1、教案（牛津版） Module 4Unit2 Grammar and usageTeaching Aims:1、 Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2、 Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and t
2、he perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.Teaching Important Points:1、 Develop the students ability of using modal verbs.2、 How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.Teaching Difficult Points:Develop the students ability of using modal verbs and how to make students ma
3、ster the usage of modal verbs.Teaching Methods:Explanation and exerciseTeaching Aids:1. The multimedia2. The blackboardTeaching Procedures:Step1 Warming upSay some sentences to warm up students: Can you drive ? He can jump 2 meters.You must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life.Step2 Lead in Le
4、t students say sentences including modal verbs as many as possible.Step3 Activities: (1)Introduce modal verbs with the following: Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldnt. If we talk about the ability someone has now , we use “can”. If we talk about the ability s
5、omeone had in the past, we usually use “could”.Ask students: If we talk about the ability in the future, what modal verbs do we use ?( will, shall, be able to )(2) Ask students to make sentences using these words to talk about ability.Show the usage of the modal verbs on the screen.(3) Talk about ob
6、ligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”,Show the usage of the modal verbs on the screen.Step4 Write the following sentence on the blackboard :I might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the TV programme tonight.Explain the usage of these modal verbs, showing more example
7、s on the screen.Step5 Explain the usage of permission of the modal verbs “Can, could, might”Show the examples on the screenStep6. Ask students to read Part 1 on page 28 to find out how modal verbs are used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty and permission, showing more examples to the stud
8、ents and explaining the usage to the students.Step7 Ask students to read Part 2 about the modal verbs of making requests, suggestions or offers, and give advice.Step8 Ask students to read the instructions for the exercise on page 29, complete the article individually, and then check the answers in c
9、lass. Ask students to give reasons for each choice they make.Step 9 Ask students to read Part 4 on Page 28. Make sure that they understand why the continuous form or the perfect form is used in the example sentences.Homework: Part C1 on page 100 of the workbookReference for teaching情态动词语法特征:1） 情态动词不
10、能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不带 to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s 。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。1. 比较 can 和 be able to 1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用 could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could） 。be able to 可以用于各种时态,例如：will/shall be able to, would be able to, have/has/had been able to, m
11、ust/may/might be able to。例如：They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldnt.When my grandfather was young, he could swim across the river.注意：could 有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，主要用于疑问句，答语应用 can（注意在回答中不可用could） 。例如：- Could I ha
12、ve the television on? 我能看电视吗？- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 2）只用 be able to 的情况： a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用 was/were able to，表示在过去某时的某一场合设法做成了某事，=managed to do,而 could 则无此意义，不能用 could。例如：1The fire was
13、 very big, but most people were able to escape from it.2. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。1.A:Do you know when Mr Hawking will be able to visit the school?B: He said he might be able to come next month, but hes no
14、t sure.2. I have been trying to get online for quite a long time, but I havent been able to access the Internet on the new computer.3. He has lived in Russia for three years. So he must be able to understand some Russian.4. As a secretary, it is important to be able to type quickly.5. You can get to
15、 the stadium either by bus or by underground.6. The woman couldnt fall asleep as it was 12 p.m. and her son still wasnt home.2. 比较 may 和 might 1)表示允许或请求；否定回答是，一般要用 mustnt,表示“禁止” “阻止”-May I watch TV?-Yes, you may./ No, you mustnt.2)表示没有把握的推测,可能性的推测，含有“或许” “可能” “大概”的意思，用 might 代替 may 时，则语气显得更加不肯定（不用与疑
16、问句）He might be at home. 他可能在家。It may be true.He might have some fever.She may come tomorrow. 注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比 may 小。 典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will答案 B. 表可能性只能用 may。此句意可从后半句推出。3)may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！May you s
17、ucceed! May God be with you!4)表示请示、允许时,might 比 may 的语气更委婉，用 May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常口语中，用 Can I征询对方意见更为常见。- Might I use your telephone?- Yes, please.- May/Can I go home now? - Yes, you may/can.比较 have to 和 must 1）两词都是必须 的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。例如：1. My brother was very i
18、ll, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 （客观上需要做这件事）2.He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。 （主观上要做这件事）3. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.4. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. 2）have to 有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must 只有一种形式。但 must
19、 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：dont have to 表示“ 不必“，mustnt 表示“禁止“ 。例如：1.You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。2.You mustnt tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。 4）mustA. 表示“必须” “应该” ，语气比 should, ought to 强烈。其否定形式 mustnt表示“不准” “不应该” “禁止”等意。must
20、nt “不准，不许” 语气强烈, neednt “不需要，没必要” 语气缓和You mustnt miss this football match. Its very important.You neednt watch the game if you dont want to.B. 在回答带有 must 的问句时,否定回答常用 neednt 或 dont have to,表示不必”-Must I come back before 10? -Yes, you must./No, you neednt/ dont have to.C. must 表示有把握的推测,一定,准是,想必,只用于肯定句中
21、It must be your headmaster.There must be a hole in the wall. D. must 表示偏偏要做,表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦,表示一种重要或急迫的事情.1. Though she neednt, she must go. 偏偏2. You didnt have to come again, but you must. 偏偏3. We have to care for the the young. 义务.4. -How old are you, madam? -If you must know, Im twice my sons age.E
22、. must 也可以作名词,表示必须做看或听等的事情.His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.4. 比较 will 和 would 注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？2）Will you? Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用 some, 而不是 any。例如：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。3）否定结构中
23、用 will，一般不用 would, wont you 是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down? 你不坐下吗？4) 表示意志或意愿,will 表示现在, would 指过去I will never do that again.They said they would help us.5) 表示请示或建议时,用 would 比用 will 委婉和客气.Will/ Would you please pass him the book?6) 表示习惯性动作,总是,惯于,will 指现在,would 指过去Fish will die without water.Every evening,
24、 she would sit by the window, deep in thought.7) 表示预料或猜想,表示大概会It would be about 10 when he left home.I thought he would have told you about it.5. 比较 used to 和 would 的区别1）表示过去重复的习惯时,两个都可以.He would/used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.2）used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有过去怎样,现在却不这样了, would则单纯表示过去的
25、习惯性动作,常与 often, every day 等连用He used to be a very strong man. She isnt what she used to be.We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我们每天晚上坐在院子里,听他讲故事.3）表示过去的状态,只能用 used to,不可用 wouldThere used to be a temple on the top of the mountain. 6. 比较 need 和 dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态
26、动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带 to，而dare 作实义动词用时, 后面的 to 时常可以被省略。1） 实义动词：need（需要 , 要求） need + n. / to do sthWe need to tell him the news.You dont need to tell him the news.Do the flowers need watering?2） 情态动词：need，只用原形 need 后加 do，否定形式为 need not。例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？Yes, I must. / No,
27、 I neednt.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走.-Need I help you? -Yes, please. You neednt ask him the question.dare 表示 “敢,敢于”,作情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句,一般不用于肯定句中.-Dare you go alone there?- Yes, I dare./ No, I darent.How dare he do such a thing?用作实义动词时,其变化形式和一般动词相同.在肯定句中,dare 后通常接带to 的不定式，在否定句和疑问句中，dare 后面既可带 to 也可不带 to. Wou
28、ld you dare to catch the snake with your hand?The boy dares to do anything he likes.No one dares to swim in that river.He doesnt dare (to) climb that tall tree.Dont you dare (to) touch it?How dare you (he)?表示愤怒，谴责，不表示疑问How dare you call him a liar?你怎敢说他撒谎？I dare say/I daresay 我相信，可能She will keep her
29、 word, I dare say. 我想她会守信用的。-I would imagine hes forgotten. - I dare say.7. ought to/ shouldA. ought to 应该You ought to take care of him.- Ought I to go now?- Yes, you ought to./No, you oughtnt to.表示推测，表示某个情况是合理的，符合逻辑的He must be home by now. 断定He ought to be home by now. 不十分肯定B. ought to/ shouldshoul
30、d 表示自己的主观看法，而 ought to 语气重，含有按道理应该，如果要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定时用 ought to. ought to 在省略答语中，如果表示本应该或本不应该时，要在 to 后加 have,除此之外要加 to.1. You should help them with their work.2. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive a good education.should 的用法1.表示义务， “应该” ，用于各种人称You should be polite to your teacher.
31、You shouldnt spend so much time playing computer games.2.表示推测， “想必，估计 ”的意思If they start today, they should arrive there in two days.3.表示与想象的不一样” 照说应该 ”I wonder where Mary is. she should be here now.4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气He suggested that I (should) go to shanghai tomorrow.He demanded that we (should) solve
32、 the problem at once.5.表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感情色彩I am surprised he should eat so little every day.8shall/shouldshall 表示应该,常指法律、条约或协定中的义务和规定。You shall not do it like that. 可能是违法或违反协定You should not do it like that. 仅是劝解与第二或第三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话人的意图、命令、允诺、警告You shall have a lot of money. 意图=Ill give you a lot of mon
33、ey.You shall get your photos before tomorrow noon.He shall be punished if he still stays here.与第一或第三人称连用，询问对方的意见或请求指示。Shall we begin now?Shall the driver wait outside or give him an hours rest?A: Shall he come in? B: Ok.make offersIll wash your sports jacket.Shall I get a ticket for you?Shall we car
34、ry the books for you ?should 表示应该，常有一种道义上的责任或义务；居然，竟然，常表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜或高兴的情绪，Why/How should?竟会，表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外和惊讶；表示推测时，表示确定的或可能有的未来或期望。You should do it because you have promised to.I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.Im surprised he should eat so little every day.Why should he
35、think like that? I cant believe it.Its nearly 7. Jack should be here at any moment.9. will 表示说话人的意愿或固执己见，用于非人称主语时，表固有性质或倾向。I wont allow her to do that.The window wont open.The door wont shut.情态动词的其他常见用法：cannottoo/enough 无论怎样 也不过分，越越好You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。You cant remember enough English w
36、ords.你记的英语单词越多越好。cannot but do=have toI could not but choose to go.I cannot but admire your bravery. may well do sth.完全能，很可能Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize(4) may as well do sth= had better do 最好，满可以，倒不如You may as well do it at once.情态动词+have done 意义的正确理解may/might+
37、have done 用于推测过去的行为， “可能” “也许/ 或许已经（没有） If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.2.can/could have done 表示过去能做而未做的事情，有种惋惜。 “本可以”I had no class yesterday evening, you could have borrowed my book.用于推测过去的行为， “可能，会”Where can/could she have gone?The boy cant have finished reading the
38、book so soon because it is very difficult.对过去发生的行为和不肯定，常用于否定句和疑问句中。3.must have done-对过去的肯定推测must do-对现在的肯定推测must be doing-对未来或现在正进行的推测must have done 的反意疑问句You must have seen the film, havent you?You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?His parents must have beaten him, havent they?His parent
39、s must have beaten him yesterday, didnt they?neednt have done 做了本来没必要做的事情You neednt have watered the flowers for it is going to rain.It is a five-minute walk from the station to my house. You neednt have taken a taxi.( However, you did take a taxi.)should/ought to have doneYou shouldnt have told Dav
40、id what Mike told you.(Actually. You did tell David what Mike said.)Exercises:1. He might/may have gone to Shanghai, but Im not sure.2. He must have gone to Shanghai, because he said if he wasnt at work, thats where he would be.3. He cant have gone to Shanghai. I saw him just now in the library.宁愿做某事：would rather do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth.would rather sb. did sth.would do sth. rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer doing to doing
