1、高一英语 Book1 Unit3 语法导学案品味语法1. To ask him for help is necessary.2. He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.3. I found it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.4. The parents dont allow their children to go out at night.5. He said he had an important thing to attend to.6. He worked hard
2、 to learn English well.自我探究1. 例 1 是动词不定式_，可用 it 作形式主语 It is necessary to ask him for help。2. 例 2 为动词不定式作 _。3. 例 3 为 it 作_,真正的宾语是动词不定式 to finish the work in such a short time。4. 例 4 为动词不定式作 _。5. 例 5 为动词不定式作 _。6. 例 6 为动词不定式作 _。自学讲解归纳一动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，但在句中可以做主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，表语和状语等多种成分。1. 动词不定式作
3、主语（1 ） ，动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如果不定式太长，常用 it 作形式主语。To see is to believe.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.It made me happy to find my key.(2)如果要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加 for 引起的短语，构成“for+名词（或代词宾格）+ 不定式”It is easy for him to work out this math problem.(3)表示人的品性的形容词（如 clever, kind, nice wise, foolish
4、, polite, stupid,silly 等）作表语时，不定式前常用 of 引起的短语。It was foolish of him to make such a mistake.2. 动词不定式作表语不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中 do 的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.My wish is to become a university student.Her job is to look after patients.What we want to do now is (to)lie down and rest.The method proved to be high
5、ly effective.3. 动词不定式作宾语（1 ）常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,desire,determine,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,offer,manage,intend,learn,afford 等。We hope to get there before dark.He cant afford to buy the expensive car.(2).可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:know, learn, decide, think, consider, observ
6、e, wonder, settle, inquire 等。I dont know what to do.He is considering when to hold a party.(3)在某些复合宾语中，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。I think it important to keep the society steady.He thinks it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,invite,fo
7、rce,want,wish,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade 等。They told him not to be late again.The parents dont allow their children to go out at night.(2)表示使役的动词 make, let, have 和表示感官的动词 hear，watch, see, notice, observe, feel, listen to, look at，其后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。Let him try once more.I
8、saw him enter the room.注意。以上类型的句子变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号 to 必须恢复(let 除外)I often hear him sing this song.主动He is often heard to sing this song.被动5. 动词不定式作定语（1 ）不定式作定语时，常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，表示将来的动作。I have a lot of work to do.(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。He told me he had no pen to write with.She is a very nice pe
9、rson to work with.6. 动词不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因等。She got up early to catch the early bus.We were very excited to hear the news.He searched the room only to find nothing.注意：现在分词表示结果时，表示“自然产生的结果”His parents died, leaving him an orphan.二动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号前加 not;不带 to 的不定式则在动词前加 not.Zhang
10、 Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.My mother let me not to do it by myself.三动词不定式的形式和语态 不定式的语态不定式的形式主动式 被动式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式They seem to have known each other for a long time.They pretended to be working hard when the teacher came in.I wanted the letter to be typed at once.I think its an honor
11、to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.巩固练习单项填空1.The ability _an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed2.His first book_ next month is based on a true story.A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published3.The
12、 doctor has worked with patients of this kind for nine years, so he knows what _in his job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect4.With a lot of difficult problems _,the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.A. settling B. to settle C. being settled D. settled5.I like getting up very
13、early in summer, The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed6.The rule says that the last_ the office should remember _the windows.A. to leave; to close B. leaving; to close C. leaving; closing D. to leave; closing7.With the world changing fast, we hav
14、e something new_ with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing8.He hurried to the airport only _that the plane had already taken off.A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling9.Mr.Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one_.A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
