1、庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解【词析】 音析:u 在词中读形析:hung（hang 的过去式）+er义析:a strong desire or need for food;to have a need or desire for food【典句】Hunger is the best sauce.饥不择食。【拓展】1)反义词:full；形容词:hungry 饥饿的2)掌握 hunger 的常见搭配:die of hunger 饿死He died of hunger.他饿死了。satisfy ones hunger 解饿I bought a piece of bread to satisfy my h
2、unger.我买了一个面包解饿。have a hunger for 对如饥似渴They all had a hunger for knowledge and new ideas.他们都对知识和新思想如饥似渴。hunger for.渴望Students are hungering for knowledge.学生们渴望学到知识。【词析】 音析:u 读 ,末尾 e 不发音。形析:形近词 strange（adj.奇怪的）义析:fight,try to overcome difficulty【典句】 Two boys are struggling on the playground.两个男孩正在操场上
3、打斗。We should learn to struggle with difficulties.我们应该学会和困难作斗争。【拓展】 掌握 struggle 的固定搭配:struggle to do sth.努力做某事struggle for sth.为某事而奋斗He has been struggling to succeed in his business.=He has been struggling for success in his business.为使事业成功,他一直努力奋斗着。struggle with/against 向作斗争；同搏斗They had to struggle
4、 with/against all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。【词析】 音析:e 在词中读字母本音 , a 读 音。形析:ex-（向外；向上）+pand义析:unluckily【典句】 Metals expand with heat.金属遇热膨胀。【拓展】 掌握 expand 的固定搭配:expand.into.把扩展/发展成My uncle expanded his business into a big one.我叔叔把他的公司扩大规模成了一个大公司。expand into.发展成/扩大成Our society expanded into a
5、 worldwide organization.我们的协会扩大成一个国际性组织。expand on 细说；阐述Can you expand on your plan,please？你能详细谈谈你的计划吗？ 【词析】 音析:字母组合 ir 读长音 。形析:circu （it ） （一圈）+late（迟的）义析:(cause sth.)to go around continuously【典句】 The agent of the private enterprise is circulating false stories about the union.这家私营企业的代理人正在散布有关工会的流言蜚
6、语。【拓展】 同根词:circulatationrid.of 摆脱；除去【词析】 形析:rid（除去）+of （的）义析:become free of【典句】 The dentist rid me of the pain by taking out the tooth.牙科医生把这颗牙拔掉,消除了我的疼痛。【拓展】 记住其相关短语:be rid of 摆脱,除掉,处理掉She was a very boring person.Im glad to be rid of her.她是一个讨厌的人,我很高兴能摆脱她。 get rid of 消除掉The shop ordered 20 copies
7、of the book and now it cant get rid of them.这个书店订购了 20 本这种书,现在却无法脱手。【词析】 音析:a 在词中读形析:satisfy(v. 使满意)变 y 为 i+-ed（adj.后缀）义析:contented;feeling satisfaction【典句】 Both parties were highly satisfied with the results of the talks.双方对会谈结果都感到非常满意。【拓展】 掌握其相关用法:be satisfied that.对感到满意They were not satisfied tha
8、t they could not use underground water.他们对不能使用地下水感到很不满。be satisfied to do.对做感到满意He was satisfied to win the race.他对赢得赛跑感到满意。【辨析】 satisfied,satisfying 和 satisfactorysatisfied,satisfying,satisfactory 这三个形容词均可作定语、表语或补语。区别如下:satisfied 的意思是“ 满意的；满足的”,指用作主语的人本身对某事或别人所做的事感到满意。在用作表语或定语时,其句中的主语或修饰的名词一般都是表示人的
9、名词,少数为非生物名词。此外,它还有“确信的”的意思,其后接 that 从句或介词短语。satisfactory 和 satisfying 都表示“令人满意的”,两者一般可以换用。当用作表语或定语时,其句中的主语或修饰的名词大都是表示事物的名词。lead a.life 过 的生活【词析】 形析:lead（度过）+a+.+life （生活）义析:make ones life.【典句】 Einstein led a simple life all his life.爱因斯坦一生生活朴素。【拓展】1)同义短语:live a life2)与 lead 相关的词组:lead to 通向；导致,如:All
10、 roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。lead up to 导致；逐渐把（话题等）引向,如:The chain of events led up to her death.一连串的事件导致了她的死亡。3)lead 的过去式和过去分词都是 led。【词析】 音析:元音字母 e 和 i 都读短音 。形析:e+quip( 讽刺)义析:supply sb./sth.(with what is needed for a particular purpose)【典句】 Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for t
11、he exam.请为考试准备一枝铅笔和一块橡皮。【拓展】 同根词:equipment 常作不可数名词【词析】 音析:字母组合 ee 读形析:free （adj.空闲的,自由的）+-dom（名词后缀）义析:condition of being free【典句】 The rebels fought for freedom.反叛者为自由而战斗。【拓展】 同根词:1）free adj.be free from 免受be free of 摆脱,无be free to do sth.自由的free of charge = for free 免费的make free with sth.自由地随便用2）fre
12、ely adv.would rather 宁愿；宁可【词析】 形析:would（will 的过去式）+rather（宁愿） 义析:prefer to【典句】I would rather you had been there yesterday.我真希望昨天你能在那里。【拓展】 掌握 would rather 的常见用法:would rather do sth.宁愿做I would rather have a cup of water than a cup of coffee.我宁愿喝杯水也不愿喝咖啡。would rather not do sth.宁愿不做I would rather not
13、go by car.我宁愿不乘汽车去。would rather.than.宁愿而不愿He would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。would rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做（与现在或将来动作相反时的一种虚拟语气）I would rather you came tomorrow.注:与过去动作相反时,则用过去完成时。【词析】 音析:e 在词中读字母本音 ,字母组合 or 读长音 。形析:ex-（向外）+port(港口)义析:to send (goods)to another country to sale【典句】China exports to
14、 many other countries.中国向其他进口国家出口货物。【拓展】 反义词:import【词析】 音析:u 在词中读 。形析:suit（适合）+-able（adj.后缀）义析:proper fitting【典句】 This wine is not suitable to my taste.这酒不合我的胃口。【拓展】 反义词:unsuitable同根词:suit v.适合;suit n.一套,套装v.使满意,满足的要求（或需要） ；适合；使适合,如:Any time will suit me.什么时候我都行。n.一套衣服,如:She looks younger with a spo
15、rts suit.穿着一套运动装她显得更年轻了。a suit of 一套,如:The warrior was equipped with a suit of armour.那名武士配备了一身盔甲。suitable for 合适的；适合的, 如:Is he suitable for the job？ 他适合这项工作吗？【词析】 音析:ch 在词中读 。形析:chemi(stry)（化学）+-cal义析:of or relating to chemistry【典句】 Now there are many chemical products sold in the market.现在市面上有很多化学
16、物品在出售。【拓展】 chemistry n.化学 chemist n.化学家【词析】 音析:o 在词中读形析:con-（反面）+fuse（保险丝）义析:puzzle;bewilder【典句】 We tried to confuse the enemy.我们试图迷惑敌人。【辨析】 confused 和 confusing:confused 和 confusing 都为分词形容词,在句中可作表语、定语和补足语。confused 相当于 puzzled,意为“糊涂的,迷惑的”, 常用来指人的感受；confusing 相当于 puzzling,意为“莫名其妙的,难以理解的”,常指事物。All you
17、r changes of plan made me totally confused.你把计划改来改去,我都糊涂了。The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的说明含混不清。refer to 指的是；提到；参考,参阅；涉及【词析】 形析:refer（提到；说到）+to义析:mention or of sb./sth.【典句】 The boy referred to by the teacher was from America.老师提到的那个男孩来自美国。This question refers to yesterdays lectur
18、e.这些问题涉及昨天的演讲。If necessary,you can refer to the dictionary.如果有必要,你可参考词典。【辨析】 refer to 和 look up 表示 “查词典”时的区别:refer to 指查阅参考资料（书）,如 map,dictionary 等。look up 后接要查的具体项目 ,如 word,address,time,telephone number 等。故表示“查辞典” 应说 refer to a dictionary 或 look up a word in a dictionary。【词析】 音析:前一个 e 字母读短音 ,末尾 e 不
19、发音。形析:re-（又；再）+duce义析:反义词 increase（增加）【典句】 The fire reduced the forest to a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树。【拓展】 注意:reduce by 与 reduce to 的区别Costs have been reduced by 2000 yuan over the past year.过去一年里,成本减少了 2000 元。Costs have been reduced to 2000 yuan over the past year.过去一年里,成本减少到 2000 元。【词析】 音析:字母 u 在词中读
20、 。形析:形近词 supper（n.晚餐）义析:to provide【典句】He supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime.他向警察提供牵扯到这次犯罪的人的名单。The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。【拓展】 supply,provide,offer 与介词的搭配使用:supply sb.with sth.= supply sth.to/for sb.provide sth.for sb.= provide sb.with sth.offer s
21、b. sth.=offer sth.to sb.【词析】 音析:第一个 e 发 音,第二个 e 发短音 。形析:把 v 看成一个支点,le 和 el 在两边保持平衡义析:line or surface parallel to the horizon;position;class【典句】 Water always seeks its own level.水性自平。【词析】 音析:a 发 音,前一个 e 发 ,后一个 e 发 。形析:what （什么）+ever （adv.一直）义析:anything or everything that;regardless of what【典句】 Colleg
22、e students are seen doing whatever work they can find.我们可以看到,只要有工作,大学生们什么都干。【拓展】1）whatever 作连接代词,意为“无论什么; 不管什么”,连接宾语从句、主语从句。They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。You can take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。2）whatever 作连接形容词,意为“无论什么样的”。应当注意,此用法的 whatever 必须同其被修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。I can do whatever work
23、 I can find.我可以做我能找到的任何工作。Whatever difficulties we meet,we can work them out.无论遇到什么困难,我们都能解决它们。3）whatever 也可以引导让步状语从句,相当于 no matter what。应注意,no matter what 只能引导状语从句,但 whatever 既可引导状语从句,还可引导名词性从句。如:Whatever happens,the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事,最重要的是保持冷静。No matter what you do,I wo
24、nt tell you my secret.不管你做什么,我都不会把我的秘密告诉你。 例句精讲A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE全人类的先驱者1.He wants everyone to call him a farmer,for thats how he regards himself.他希望人们称自己为农民,因为他就是这样看待自己的。【巧解句构】 for 作连词,意为“因为”,在此引导原因状语从句。【要点剖析】 1)call sb.sth. 把某人叫做2)how he regards himself 为 how 引导的表语从句。拓展延伸 表语从句引导词的选用,关键要看它在句中
25、所充当的成分。China is not what it used to be.(what 作表语)中国已不是从前那个样子了。The question is whether we should ask them for help.（whether 不充当成分）问题是我们是否要他们帮忙。2.Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists,Yuan Longping works the land to do his research.虽然袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一,但他仍然在田里劳作,进行科学研究。【巧解句构】although 为从属连词,
26、引导的是让步状语从句。to do his research 作目的状语。【要点剖析】 work vt.耕种（土地） ；经营（工厂、农场、事业等）We watched them working the land together.我们看他们一块儿在地里劳动。Three families worked the farmland.这块田由三家耕种。We once worked a coal mine here.我们曾在这儿经营一家煤矿。3.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974,he became the first agricu
27、ltural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.袁博士种植的稻种被誉为“超级杂交水稻”。他于 1974 年成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。【巧解句构】 what is called super hybrid rice 是 what 引导的宾语从句;不定式 to grow rice that has a high output 作 pioneer 的定语；that has a high output 为定语从句,修饰先行词 rice。拓展延伸 当名词由最高级或 last,first 等修饰时,后面要用不定式作
28、定语。He is always the first to arrive at the classroom.他总是第一个到教室。That hill is the most difficult to climb on.那座小山是最难攀爬的。4.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得在同样的土地上能多收获三分之一的粮食。【巧解句构】 这个句子的基本结构是由“make it.to do 使做（某事）成为”构成的。it
29、是形式宾语,possible 是宾语补足语,to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields 为真正的宾语。【要点剖析】make it+adj./n.+to do sth./that-clause 使做某事 。有些动词后常跟这种结构,即:find/feel/think/consider/make+it+adj./n.+不定式短语。如 :We found it pleasant to work in this school.我们发现在这所学校里工作很愉快。误区警示 在这种结构中 it 不能用其他代词代替。5.Now more tha
30、n 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.现在中国每年有 60%以上的稻米是产自这种杂交稻种。【巧解句构】 本句中的 more than 60% of the rice 为主语,分词短语 produced in China each year 作后置定语。拓展延伸“分数/百分数+of+ 名词 ”作主语,谓语动词的数由名词而定。of 之后若为复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数；若为不可数名词或单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数。如:About three fourths of the earths sur
31、face is covered with water.大约四分之三的地球表面被水所覆盖。40% of the workers are out of work.有 40%的工人失业了。Two thirds of the apple is rotten.这个苹果有三分之二腐烂了。6.As a young man,he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.年轻时,他就看到了水稻增产的巨大需求。【巧解句构】 As a young man 为介词短语,在此作状语,相当于 When he was a young man。【要点剖析】1)nee
32、d U肯定句中用 as.as.结构；否定句中用 not so.as结构。(第一个 as 在主句中为指示副词,第二个 as 在子句中和第一个 as 相关联,故转为连接词,第二个 as 引导的句子可省略一部或全部 ,包括 as 本身 )It is as white as snow (is white).它白得像雪一样。He doesnt work as hard as you.他工作没有你那样努力。（表示方式、程度、情况等）如同；像；按照I work as others do.我跟别人一样工作。 As you like music,so I like poetry.正像你喜欢音乐一样,我喜欢诗歌。
33、 （时间）当时；一边一边 I read the book as I went along.我边走边读。（原因）因为（语气比 because 或 for 轻） ；既然（语气比 since 轻） 。As I am ill,I wont go.我有病,不去了。（让步）虽然,尽管（词序倒装。语气比 though 强）Successful as he is,he is not proud.他虽成功,却不骄傲。（结果、目的）以致,以便He so arranged matters as to suit everyone.他把事情安排得人人满意。作为；以 身份All hearts beat as one.大家
34、一条心。 当作（用在某些及物动词之后）I look upon him as a guest.我把他当作客人看待。 例如 ( for instance)Some birds,as the parrot,can imitate human voice.有些鸟儿,如鹦鹉,能模仿人的声音。（与 such,the same,as 连用）the same book as you have 像你所有的书籍一样 那是(由)( 知道)的He was a foreigner,as I knew from his accent.他是外国人,那是由他口音知道的。2）常用短语:and.as well 也as a gen
35、eral thing rule 通常 ,通例as above 如上as.as possible （as.as one can） 尽可能as far as（限度）尽 所as far as I know.尽我所知as for= as to 就 而论,至于 ,说到 as if =as though 仿佛,恰像一样 (As if you didnt know!别装蒜啦 !)as it is 照事实 as regards 至于,提到so as to (do)( in order to)以便,为要才,为的是7.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the wo
36、rlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.粮食产量的增收意味着中国仅仅以 7%的耕地养活了世界上 22%的人口。【巧解句构】 means 后接 that 引导的宾语从句,过去分词 increased 作定语,表被动、完成。本句 fed 后省略了 on the harvests。【要点剖析】 feed sb. on sth.意为“ 以为食物；喂养”。 She fed her baby on milk.(=She fed milk to her baby.)她用牛奶喂养婴儿。feed on sth.意为“ 以为食”。Catt
37、le mainly feed on grass.牛主要吃草。8.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.由于他的研究,联合国有望帮助全世界摆脱饥饿。用这种杂交水稻,农民们的粮食产量是过去的两倍。【巧解句构】 分词短语 using his hybrid rice 在句中作方式状语。拓展延伸倍数的表达可用下面三个句型:A+be+倍数+as+adj.+a
38、s+BAsia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A+be+倍数+比较级 +than+BAsia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。A+be+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/width+of+BAsia is four times the size of Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。注意:times 表示倍数,一般只限于表示基数词在内的三倍或三倍以上；若表示两倍 ,可用副词 twice 或形容词 double。time 表示的倍数也可以用分数、百分数或某
39、些表程度的副词替换。Our room is 60% the size of theirs.我们的房间是他们房间的 60%大。9.His other hobbies include playing mah-jong,swimming and reading.搓麻将、游泳和读书都是他的爱好。【巧解句构】 该句是一个简单句。mah-jong,swimming and reading 作 play 的并列宾语。拓展延伸 动词 include 意为“包括；包含”（接名词和动名词） 。Your duties include checking the post and distributing it.你的职
40、责是检查和发送邮件。including 为介词,意为“ 包含, 包括”, 用于名词、代词之前。At least 20 people got hurt,including 3 policemen.包括 3 名警察在内,至少 20 人受伤。included 为形容词,意为“包括在内的”,用于名词、代词之后。Everyone had something to say,me included.所有的人,包括我在内,都有些话要说。10.He used to walk to his rice fields twice a day,but now he prefers to ride his motorcycle.他过去一天两次走着去稻田,现在他更喜欢骑摩托车去。
