1、课堂导学基础巩固一、词汇详解1.Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.讨论它们是什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们在那天所做的一件事。要点提示：take place 是不及物动词，无被动式，意思为“发生” ，常指经过安排的事情。典型例句：The interview is well planned and it is to take place on time.采访计划周密，会按时进行的。相关链接：happen 发生，碰巧(指偶然性);chanc
2、e 碰巧发生，偶然发生(同 happen),正式用语。例如：I happened to be here when you were in trouble.当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。She chanced to be in the park when I was there.我在公园时碰巧她在那儿。应用探究选择填空(1)We may never discover what _ that night when you left for Beijing. A.happenedB.chanceC.take placeD.took place解析：从时间状语来看应使用过去时态，took place 虽为
3、过去时，但它的意思是有计划、有安排地进行，题意应指那天夜里突然或偶然发生了什么事，故应使用 A 项 happened。答案：A(2)When does the ceremony _?All the lovely boys and girls in our school are waiting for it.Sorry,I have no idea,but in my opinion, 8 a.m.A.happenB.chanceC.take placeD.took place解析：文中所提到的 ceremony 一定是有计划作出了安排的，故应使用 C 项 take place。答案：C2.Th
4、ey would starve if food was difficult to find,so they celebrated when they had food.如果食物难以得到，他们会挨饿，因此，一旦有了食物，他们就开怀欢庆。要点提示：starve 作动词时除了有“饿死，饥饿，使饥饿”的意思外，还有“渴望做某事”的意思。典型例句：Whats for dinner?Im starving to death!晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!She failed again,starving for success.她又失败了，渴望成功。相关链接：starving adj.饥饿的 ;受饿的the st
5、arving 饥民starvation n.挨饿;饿死starvation diet 极少量的食物句型转换(1)A：The proud man said he preferred to suffer from hunger rather than beg for food.B：The proud man said he _ _ _ _ beg for food.(2)A：Those motherless children were longing for affection.B：Those motherless children _ _ _ affection.填空(3)The _ (star
6、ve) people of this area were suffering from the terrible _ (starve) and many people lost their lives.答案：(1)would starve rather than (2)were starving for/were starved of(3)starving;starvation3.Some festivals are held to honor the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,.有些节日是为了纪念死者、或者取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，要点
7、提示：satisfy 为动词，在本句中意思有“满足，使满意” 之意。另有“符合” 之意。如:satisfy a definition 符合定义。典型例句：:My brother felt that nothing he did could satisfy his boss. 我弟弟感到他所做的事情没有一件令老板满意。相关链接：其形容词 satisfying 相当于 satisfactory 令人满意的，多用来修饰物体;satisfied adj.感到满意的，多用来修饰人。常用短语:be satisfied with 对 感到满意或满足;be satisfied to do 对做感到满意或满足。
8、完成句子(1)This kind of job _ _ _ _ (我不满意),so I left the company and went out to find a suitable job.(2)Every one of the team _ _ _ _ _ (不满意我们受到的待遇) at that party on Miss Smiths eighteenth birthday.(3)The story you told had an attractive beginning and a _ (令人满意的)end.答案：(1)does not satisfy me(2)wasnt sat
9、isfied with our treatment(3)satisfying4.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.万圣节起源于纪念亡者的祭事活动。要点提示：in memory of 意思为“ 纪念” ，在本单元中还出现另一词组 to the memory of，它们意义和用法相同。典型例句：We sang the song in memory of the dead.我们唱歌以纪念故去的人们。思维拓展:have a good/bad memory for 擅长/不擅长记withi
10、n sb.s memory 就某人记忆力所及memorize v.记住（某事物）完成句子(1)Grandmother _ _ _ _ (祖母的记忆力很好);she can remember things which happened many years ago.(2)This has been the hottest summer _ _ _ (就我所记得的)during my seventy years in the world.(3)I wrote a long poem _ _ _ (纪念)Robert,who used to be my old friend as well as a
11、 good teacher.答案：(1)has a good memory (2)within my memory(3)in memory of5.Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or to the gods.有些节日是纪念名人或者神的。要点提示：honor 在此句中表示“尊敬，敬意”,另外，还可以表示“光荣”。典型例句：We show our honor to the police.我们向警察表示敬意。Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here.女士们，先生们
12、，亲邻此地，甚感荣幸。相关链接：honor 也可以作及物动词用，意为“尊敬、纪念”。如：Today well meet an honored guest.今天我们将会见一位贵宾。欣赏句子(1)There is honor among thieves.(2)Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here to give a speech.(3)I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors of exalted rank.答案：略改错At eleven oclock in th
13、e morning,well meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.答案：honoringhonored6.In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma Gandhi,the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.在印度，10 月 2 日是纪念甘地的全国性节日，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。要点提示：gain 是动词，意为“ 取得、获得” 。后面常跟独立、成绩、成就等词作宾语。典型
14、例句:Youll gain useful experience in working with computer.在用计算机工作中你会取得有用的经验。I gain a lot from the activity.我从活动中受益。相关链接：gain 另有名词用法，意为“ 利润、利益、收益” 等。谚语:No pains,no gains.不劳无获。The company cares only about short term gain.公司只关注短期利益。改错(1)This clock wins five minutes a day,so youd better have it repaired
15、if you have time.(2)Only after ten years in the country gained she her citizenship.(3)In the sport meeting,the American black girl gained before the other runners in the race and finished first in the end.答案：(1)winsgains(2)gained shedid she gain(3)beforeon格言欣赏Learning more and gaining more is the li
16、ght that leads into everything lovely.7.Some people might win awards for their animals,flowers,fruit and vegetables.有些人可能因为他们的动物、花果和蔬菜而获奖。要点提示：award 在此处的意思是“奖品”，作名词用。award 用作动词时，意思为“给予、颁发、判决、裁定”，常用作 award sth.(to sb.)和 award sb. sth.(for sth.)以及 be awarded sth.(for sth.)结构。典型例句：Father often shows us
17、 the athletics awards he has won.父亲经常给我们看他所获得的体育运动奖。The award of a scholarship from our institute was on TV yesterday.我们学院的奖学金颁发决定昨天在电视上播放了。相关链接：三个不同的奖:prize,award,rewardprize 也意为“奖品、奖金 ”，但它主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说 win a prize for. “因 而获奖”;award (sb.) a prize 指“授予 (某人)奖励”，授奖者往往是具有裁判力的人;reward 可用作名词或动
18、词，它的意思特指“报答、报偿、酬谢;奖赏”，常指通过努力而获得回报，如：Whats my reward for my work?填空用 award.for/award.to 的适当形式填空。(1)The school _ Merry a prize _ her good work.(2)He _ _ the gold medal _ being the fastest runner.(3)The judge _ a large sum of money _ those hurt by the fire.答案：(1)awarded;for(2)was awarded;for(3)awarded;
19、to阅读阅读下面的笑话，了解 Tom 怎么得的奖。Tom:Dad,my teacher awarded me a book for my answering his question.Dad:Congratulations! What is the question and your answer?Tom:OK.How many legs does a hawk have?I said three.Dad:My silly boy,a hawk has two legs.Tom:But the others all said four.8.The most energetic and impo
20、rtant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生机而又重要的节日就是告别冬天、盼望春天的日子。 要点提示：短语 look forward to 中的 to 为介词，后面跟 doing 或者名词作宾语。典型例句：Mother says shes looking forward to meeting you.妈妈说她正期盼着与你见面。相关链接：要注意本短语的另外意思，即故意将短语分割，形式相同而意义却相差甚远。如:I look forward to
21、look at the advertisement for selling houses on the wall.我向前看去看墙上的卖房子的广告。此句中，to 为不定式。英译汉(1)We look forward to receiving your reply when you study in Japan._(2)All the people in the company look forward to other good news from you._答案：(1)当你在日本学习时，我们盼望着你的回信。(2)公司里所有的人都希望从你那儿得到其他好消息。观察猜想观察下面两个句子中的 to 后
22、的动词形式为何不一样(1)We look forward to hearing from you.(2)Parents tell me to look forward to see road signs while walking on the street.9.They might include parades,dancing in the streets day and night,loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds.人们穿着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。要点提示：clothing 衣服、服装，是集体名
23、词，只有单数形式，其后谓语动词用单数形式。表示一件衣服时，可说 an article of clothing 或 a piece of clothing,但不能用 a suit of clothing。典型例句：In the market,you can buy articles of clothing.在市场里你可以买各种服装和衣着用品。相关链接：clothes 指具体的衣服，不能用作单数，不能与不定冠词或数词连用，但可以与物主代词、指示代词和少数不定代词连用。作主语时，谓语用复数形式。填空填入 clothes/clothing(1)In the old society,poor farme
24、rs didnt have enough food,_,shelter and lived a miserable life.(2)The beautiful singer called Ann has many _,and she is in her best in the stage now.(3)In my opinion,these two suits of _ are in great need and that article of _ is a bargain.(4)Fine _ make the man.(谚语: 佛要金装，人要衣装。 )答案：(1)clothing (2)cl
25、othes;clothes(3)clothes;clothing (4)clothes10.But she didnt turn up.但是她现在还没有露面。要点提示：turn up 动词短语，此处意思为“出现、露面” 。另外，还有“调大( 音量)”之意。典型例句：When Jack turns up,please turn up the radio;for he is a little deaf.当杰克出现时，将音量调大些，因为他有点聋。相关链接：turn down 调低音量等，拒绝 (建议、请求等)turn in 交回，交还;告发turn into 变成，使变成turn on 打开，启动，
26、袭击turn off 关上，关闭turn out 结果是，驱赶选择填空turn up/down/in/into/out(1)Why did he _ your invitation?You see,you invite him sincerely.(2)Only twenty percent of the guns have been _ so far and it is a demanding job to get all of them.(3)We arranged to meet at 7:30,but she never _.(4)She _ to be a friend of my
27、sister.答案：(1)turn down (2)turned in (3)turned up (4)turned out11.Well,he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不想屏息她等来道歉。要点提示：apologize v.表示“道歉;认错”。常用 apologize to sb.for sth.结构，表示“ 因为某事向某人道歉”。典型例句：Last week Jack came to your office and pretended to apologize to you. 上星期杰克来你的办公室假装向你
28、道歉。相关链接：apologize 其名词形式为 apology，注意短语:make/offer an apology (to sb.for sth.)表达道歉accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉介词填空(1)In my opinion,you should apologize to my dear brother _ what you have done to him.(2)Even _ you make an apology _ me now,I wont forgive you.填空(3)Japanese should offer an _ (apologiz
29、e) to the peace-loving Chinese people for their violent deeds.答案：(1)for (2)if;to (3)apology 12.She would never forgive him.她恐怕永远也不会原谅他了。要点提示：forgive v.有“原谅、宽恕” 之意。 典型例句:I cant forgive him for what he did to my younger brother. 我不会原谅他对我弟弟所做的事情。 Forgive me,Mr Zhang,but it is not my fault.对不起，张先生，不过那不是
30、我的错。相关链接：forgive sb.原谅某人 forgive sb.sth.原谅某人某行为 forgive sb.for sth.某方面宽恕某人 forgive me 请原谅，对不起,常用在口语中。选择填空(1)Ill never forgive you _ what you have done to me.A.ofB.from C.forD.over解析：for 意思是对某事表示如何，即“我不能原谅你对我的所作所为” ，其他选项无此意义。故选 C 项。答案：C体验对比各种“对不起” ，体验不同的感情色彩。(2)Excuse me,where is the nearest way to t
31、he bus station?(3)Please forgive me for my being rude to you.(4)Would you mind my opening the door?13.She said she would be there at seven oclock,and Li Fang thought she would keep her word.她说她会七点到达，李方认为她会守信，用的。(and 连接两个宾语从句 )要点提示：keep ones word 守信，守诺典型例句：Father promised he would buy me a bike and h
32、e must keep his word.爸爸答应过要给我买一辆自行车，他必须遵守 诺言。相关链接：break ones word 食言，失信get in a word 插话，插嘴upon ones word 一定，决不虚言have a word with sb.与某人谈一谈believe sb.s bare word 轻信某人( 毫无根据)的话语have words (with sb.) (about sth.)（为某事） （与某人）争吵完成句子(1)一个人要时时刻刻守信，这很重要。It is very important that everyone _ _ _ all the time.(
33、2)现在到了我和这个不知羞耻的人谈一谈的时候了。It is time for me to _ _ _ _ the shameless man.答案：(1)keep his word(2)have a word with脑筋急转弯1.Which month do the soldiers hate?2.Why is an empty purse always the same?答案：(1)March (三月，行军). (2)Because there is no change(零钱，变化) in it.二、句型必背1.Some festivals are held to honor the de
34、ad,or satisfy and please the ancestors,who could return either to help or to do harm.有一些节日是为了纪念死者，或取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，因为祖先们可能回到世上提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。要点提示：either.or.意为“既不也不”，可连接两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语或状语。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与邻近的主语，即 or 后的主语一致。典型例句：It is your choice! Either she leaves or I will.你看着办吧！要么她走，要么我走。相关链接：此类用作就近原则的情况有:
35、(1)当用作主语的两个名词或代词由 or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but(also)连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。(2)there，here 引导的句子。例如：There is a book and ten pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和十枝钢笔。改错(1)He is either in London and in New York,that is to say,he isnt here.(2)Either she or you is going to buy a lot of equipment for our lab.
36、(3)If he goes to New York,Ill go,either.(4)Either of them are right.Do you think so?答案：(1)andor (2)isare(3)eithertoo (4)areis 选择填空(5)To my delight,not only you but also _ he what the teacher and writer in red _ at the meeting.A.know;sayB.knows;saysC.knows;sayD.know;says解析：not only.but also 引导并列的主语时动
37、词按就近原则使用，从 B、C 两项中选; 从句的主语是 the teacher and writer 是一个人，谓语动词应用单数形式即 says，故选 B 项。答案：B2. This country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.（节日里）整个国度到处都是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。要点提示：so that 引导的状语从句，可以表示目的，也可以表示结果;有“为了、以便”和“ 因此、以致”之意;as though“
38、好像”，意思和用法与 as if 相同。典型例句：The students study hard so that we can get a good job.学生们努力学习为了找到好工作。(目的) The bus broke down,so that we had to walk.(结果) 公共汽车抛锚了，因此我们必须 步行。 Many contestants later failed drug tests,so that the race had to be rerun.(结果) 许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只好重新 进行。 They are talking as though the
39、y had been old friends. 他们谈论着好像多年的老朋友。 相关链接：虚拟语气用在 as though 引起的方式状语从句或者表语从句中，动词一般用虚拟语气。谓语多用过去式表示现在的情况。表示“好像”，形式和 wish 宾语从句的形式相同。句型转换(1)A:Hurry up in order to get there on time.B:Hurry up _ _ _ _ get there on time.(2)A:As a result of getting up late _ _,he was late for school.B:He got up late _ _ he
40、 was late for school.翻译句子(3)He talks as if/though he knew all about it._(4)He acted like that as though he were better than us._(5)He opened his lips as if to say something to us about his disabled father._答案：(1)so that you can (2)so that (3)他说话的口气好像他全部都已经知道了。(4)他那么做,好像比我们强似的。(5)他张开嘴好像要对我们说些关于他的残疾爸爸的事情。三、语法解读相近情态动词的用法区别 1.can 和 could要点提示：
