1、I. Language points 1. We will be cared for by robots. 机器人将照顾我们。这是一个被动语态的句子,运用的是被动语态的将来时态。care for 喜欢;照顾;照料e.g. You d better learn to care for yourself. 你最好学会自己照顾自己。2. Robots will help us with our homework.help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人e.g. Dont worry. I can help you with your work. 别着急,工作方面我可以帮你。3. Spa
2、ce travel will make people feel very ill. 太空旅行让人们感觉不舒服。make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make 让;使 是使役动词,这类动词有作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to。e.g. They made the boy go to bed early. 他们让这个男孩早睡.4. large numbers of 很多,许多5. make friends with sb 与某人交朋友I want to make friends with you. 我想和你们交朋友。6. but many people believe that we w
3、ill live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.但是很多人相信到 2100 年我们将会住在火星上。that 引导的是宾语从句,that 有时可以省略。e.g. I know (that) he is a good student. 我知道他是个好学生。by the year 2100 到 2100 年为止e.g. By the end of the month, he will be back. 到这个月底为止,他就会回来。7. How long dose it take to fly to Mars at present? 目前用多长时间飞往火星?t
4、ake: 花费,英语中作“花费”讲的词有 spend, cost, pay, taketake cost pay spend 的区别(1) take: 一般用 it 做形式主语 构成句子 It takes / will take / took + sb. + 一段时间 + to do sth.例如:It takes Mary one hour to go to school by bike.Mary 骑车上学需要一个小时。(2) cost: 花费,价值(用物做主语,指花钱)例如:This jacket cost 200 dollars. 这件夹克价值 200 美元。(3) pay: 为.付款(
5、用人做主语,常与 for 搭配)(4) spend: 花(时间/金钱) (用人做主语,常和 on/in 搭配)a. spend + 名词 + on sth. 把.花在.e.g. He spent all his saving on a new car.他将所有的积蓄都花在一辆新车上。b. spend + 名词 + (in) sth. 做.花. 花.(用于)做.e.g. He spends 2 yuan in having breakfast every morning.他每天吃早饭花 2 元钱。8. We are wondering whether we can grow plants on
6、Mars.我们想知道火星上是否能种植物。whether “是否”,引导的是宾语从句。e.g. I dont know whether he is right or not. 我不知道他对还是错。whether 有时可以换成 if。e.g. We dont know if it is really safe. 我们不知道它是否真的安全。9. be afraid of 害怕.e.g. Most of girls are afraid of snakes. 大多数的女孩子怕蛇。10. do harm to sb (do sb. harm) 伤害 .;危害.;对.有害处e.g. Excessive d
7、rinking will do you a lot of harm.Or: Excessive drinking will do a lot of harm to you. 饮酒过度对你有害。11. turn on 打开(电灯,电视等);接通电路 反义短语为 turn off12. Would you like to live on Mars? 你愿意住在火星上吗?Would you like 或 Would you love 后接动词不定式。肯定答语:Yes, Id like to. Or: Yes, Id love to.e.g. Would you like to come to my
8、party this Sunday? Yes, Id like to 本周日你愿意来参加我的 party 吗? 我愿意。13.Itll be great to have robots do all the homework for us.让机器人为我们做所有的家庭作业太棒了!本句中的 it 作形式主语,后面的动词不定式作真正的主语。e.g. It is cheaper to buy most things on Mars.在火星上买东西比较便宜。动词不定式的用法:(1) 在句中基本可作除去谓语以外的任何成分。它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。如:To see is to believ
9、e. 眼见为实 (主语,表语)I like to plant trees. 我喜欢种树。(宾语)He needs a blackboard to write on .(定语)(2) 动词不定式的否定形式:not to do (3) 动词不定式的复合结构:for sb. to do (sth)(4) 句型:It is + adj. + to do sth. (it 作形式主语)14.They make us feel like we are really inside the games!他们让我们感觉真地在游戏中。feel like 感觉,想做(后加 V-ing)e.g. Do you fee
10、l like taking a walk? 你要不要去散散步?II. Grammar(一) 情态动词 can / could; may / might 的用法。1. 情态动词 can / could 的用法(1)can / could 的形式:肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式现在式 can cannot cant过去式 could could not couldnt(2) can /could 的用法:a. 表示能力e.g. I can speak several language very well besides Russian and Korean.我能流利地说几种语言,包括俄语和韩语。I c
11、ould speak well until I was five years old.直到五岁时我才能流利地说话。注:could 是 can 的过去式。b. 表示可能性e.g. In winter in North China, the temperature can be below 40C.在中国的北方,冬天温度有时候会低于零下 40C。c. 表示许可当希望得到别人的许可时,用 could 比用 can 语气更加委婉。e.g. Can / Could I take this seat, sir, if you dont mind?先生,如果你不介意,我可以坐这个位子吗?2. 情态动词 ma
12、y/ might 的用法(1) may/ might 的形式:肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式现在式 may may not maynt过去式 might might not mightnt(2) may/ might 的用法:a. 表示许可may 和 might 表示“许可”比 can 和 could 更正式。e.g. May / Might I have a few words with your manager, please?我可以和你的经理谈一谈吗?I think you may drive my car, but be careful.我想你可以开我的车,不过得小心。b. 表示可能性e.
13、g. We may go camping this Saturday.本周六我们可能去宿营。(二) 宾语从句:1. 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 (object clause),引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问副词等。2. 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有:that, whether, if。that 引导表示陈述的宾语从句(有时 that 可以省略),whether 和 if 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。例如:(1) He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。(关联词是从属连词 that)(2) I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。(在非正式文体中关联词 that 可以省略)。(3) I dont know if you can help me.我不知道你是否能帮我。(关联词是从属连词 if)(4) Nobody knows whether she likes school.没人知道她是否喜欢上学。(关联词是从属连词是 whether)3. whether 和 if 可以互换,但是在含有or not 的宾语从句中只能使用 whether, 而不能使用 if。e.g. I dont know whether she will come back or not.我不知道她回不回来。