1、八年级（下）英语知识讲解每单元均有重要的字、词的辨析及重要语句的分析与用法指导；有课文中的难重点分析与讲解；有针对性的训练及同步检测题，并且附有详细的解答。目录1 Unit 1 Will people have robots?2 Unit 2 What should I do? 3 Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 4 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 5 Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time! 6 Review of uni
2、ts 1-3 7 Review of units 4-5 8 八年级下学期期中复习（一） 9 改错小练 10 八年级下学期期中复习（二） 11 八年级期中考试模拟题 12 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 13 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 14 Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf? 15 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? 16 Unit 10 Its a nice day
3、, isnt it? 17 介词复习 18 Review of units 6-8 19 Review of units 9-10 20 八年级第二学期期末复习题 21 八年级第二学期期末模拟试题 22 How do you study for a test 23 Unit2 I used to be afraid of the darkUnit 10 Its a nice day，isnt it?【单元目标】单词与短语cost cross low sandy slow somewhere review traffic note holiday elevator bookstore umbre
4、lla noonlook through 浏览get along 相信at least 少be careful 小心；当心hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事目标句型：1. Its a nice day，isnt it? 2. What a nice day，isnt it?3. It looks like rain，doesnt? 4. I hope so / not. 5. So do I.语法反意疑问句反意疑问句是对陈述句所叙述的事实提出看法，问对方同不同意。它的结构由两部分组成：陈述句简短问句。如果前一部分为肯定形式，后一部
5、分用否定形式；前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。一般来说，简短问句主语人称的数、动词时态应和陈述部分的主语人称的数、动词时态相一致。如：Mary likes reading，doesnt she？ 玛丽喜欢读书，是吧？(前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分用否定形式)Mary doesnt like reading，does she？ 玛丽不喜欢读书，是吧？(前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式)Youre a new student，arent you？ 你是新来的学生，对吧？(前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分用否定形式)You arent a new student，are you？ 你不
6、是新来的，对吧？(前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式)1. 如果陈述句有一个助动词(包括 can，must，need 等情态动词)，其简短问句用同一个助动词。例如：You havent seen that film，have you？ 你没有看过那部电影，是吗？He can swim，cant he？ 他会游泳，对吗？2. 如果陈述部分包含 no，never，hardly，few，little，scarcely 等否定词，简短问句部分应用肯定形式。例如：You have no time on Monday，have you？ 星期一你没有时间，是吗？He has never been t
7、o Shanghai，has he？ 他从没去过上海，对吗？They can hardly imagine how beautiful she is，can they？ 他们很难想象出她是多么漂亮，是吗？3. 陈述句部分是 there be 句型时，简短问句部分也用 there be。例如：There are some people in the room，arent there？ 屋里有人，是吗？4. 在英语口语中，I am 后面的简短问句用 arent I？例如：Im late，arent I？ 我迟到了，是吗？5. 当陈述句部分含有否定词如 nothing，nobody 等不定代词时，简
8、短问句部分应用肯定结构。为避免重复，用代词 it 来代替 nothing；用 they 或 he 来代替 nobody。例如：Everything goes well，doesnt it？ 一切顺利，是吗？Everyone is here，arent they？ (注意：此句问句与前句动词的数不一致。)6. 祈使句后面的简短问句使用 will you？wont you？would you？can you？cant you？ would you？ shall we？它们不是真正的疑问句(意为请)，但常用升调。wont用于邀请；will，would，can，cant 及 shall we 用来告诉
9、人们该做什么事，表请求。例如：Do sit down，wont you？ 您请坐。Give me a pen，will you？ 请给我一支笔。Open the door，would you？ 请打开门好吗？Lets go together，shall we？ 咱们一起走吧。7. 在 I think，I believe，I suppose，I guess 等结构中，简短问句的主语往往与从句的主谓保持一致，例如：I think shes out，isnt she？ 我想她出去了，是吗？I dont believe its true，is it？ 我认为那不是真的，对吗？注意：在回答反意疑问句的问
10、题时，如果回答是肯定的，要用 yes，否定的要用 no，在第一部分是否定形式时要特别注意，这时的英语回答与汉语回答是有区别的。例如：This isnt yours，is it? 这不是你的，是吗？Yes，it is. 不，是我的。No，it isnt. 对，不是我的。【重点词汇】1. last 持续，为延续性动词，可与一段时间及 How long 连用如： America Civil War lasted for four years. 美国内战持续了四年。Our holidays lasted for ten days. 我们休了十天假。2. always 频度副词，意思是：永远，一直，总是
11、(1)always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever 和 never 是频度副词，与疑问词 how often 对应。它在句中位于实义动词之前，情态动词(may，can，would，could等)、助动词(do，did，does，have，had 等)、连系动词(be)之后。He is always wearing that blue shirt. 他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。I always think of her in that dress. 我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。(2)always 与进行时连用，常带有感情色彩。The boy is al
12、ways telling lies. 这孩子总是说谎。(表示生气)He is always talking to his father like that 他老是那样和他父亲说话。(表示不满)3. alone (1)alone 形容词，意为“单独的；独一无二的”，只可作表语。I am not alone in this opinion. 不只是我一个有这想法。(2)alone 也可作副词，意为“单独，独自”。He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。She lived alone. 她独居。The key alone will open the door. 只有
13、这把钥匙能开这个门。He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。4cross (1)cross 作动词，意为“横渡，渡过；越过”。They crossed the road. 他们过了马路。(2)cross 作动词时，还可表示“交叉，相交；错过”。例如：We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。(3)近义词：pass 穿过5. along (1)along 作副词(与动词连用)，意为“往前，向前”Let us walk along. 让我们往前走。(2)along 作副词时，还可表示“共同，一起”。例如：I took my brot
14、her along. 我带着弟弟。(3)along 还可作介词，意为“沿着”。例如：We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。6. feel like 表示“感觉是，似乎”Whats this in my pocket? It feels like a nut.什么东西在我口袋里？摸上去像是个坚果。feel like 后可接 doing sth，表示“喜欢(愿意)做某事”。I feel like staying at home to the weekends. 我喜欢周末待在家里。7. enjoy 是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢，喜爱”，且含“享受”之意。例如：I think
15、 everyone enjoyed your wonderful party 我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们的精彩晚会。enjoy doing 表示“喜欢，乐意做某事”，指从某件事中享受到乐趣。例如：I enjoy listening to music. 我很喜欢听音乐。8. be good at 表示“擅长，在方面做得好”，at 后面跟名词、代词或动名词。He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。What subjects are you good at? 你擅长哪些科目？She is good at math. 她擅长数学。He is good at singing. 他擅长
16、唱歌。近义词组：do well in，更强调一次性做得好。You did well in the Chinese exam. 你这次语文考试考得好。9. clean 表示“打扫”，及物动词，还有形容词词性。(1)clean 作动词，意为“打扫，弄干净”。The students are cleaning the classroom. 学生们在打扫教室。(2)clean 还可作形容词，意为“干净的”，其反义词为 dirty。Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 请保持教室干净整齐。【重难点分析】1. He sure is! 他确实很好！(1)此处 s
17、ure 是副词，意为“的确，一定”。It sure was a cold day. 的确是个冷天。(2)口语中可以单独使用，表示“同意”。Are you going? 你去吗？Sure. 当然啦。(3)sure 还常用作表语。其用法如下：be sure of 表示“对有把握，肯定”。Im sure of his coming. 我确信他能来。be sure that 表示“确定，确信”。Im sure that he will come. 我确信他能来。2. It looks like rain，doesnt it? 看起来要下雨了，不是吗？(1)it 作代词，在本句中指“天气”，it 还可指
18、“时间，距离”。例如：Its a fine day today. 今天天气很好。Its seven oclock. 现在 7 点了。Its two kilometers away from my home to school. 从我家到学校有 2 千米远。(2)本句中 look 作系动词，后可接形容词、名词。She looks very sad. 她看上去很伤心。You look very happy today. 今天你看上去很高兴。3. Do you think itll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗？(1)think 后引导的是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序。Do you
19、 think she can carry the box? 你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗？(2)by 表示时间，指“在前，不迟于，到时(为止)”，相当于 before。Can you finish your work by 6 pm? 下午 6 点前你们能完成工作吗？By the time we got there，the bus had already gone. 当我们到达那儿时，公共汽车已经走了。by 也可以表示方法、手段，意为“同，靠，用，通过”。by phone 用电话 by bus 乘公共汽车by 还可以表示位置，意为“在旁，靠近”相当于 beside，near 等。I sit by
20、the window. 我坐在窗子旁。4. I hope the bus comes soon. 我希望公共汽车很快就来。(1)soon 表示“不久，很快”，指的是时间上的“快”。I want to get your letter soon. 我想尽快收到你的来信。The winter comes soon. 冬天马上就要来了。(2)hope 意为“希望”，表示的是“有把握、有信心实现某一愿望”，它后面常接动词不定式或从句作宾语。I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望不久收到你的来信。I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天是好天
21、气。5. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。thanks for 后接名词或动名词形式，用 for 引起要表示致谢的原因，表示“因为而感谢你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you 或 Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。Thank you for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。Thank you for a delicious lunch. 谢谢你的美味午餐。Thank you for giving me so much help. 谢谢你给了我如此多的帮助。Thanks for yo
22、ur help. 谢谢你的帮助。(2)invite 作及物动词，后常跟“人”，也常与 to 连用，表示“邀请某人去”。She invited us to her party. 她邀请我们参加她的聚会。如果你当面邀请人，不可用 invite，需用 would you like 来表达。例如：Would you like to come to the party? 你们愿意来参加聚会吗？6. Im going to ask my cousin，Tommy，to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。(1)Tommy 在本句中作 my cousin 的同位语，是对 my cousin
23、 的补充说明。My sister，Jane，is a student. 我妹妹，简，是一名学生。(2)to go 在这里是 ask 的宾语补足语，即 ask sb to do sth，表示“要求某人做某事。”例如：My boss asked me to finish the work before six oclock.老板要求我在下午 6 点前完成这项工作。He always asks me to help him with his homework. 他经常让我帮助他做作业。(3)本句中 with 是指“和某人在一起”，后常跟名词或代词作宾语，其后若跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。I am g
24、oing to the park with my mother. = My mother and I are going to the park. 我打算和妈妈一起去公园。I spend a good time with my students. 我和学生们共度美好时光。7. He said hed help me with my math project 他说他将帮助我做数学作业。(1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句为过去将来时。不管是什么人称后，这个时态均由“would+动词原形”构成，这个时态常常用在宾语从句中，特别是用于宾语从句中，其主语应是一般过去时。I knew you
25、 would agree. 我知道你会同意的。I said l would arrange everything. 我说我要安排一切。He told me he would wait for me outside. 他告诉我他将在外边等我。I asked if he would come and mend my television set. 我问他可否来修我的电视机。(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗?Let me help you off with your coat. 我来帮你脱上衣。
26、Please help me up with this heavy box. 请帮我把这个大箱子抬上去。(3)句中 project 意为“作业”。In their geography class，the children are doing a special project on North American Indians. 在地理课上，孩子们正在做一个有关北美印第安人的特别作业。I did my physics project with my classmates in my house yesterday evening.昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。8. Paul and
27、I are good friends. We get along well because we both like sports. 我和保罗是好朋友，我们相处得很好，因为我们俩都喜欢运动。(1)both 表示“(两者)都”，在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后，行为动词之前。We are both tall. 我们俩都很高。They are both boys. 他们俩都是男孩。We both have short hair 我们俩都留短发。They both go to this school. 他们俩都在这所学校读书。My parents both like hiking. 我父母都喜欢远足
28、。(2)both 常与 and 连用，意为“不但而且；既又”，用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish 这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。(3)get along 也可写作 get on，表示“相处”。例如：Do you get
29、 along well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？Lily gets along well with Lucy. 莉莉和露西相处得很好。How do you get along with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得怎么样？【词语辨析】1. 时间介词 in，on，at in(1)表示在较长的时间里(如周月份季节年份世纪等)。如：in a week；in May；in springsummerautumnwinter；in 2008；in the 1990s 等。(2)表示在上午、下午或晚上。如：in the morningafternoon
30、evening。(3)in the daytime(在白天) 属于固定搭配，指从日出到日落这一段时间，反义词组是 in the night。(4)“in 一段时间”表示“多久以后以内”，常与将来时连用。如：in half an hour；in ten minutes；in a few days 等。on 后面所接的时间多与日期有关。具体用法有：(1)表示在具体的某一天(如日期、生日、节日或星期几)。如：on May 4th，1919；on Monday；on TeachersDay；on my birthday；on that day 等。 (2)表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上。如：on the
31、 morning of July 2；on Sunday afternoon；on a cold winter evening 等。at 具体用法有： (1)表示在某一具体时刻，即几点几分。如：at six oclock； at half past nine； at a quarter to six； at this time 等。(2)表示在某一短暂的时间。如：at noon；at this moment；at the end of a year；at the start of the concert 等。(3)It lasts from June to August. 2. borrow，
32、lend 和 keep 的区别：这三个词在汉语中都可译为“借”，但其用法不同，不能互换。对于动词的主语是“借进”则用 borrow，其句型为“borrowfrom” 如： I borrowed a book from the school library this afternoon. 今天我从图书馆借了一本书。 对于动词的主语是“借出”则用 lend，其句型为“lendto” 如： I can lend my bike to you，but you mustnt lend it to others. 我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你一定不要把它借给别人。 如果所借的东西要保留一段时间，用 ke
33、ep。 如： “How long can I keep the book?”“Two weeks.” “这本书我可以借多久？”“两个星期。”3. hope 与 wish 均可表示“希望，想”，均可用 to do 不定式作宾语，不可用doing。其不同之处在于：(1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”；hope 不能这样用。例如：I wish you to go. 我要你去。(2)hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语，但能跟“for+名词”，表示可能实现的“希望”；wish 虽也能跟“for+名词”，但表示难以实现的“愿望”。例如：I hope for success. 我希望成功。(可
34、能性很大)I wish for a car. 我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现的愿望)(3)hope 和 wish 都可跟 that 从句，但“hope+that 从句”表示“希望”；“wish+that 从句”表示“愿望”，但从句用过去时表示虚拟语气，即不太可能实现的愿望或与事实相反。例如：I hope you will be better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。I wish I were ten years younger. 但愿我能年轻 10 岁。(4)wish 可跟双宾语，表示祝福。例如：We wish you a happy life. 祝你生活幸福。4. enjoy，like
35、 与 love 都可表达“ 喜爱”的意思，但含义和用法有所不同。(1)enjoy 在意思上侧重于“ 享受某种乐趣”，后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。enjoy 还可以与反身代词连用，即 enjoy oneself，表示“玩得很高兴”(=have a good time)。例如：The man is enjoying his dinner. 那个男人正津津有味地吃饭。My father enjoys listening to the radio. 我父亲爱听广播。Did the children enjoy themselves in the park? 孩子们在公园里玩得愉快吗？(2)l
36、ike 意为“ 喜欢，喜爱” ，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣，不带有感情色彩，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语。例如：Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Festival. 在中国，每个人都喜欢中秋节。He likes his students to work hard. 他喜欢他的学生努力学习。(3)love 表示“ 爱，热爱，爱戴 ”，有强烈的感情，相当于 likevery much，侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的深厚感情。在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱，这时与 like 的意思很相近，可以互换。后面也可接名词、动名词或动词不定
37、式。例如：We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。They love playing / to play basketball. 他们爱打篮球。(4)like 和 love 都可与 would，should 连用，表示“愿意做某事” 。例如：Id like / love to go with you. 我愿意和你们一起去。5. how often，how long，how soon 与 how much(1)how often 表示“多长时间一次”或者“每隔多久一次”，often 是“ 常常”之意，表示“ 次数很多”。How often does Mary go t
38、o visit the museum? 玛丽多久去参观一次博物馆？Twice a year. 一年两次。How often do you see a film? 你多长时间看一次电影？Once a month. 每月一次。Do you know how often Lily visit her grandparents?你知道莉莉多长时间去看一次她的爷爷奶奶吗？Once a week. 一周一次。(2)long 表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long 表示“多长” 或“多久，多长时间” 之意。How long can you stay at home during summer holi
39、day? 暑假你能在家待多久？More than two months. 大约两个月。How long is this river? 这条河有多长？(指长度)Its about 2658 kilometres. 大约 2658 公里。(3)how soon 通常表示一般将来时，意为“再等多长时间？ ”“多长时间才？” ，是对“in+时间段”(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。Can you tell me how soon you can be ready? 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗？(4)How much is / are ? 多少钱？若询问某一
40、商品多少钱时，一般用 How much is / are ? 这一句型，商品是单数或不可数名词时用 is，商品是复数时用 are。How much is that sweater? 那件毛衣多少钱？Two hundred and ten yuan. 210 元。How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？They are twenty-five yuan. 25 元。询问商品的价格，还有以下几种问法：How much，please? 请问多少钱？How much do you want for it? 这些东西你要多少钱？How much do you say it i
41、s? 你说要多少钱？6. across， through 与 cross都有“穿过，通过” 之意。across 和 through 是介词，cross 是动词。(1)cross 相当于“动词+across”，常用于指“横穿” 。Be careful when you cross the road. = Be careful when you go across the road. 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。 (2)across 指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。它和 on 有关，表示从“面上” 穿过。Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗
42、？(3)though 指“从中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头，含义与 in 有关。It took him one hour to walk through the forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。【习题检测】一. 单项填空1. - Our maths teacher will go to the cinema with us，_? - Yes，I think so.A. wont he B. will he C. doesnt he D. does he 2. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are wome
43、n.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth3. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People，_?Ahasnt he B. has he Cdoes he Ddoesnt he4. Were _ her carefully，but we cant _ what she says .A. listening to，listen B. listening，hear C. listening to，hear D. hearing，listen to 5. I th
44、ink _ games is much better than _ housework. A. to play；doing B. playing；doing C. to play；do D. playing；to do 二. 单句理解1. My father stayed in Beijing for less than a week.A. He stayed there for 7 days. B. He was there for 5 days.C. He stayed there 7 days ago. D. He stayed there for 10 days.2. Miss Bla
45、ck had a short rest after lunch.A. Miss Black had a walk before lunch. B. Miss Black took a little rest after she had lunch.C. Miss Black had a talk after she had lunch.D. Miss Black had lunch after she had a little rest.3. Her grandpa died three years ago.A. His grandma died three years ago. B. Her
46、 grandma has been dead for three years.C. Her grandpa has been dead for three years. D. Its thirteen years since her grandpa died.4. Kate has three oranges，Lily has six，and Linda has more than Lily.A. Linda has nine oranges. B. Lily has more oranges than Kate.C. Lily has the fewest oranges of the th
47、ree. D. Linda has fewer oranges than Kate.5. Peter didnt go to bed until eleven last night.A. Peter didnt go to sleep all the night. B. Peter went to bed at eleven last night.C. Peter didnt fall asleep at eleven last night. D. Peter usually goes into bed at eleven.三. 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词语，并以其正确的形式填空diffe
48、rence，special，lose，think about，break，watch，salt，in many ways，repair， enough1. There is something wrong with the machine. It needs _.2. Mrs. Brown looked happy when she found her _ son.3. - Help yourself to some more Jiaozi. - No， thank you. I have had _.4. They are _ spending the holiday in Shanghai this year.5. The _ cup isnt mine. Its hers.6. There are some _ between these two problems7. My father is good at cooking and he can cook meals _.8. Some people like to eat _ fish because this
