1、定语从句修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词分两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分，关系副词在定语从句中担任状语成分。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。在定语从句中可担任主语的是：who, that, which 和 as；在定语从句中可担任宾语的是： who, whom, that, which 和 as；在定语从句中可担任定语的是：whose 和 which。当先行词是人时，可用的关系词是：who,
2、 whom, that 和 as；当先行词是物时，可用的关系词是：which, that, whose 和 as。关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词=介词 +which/whom。关系词的三个功能：1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句） ； 2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语） ； 3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词） 。 A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly.A
3、plane is a machine that can fly. gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstk定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性，有逗号隔开则为非限制性。非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词 that 引导。唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词 as 引导。 考点一：判断关系代词与关系副词1. This is the museum _ I visited yesterday.gkstkgkstkgkstk2. That is the village _ we helped the farmers pick apples last fall.
4、3. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together working on the farm.【思考】用关系代词还是关系副词？第 1 题缺少 visit 的宾语，所以应该用关系代词；第 2 题关系词在句中作地点状语，应用关系副词；第 3 题关系词在句中作时间状语，应用关系副词。【注意】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。 考点二：关系代词 that 与 which以下情况，引导词用 that，不用 which。1. 先行词为不定代词 everything，little ，much，all，anything，nothing 。That is
5、all (that) I know. 那是我知道的全部。2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我绝对不会忘记我学到的第一个教训。3. 先行词被 the only，the very，the last 修饰时。It was the very book that I wanted to buy. 这就是我想要买的那本书。4. 先行词被 all, any, every, each, few ,little, no, some 等修饰。I have read all the books
6、 that you gave me. 我读完了你给我的所有书。5. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用 that。They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 他们讨论了他们记得的人和事。6. 当句中已有 which 时。Which is the desk that you want to buy? 你想买哪张椅子？以下情况引导词要用 which，不用 that。1. 关系代词作介词的宾语且介词前置时。We will visit the hospital about which I told you. 我们将去我跟你说过的那家医院。2.
7、 在非限定性定语从句中。It was raining hard yesterday, which kept us from going out. 昨天雨下得很大，我们没办法外出。3. 先行词是代词 that 时。What is that (which) the dog is running after? 那只狗在追什么？考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词 +which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。【活学活用】1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A
8、. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 【思考】 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词如何确定？He is the man on whom I think you can depend. 我认为你可以依靠他。He referred me to some reference books with w
9、hich I am not very familiar.他给我推荐了一些我不太熟悉的参考书。【注意】 “介词和关系代词” 引导的定语从句中关系代词不能用 that 和 who.下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.考点四：名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“名词/数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构。There are 50 students in our class,
10、 two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing我们班有 50 个学生，其中三分之二去过北京。gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstk【活学活用】1. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women.2. The book contains 50 poems, most of _was written in 1930s.3. I have a sentence, the meaning of _ I dont understand.【答案】 1. whom 2. which 3. which【解析】1
11、. 先行词是人，所以应用 whom。2. 先行词是 poems，关系词用 which。3. 先行词是 a sentence，关系词应用 which。考点五：关系代词 as 与 which1. 在限制性定语从句中as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前有 such，so 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略。He has bought the same type of bike as I have. 他买了一辆跟我的一模一样的自行车。Please complete the following sentences and compare:2. 在非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句所修饰的不
12、是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用 which 或 as 来引导。They are hollow, which makes them very light. 它们是中空的，这使得它们很轻。As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。【区别】(1) 位置：as 引导的定语从句可以放在句首、句中、句末；which 引导的定语从句通常放在主句之后。就像你知道的，地球围绕着太远转。As you know, the earth moves around the sun./The earth, as y
13、ou know, moves around the sun./The earth moves around the sun, as you know./He passed the final exam, which made us happy.(2) as 有 “就像那样；正如”，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。as is said 据说 as is announced 据宣布 as is reported 据报道as is expected 正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料 as has been explained 正如所解
14、释的那样as may be imagined 正如可能想象的那样 as is pointed out 正如所指出的那样as is mentioned above 正如上文所提到的 as is shown 如展示的那样 as is known to all 如大家所知 as we all know 如我们所知 as is often the case 通常就是这样He passed the driving test, which made him very happy.他通过了驾照考试，这让他很高兴。考点五：whose 引导的定语从句表示所属关系They live in a house, who
15、se door opens to the south. 他们住在一间门朝南开的房子里。gkstkgkstkgkstkThey live in a house, whose door opens to the south. （whose 从句可转换为“ n.+of+关系代词”型。）【小试牛刀】1. Xiao Ming is the student _ pronunciation is the best in our class.A. who B. whom C. whose D. his2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into
16、 her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that3. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose4. This is the best place _ I have visited.A. which B. that C. where D. when5. The knife _ we cut the bread is very sharp.A. with which B. with that C. which
17、D. that6. He met my mother, from _ he got the news of my sisters marriage.A. whom B. who C. which D. whose7. Have you ever found the student _ brother joined the army?A. whose B. who C. whom D. that8. September 18,1931 is the day _ well never forget.A. that B. when C. on which D. on that9. ls this village _ some students visited last year?A. where B. which C. that D. the one10. Is this the factory _?A. which your father works B. in it your father worksC. where your father works D. for which your father works ingkstkgkstkgkstk版权所有：学优高考网()
