求职类写作高频词汇appoint sb.（as/to be ）.任命某人为 appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事by appointment 按照约定have an appointment with sb.与某人有约make an appointment with sb.与某人预约 /约会【例句】They appointed him (as/to be) c
38、aptain of the English team. 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。Could I change my appointment from one to two? 我能不能把一点的约会改到两点？gkstk 夯实基础语法填空(1)The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as/to be the defence minister.(2)I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith.(3)Our doctors are seen by appointment only.(4)Amie Salmon
39、，disabled ，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.18. evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计gkstk 多词一义 evaluate，assess，valueevaluate sb./sth.评估/评价某人/某事evaluate value/importance/quality 评估价值/ 重要性/质量evaluation n评估；评价【例句】We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.我们需要对这
40、一政策产生的效果作出评价。gkstk 夯实基础(1)用 evaluate 的适当形式填空 Evaluation is standard practice for all training arranged through the school. “You need humility when evaluating the impact of globalization， ” he says. It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.(2)T
41、he doctor evaluated the patients condition and then he decided to try a new drug. After evaluating the patients condition，the doctor decided to try a new drug. (用“afterdoing” 结构改写句子) Having evaluated the patients condition，the doctor decided to try a new drug.(用分词作状语改写句子)19. suit v.适合；(使)适宜(be right for) ；n.诉讼；恳求；套装(a set of clothes)gkstk 多词一义 suitable，fit，suited ，appropriate suit sth.to sb.使某物适合某人suit ones needs 适合某人的需要be suited to/for 适合于；适宜于be suitable for 适合于
