1、牛津英语 8AUnit 1 知识讲解（2）重点讲解His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks.他的双腿很长，放在桌子底下不舒服.fit 动词，过去式和过去分词要双写 t 加 ed，现在分词也要双写 t 加 ing.a作不及物动词，意为“ 合适”“ 合身”。如：Your clothes 6t well你的衣服很合身。The door fits badly这个门装得不合适。They dont 6t together它们配不起来。b作及物动词，意为“适合”“装上”。如：The coat doesnt fit me
2、这件大衣我穿不合身。The suit fitted her nicely.这身衣服以前很合她的身。The key doesnt fit the lock这钥匙不配这把锁。They fitted the doors with a lock他们在门上装上了锁。2. he often knocks over our books and pens.常常把我们的书和钢笔撞落下去knock over 意为 “撞翻”“碰翻” ，over 用作副词。如：Who knocked that bottle over? 谁把瓶子撞翻了?He knocked over a cup of tea他碰翻一杯茶.Who kn
3、ocked it over? 谁把它撞倒了?注knock over 常指“使往前倒”或“绊倒” 之意。 Knock down 可指“打倒”“撞倒”“击落”“ 拆除” 等。如：I almost knocked him down 我差一点把他撞倒。They knocked down an enemy plane 他们击落一架敌机。These old buildings will sooner u later be knocked down 这些旧房子迟早得拆掉。Knock (up) against 碰撞 同冲突3. I thought of my great friend May when I r
4、ead your advertisement.读了你们的广告后我想到了我的好朋友梅。think ofathink of 意为“ 想到”。如：We often think of you我们常常想到你。This made us think of our days at school这使我们想起求学的日子 oHe thinks of others more than himself他想到别人多于自己。We have to think of away to help him 我们得想个办法帮助他。b与 what 连用，意为 “对的看法如何”。如：What do you think of the fil
5、m? 你觉得这电影怎么样?What did you think of his talk yesterday? 你觉得他昨天的报告怎么样?4. When something worries me, I can always go to her.当有什么事令我担忧时，我总是能向她求助。go to her 向她求助5. say a bad word about sb意为“讲某人的坏话”=speak ill of sb如：He is an man who never says a bad word about anyone他是一个从不说任何人坏话的人。It is impolite to say a b
6、ad word about someone behind him在别人背后讲别人的坏话是不礼貌的。注say a good word about sb意为“讲某人的好话 ”；=speak well of sb 如：He often says a good word about you before me他经常在我面前讲你的好话。注 此短语中 word 一般不用复数。6. Help him fill in the blanks此句中的 fill in 意为“填写”“填上”。如：Fill in your name, please请填上你的名字。Please fill in this form请你把这
7、份表填一下。Letfill in the hole in the wall咱们把墙上这个洞堵上。注fill in with用 “填”。如：Fill in the blanks with suitable words用适当的词填空。7. Mr Zhou dropped got mixed up此句中的 get mixed 叩属系动词加表语结构。其中 get 可换 be 或 become，意为“弄糊涂了”“搞乱”“卷入” “和搅在一起”。如：Im a11 mixed up我完全给弄糊涂了。His ideas are all mixed up你的想法全乱了。Im getting mixed up i
8、n my old age我有点儿老糊涂了。How did you become mixed up in such affairs你怎么会卷入，这种事情中去的呢?They advised me not to get mixed up with such people 他们建议我不要和这种人搞在一起。8. What are they saying ? say 作及物动词。试比较： say，tell，talk ，speak。atell 及物动词，通常用 tell sbsth(双宾语)，除开一些名词(a lie，story，the truth) 之外.He told me the good news他
9、告诉我那个好消息。They told us useful information他们告诉我们有用的信息。bsay 作及物动词。通常接一个宾语。Please say it in English请用英语说。He didnt say who told it to him 他没说谁告诉他此事的。ctalk 不及物动词，后接 about，意为“谈论有关”。towith sb意为“与某人交谈 ”。如：He talked with me about his studies他和我谈了他的学习情况。What are you talking about? 你们在谈什么?dspeak 通常作不可数名词 (当表示讲语
10、言时可作及物动词，后接语言作speak 的宾语。) He was too excited to speak.他激动得说不出话来。Whom are you speaking to? 你在和谁说话?Can you speak English7 你会讲英语鸭?( 及物动词)注speak to sb=talk to sb , speak about=talk about。9. Vote for the best friend其中 vote for 意为“投票”“投票赞成” 。反义词为 vote against。如：I1l vote foragainst you我投票选你不选你。We vote for
11、/against your plan .我们投票赞成/反对你的计划。I have reached the age to vote .我已到了法定选举年龄。10. Can l have something to drink ?something，anything ，nothing，everything 是不定代词a作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：Something has gone wrong with my watch我的表坏了。Nothing was left after the fire火灾之后什么也没留下。Everything is ready一切准备就绪。bsomething 用于肯定
12、句，用于表示“请求”“ 邀请”或“建议” 的问句。如：He has something to tell you他有事想告诉你。Can you give me something to eat9给点东西我吃，好吗?Why not have something to drink?为什么不喝点什么?canything 用于否定勺或问句或 whether，if 引导的从句中。如：I didnt have anything to eat yesterday 昨天我没吃任何东西。Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗 ?We cant do anything a
13、bout 让对此事我们无能为力。He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio他问收音机有没有出毛病。注 not anything：nothingalmost nothing：hardly anythingWe didnt have anything to eat=We had nothing to eat 我们没有吃的东西了。He ate almost nothing. =He hardly ate anything. 他几乎什么也没吃。danything 作主语时谓语一般用肯定式。如：I am very hungryAnything
14、will do 我很饿，任何充饥都可以。everything 与否定词连用时，意为 “并非一切都”，表示部分否定。如：Everything that glitters is not gold发光的并非都是金子。11.What about some milk?(=Would you like some milk?)表示邀请、建议或询问对方的意见。其中 What 可用 How 代替。如：What about something to drink? 喝点东西怎么样?What about going shopping? 去购物怎样?What about the pizza in your bowl ?
15、 Maybe we can share 讧你碗里的比萨饼怎么样?也许我们可以分享。How about a party for your birthday? 给你的生日办个宴会怎样?注about 是介词后接名词、代词的宾格，动词的 ing 形式或代词的宾格加 ing形式。如：What about us going to see a film? 我们去看电影好吗?12.Can l have some more food，too ?此句中的 some more food 意为“再来一些食物” ，其中 some 作副词，修饰 more表示数量或程度，在比较级前面可加一些数量词来表示超过或少于的数量或程
16、度。如：a little more a few moresome more some moremuch more +不可数名词 many more any more（否定句/问句） any more （否定句/ 问句） +可数名词复数no more no more基数词+moreI have much more milk than he. 我的牛奶比他的牛奶多得多。He has many more friends than I 他的朋友比我的朋友多得多。She has no more money than you 她和你一样没钱。My brother has two more books th
17、an I 我哥哥比我多两本书。There is nothing else in the fridge.此句中的 else 可用在不定代词后疑问句后面，意为“别的”“其它的”。如：Does anyone else want to SO there? 还有别的人想去那儿吗?I have nothing else to do now现在我没别的事要做。What else do you want? 你还要些什么?Is there anything else I Can do for you? 还有别的事我可以为你效劳的吗 ?13. Qualities of a good friend其中 qualit
18、y 可作不可数名词和可数名词，意为“品质” 或“质量”。指人的品质时是可数名词，通常用复数；指物的质量时，通常作不可数名词。如：He is a man with many good qualities 他是一个有许多美德的人。These goods are of high quality. 这些货物质量很高。One of his good qualities is working hard 他的一个好品质是勤劳。We should keep the fine qualities Of the working people 我们应该保持劳动人民的优良品质。注 作定语时不用复数。如：Poor qu
19、ality goods wont sell easily 劣质品不易销售。14.friendly 是由名词 friend 加后缀-ly 构成的形容词，又如 lovely 可爱的， brotherly 兄弟般的，motherly 母亲般的。形容词作定语、表语。如：He gave me a friendly smile 他给了我一个友好的微笑。She is friendly to others 她对人很友好。What a lovely day it is today! 今天天气真好!politely 是形容词 polite 加 1y 构成副词。如 clearly 清楚地，secretly 秘密地，
20、honestly 诚实地。副词作状语，修饰谓语动词。如：We should speak politely to old people对长者我们说话要礼貌。He came into the room secretly 他悄悄地进入房间。Could you explain it clearly ? 你能把它解释清楚吗 ?15.good-looking 属复合形容词，由形容词加现在分词构成。类似的还有 nice-looking 好看的，bad-looking 难看的，strange-looking 样子古怪的，ordinary-looking 相貌平常的。 She is a good-looking
21、 8id=She is a girl who looks good 她是一个好看的女孩。Our English teacher is an ordinary-looking man=Our English teacher is a man who looks ordinary. 我们的英语老师是一个相貌一般的人。He lives in a strange-looking house=He lives in a house which looks strange 他住在一所样子古怪的房子里。注 复合形容词一般放在名词前作定语。15. 形容词一般由名词加一些后缀构成。后缀有：加 y windy 刮
22、风的，cloudy 多云的，snowy 下雪的，rainy 多雨的，hilly 多小山的， sunny 阳光灿烂的加 ful hopeful 有希望的，harmful 有害的，helpful 有帮助的， careful 小心的加 less homeless 无家可归的，hopeless 无希望的， helpless 无依无靠的，careless 粗心的加 al musical 音乐的， physical 物理的加 ous famous 有名的，poisonous 有毒的加 ableible comfortable 舒服的，unforgettable 难忘的， terrible 可怕的加 ly
23、lovely 可爱的，friendly 友好的，orderly 有秩序的加 some troublesome 讨厌的，tiresome 令人厌倦的注 动词后 + ive 或 ative 构成形容词talkative 健谈的 protective 保护的 attentive 认真的 active 活跃的16. Daniel wants to describeClub其中的 describe sthto sb意为“ 向某人描述某物” ，describe as意为“把说成”。如：I cant describe my joy to you with words 我无法用言语向你描述我的快乐。Can y
24、ou describe it to me? 你能把它描述给我听吗?He describes himself as 9 doctor 他自称是医生。People describe him as really clever 人们说他是真正的聪明。17.在英语中有些描述性形容词。如：abeautiful，pretty 通常只用于修饰女性，也可修饰物。beautiful 意为“美丽的”“美观的”强调天生的美。自然的美。如：a beautiful faceflowervoice 美丽的面孔花朵嗓音beautiful weathermusic 悦人的天气音乐bpretty 意为 “可爱的精致的”“ 漂亮的
25、”“吸引人的”(并非华丽)，侧重经过人的加工而吸引人的精致或漂亮。如：a pretty girlgarden picture 漂亮的女郎花园图画chandsome 用于修饰男性，意为“英俊的”，用于修饰女性时意为“俊俏的” ，侧重指女性的体态。也可用于修饰物。如：He is S handsome fellow他是一个英俊的男子。Would you describe that woman as handsome Or beautiful? 你觉得那女子是体态俊俏还是美丽?What a handsome old building it is! 多么美观的一座古老的建筑啊!d1ovely 意为“ 可
26、爱的动人的美丽的”(：beautifulpretty)“ 令人快乐的” 。如：a lovely(=beautiful)view 可爱的景色a lovely(=pretty)woman 美丽的女人a lovely(=pleasant)holiday 快乐的假期esmart 意为“漂亮”“时髦的”“聪敏的”(=bright，well-dressed，fashionable，quick-minded)a smart(=pretty)hat 漂亮的帽子a smart(=fashionable)dress 时尚的衣服a smart(=clever)student 有头脑的学生fgood-looking
27、意为“ 好看的”，通常只指人，不指物，程度上不如 beautiful和 pretty 那么强。如：Who is that good-looking boy? 那个好看的男孩是谁?Do you know that good-looking girl? 你认识那个长得好看的女孩吗 ?18.outdoor 户外的 反意词为 indoors“在户内” 。如：outdoor sports 户外运动 an outdoor theatre 露天剧场an outdoor life 野外生活 go outdoors for training 到野外进行训练indoor gyms 室内体操 indoor exer
28、cise 户内锻炼keep indoors 呆在家里 go indoors 进屋stay outdoors on summer evenings 夏日晚上呆在户外19. I try my best to help themtry ones best 后接 to do sth，意为“ 尽力做某事(但不一定成功)”，与 do ones best to do 和 try to do 同义。best 作宾语看作不可数名词，不能加“s”如：I tried to pass the exam but failed 我尽力想通过考试但却失败了。He will try his best to catch up
29、with his classmates 他将尽力赶上同班同学。We1l do our best to complete the work in time 我们将尽最大努力按时完成工作。They tried their best to make their mother happy. 他们尽量使他们的母亲开心。注 在这个短语中 best 不能加“s”，后接 to do 不接 doing。例如表示“我们的队员尽力想在比赛中打败他们。”20. I hope to in the future句中 in the future 意为“ 在未来”，in the past 意为“在过去”，at present
30、 意为“在现在”，它们表示不同的时间故与不同的时态连用。如：He says he will be a doctor in the future 他说他将来要当医生。He will join the army in the future 他长大后，将入伍。 My parents lived a hard life in the past 我父母过去过着一个艰苦的生活。21. What is he like?此句型用来问一个人的外表(appearance)或品质(character)。如：“What is sb like?”“He is tall and thin” “他长得怎样?”“又高又瘦。”
31、“What it your sister like?”“She is beautiful and polite”“你姐姐是怎样的一个人?”“ 她美丽而有礼貌。”“What is your English teacher like?”“He is strict with us but helpful tO us”“你们的英语老师怎样 ?”“他对我们要求严格但是对我们很有帮助。”注 What is sb? 意为 “某人干什么工作的?”用来问职业。How is sb? 意为“某人身体怎么样 ?”，用来问身体情况。如：“What is your father ?“He is a driver”“你父亲
32、是干什么工作的?”“ 是司机。”“How is your mother?”“She enjoys good health ” “你母亲身体如何?”“很好。”22.Whos the girl next to Peter?中的 next to 意为“紧靠”(：beside)或“仅次于”“几乎”Next to the cinema is a bookstore电影院的旁边是一家书店。He sits next to me他坐在我的旁边。Which is the largest city next to Beijing? 哪个城市在规模上仅次于北京 ?He has eaten next to nothi
33、ng. 他几乎什么也没吃。注 next 也可作介词，如：Sit next him坐在他旁边。 wear a shirt next ones skin 贴身穿衬衫23.I am very unhappywith my new school此句中 have some problems with意为“在某方面有困难” ，其中 problems 可换成 difficulties。have some problems with(in)doing sth意为“ 在学做某事中有问题” ，其中 problems可换成 difficultytrouble。如：Do you have any problems w
34、ith your English? 你英语方面有问题吗?Do you have any difficultytrouble(in)studying English? 你学英语中有困难吗?注 problem 和 questionproblem 意为“ 需要对付或处理的问题 ”或“理科中的难题 ”。question 意为“需要回答的问题需要讨论或考虑的问题”或“ 疑问”。solve a problem 解决问题 social problems 社会问题 a maths problem 一道数学难题“Can you finish the work today? “No problem” “今天你能完
35、成作业吗?”“没问题。”ask sba question 问某人一个问题 a question of time 时间问题answer my question 回答我的问题There is no question about his honesty. 他的诚实是毫无疑问的。24.“I missvery much”中 miss 意为“想念”。miss 作及物动词意为“想 念，错过”等。amiss 作及物动词，意为“想念” 。如：How l miss my parents! 我好想念我的父母啊! We are missing you very much我们非常想念你。I miss you terri
36、bly我非常惦记你。bmiss 作及物动词，意为“错过误(车)”“未击中”。后接名词或名词(doing) ，不能接动词不定式。如：He got up late this morning and missed his usual bus他今天早上晚起，没赶上他通常乘坐的那班汽车。I missed my footing and felt down 我踏空摔了下来。She missed seeing the film 她错过了那场电影。I am sorry to miss the chance错过那个机会我感到很难过。cmissing 意为“丢失的”“缺席的”。如：a book with some
37、pages missing 一本缺了几页的书a missing child 丢失的孩子 a missing bike 丢失的自行车 missing lessons缺的课25.I hopesome advice此句中的 advice 意为“劝告”“忠告”，作不可数名词，apiece of advice 一条忠言， Up 也可作“告诫 ”“指示” 解释，作可数名词。suggestion 也作“建议” 解释，作可数名词。如：Please take my advicemy Up and dont run the risk 听我的告诫别冒这个险。He gave me the tip to make fr
38、iendsHe gave me some advice on making friends他给我一些交友的建议。They are some tips for making e-friends这儿有关于交网友的几条建议。They made some suggestions at the meeting. 在会议上他们提出了一些建议。advice 可组成下列短语：ask for sbs advice 征求某人的意见give advice 提出劝告 follow ones advice 遵照某人的嘱咐take ones advice 听取某人的劝告 do sth byon ones advice 按
39、某人的劝告做某巩固练习I单项选择1.Is he going to the cinema?_.AYes I think so BNo，I dont thinkCNo I dont think DI think not2.All the students are busy_the testApreparing B. preparing for Cdoing Dfinding3.I feel_every time l think of the traffic accidentAfrightful Bfrightening Cfrightened Dfright4.The film was so_th
40、at 1 was_when l saw 让Afrightening， frightened Bfrightened， frighteningCfrightened，frightful Dfrightening，frightful5.This is_interesting work We really enjoy it.Aa Ban C Dthe6.The sign_，“NO Parking”Aread Bwas reading Cwas read Dhad read7. _your coat at onceWe must hurryAWear BWearing CPut on DPutting
41、 on8.Having too much soft drink is bad for your_.Ahealthy Bhealth Chealthily Dwell9.The twins are much_.Asimilar Blike Calike Dmore like10.Please do it _ I show youAlike Bas Cfor Dalike.翻译下列词组1.看报纸_ 2.与某人共事_3.准备晚饭 _ 4.考虑_5.征求某人的意见_ 6.紧靠_7.在未来_ 8.尽力干某事_9.交朋友 _ 10.投票_用动词适当形式填空1.What_they_ (do)last nig
42、ht?2.Are you good at_ (swim)?3. _ (not be) 1ate again， 九 m14.Myparents_ (clean)the car now5.Lucy sometimes_ (watch)TV at home on Sundays6.What are yon going to do? How about_ (have)a walk?7.Im going to play football Would you like_ (come)，too?8.We _ (not have)any classes next week完型填空Mr Smith lived
43、in a village far away _1_ a town One day he fell very ill and everyone _2_ he would die They sent for a doctorThe doctor _3_ and looked at the man closely The doctor asked for a pen and _4_ paper to write down the name of the medicine But there was no pen _5_ paper because all the villagers had neve
44、r gone to school before. The doctor had to use a piece of charcoal to write down he name of the medicine on the door of the house“Get this medicine for him，”he said，“and he will _6_ get better”Mr Smiths family and friends didnt know _7_ to doThey could not read the _8_ writingThen Mr Smiths son had
45、an ideaHe took _9_ the door of the house， put it on his back and ran to the nearest townHe bought the medicine After Mr Smith took the medicine， he soon got rid of his _10_He would not let anyone wash the magic words from the door( )1.Ain Bfrom Cto Dat( )2.Athinks Bsaw Cthought Dsure( )3.Aarrived B.
46、 got to Carrived at Dreached( )4.Aa Bany Cthe Dsome( )5.Aor Bnor Cand Dbut( )6.A. quick Bquickly Csoon Dfast( )7.Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhy( )8.Abeautiful Bbad C. good Dstrange( )9.Aon Bby Coff Dup( )10.A i11 Bil1ness Csick Ddeath参考答案I1.选 A。2.选 B。prepare sth“ 准备某事 ” “做某事”，动作直接作用到 sth.上；而 prepare for sth意为“ 为某事做准备 ”。故选 B 项。3.选 C。4.选 A。5.选 B。6.选 B。7.选 C。：“穿上” 用 put on；“ 穿着”状态用 wear。8.选 B。9.选 C。相像用“be alike”。10.选 B。as“ 正如” 。1.read newspapers 2.work together with s
