1、四、语法详解1.宾语从句及其用法宾语从句属于名词性从句。一个从句在句子中充当了宾语这一成分，该句子就被称为宾语从句，宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序。宾语从句主要是放在动词、介词和形容词后。相应地称为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。（1）作动词的宾语大部分宾语从句放在动词之后。有些宾语从句前有间接宾语。如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it，而将从句放在宾补之后。在 think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句的谓语动词 think 等变为否定形式。在 believe,think,
2、imagine,suppose,guess,hope 等动词以及 Im afraid 之后，可用 so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用 not 代替一个否定的宾语从句。（2）作介词宾语that 引导的宾语从句只有在 except,but,in,besides 等少数介词后偶尔可能用到。有时在介词和其宾语从句间加形式宾语 it。介词的宾语从句不能用 if 引导，而应用 whether。（3）作形容词宾语在某些形容词（afraid,sure,certain,confident）作表语时，可接一个 that 引导的宾语从句。2.表语从句及其用法在句子中充当表语的从句称作表语从句，学好表语从句的关键在
3、于学会正确使用引导表语从句的连接词及牢记几个特殊用法：（1）that 引导的表语从句that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.四个烟民中就有可能有一人死于吸烟。（2）whether 引导的表语从句连接词 whether 起连接作用，意为“是否；究竟；到底” （注意： if 不能引导表语从句） ，在句中也不作任何成分。The question is whether that man will turn up
4、in time.问题是那个人是否会及时出现。（3）what,which,who,whom,whose 引导的表语从句连接词 what,which,who,whom,whose 除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。Tom is no longer what he used to be.汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。 （what 在从句中作系动词 be 的表语）Thats what interests me.那就是使我感兴趣的东西。 （what 在从句中作主语）The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
5、问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 （who 在从句中作主语）The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.重要的是谁的名字应当放在最前头。 （whose 在从句中作定语）The question is which of us should come first.问题是我们哪一个应当先到。 （which 在从句中作主语）That is what he is worried about.那正是他所担心的。 （what 在从句中作宾语）（4）where,when,why,how 引导的表语从句连接副词
6、 when,where,how,why 除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。Thats where I cant agree with you.那就是我不能同意你的地方。This is why Sara was late for the meeting.这就是萨拉开会迟到的原因。This is how they overcame the difficulties.他们就是这样克服困难的。My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.我印象最深的是我参加一次美国婚礼的情景。（5）其他
7、连词 as if,because,as,as though 引导的表语从句because 引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because”结构中。as if/as though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词 look,seem,sound,be,become 等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。The elephant feels as if/though he were a wall.大象摸起来像一堵墙。It sounds as if/though somebody is knocking at the door.听起来像有人在敲门。My anger
8、 is because you havent written to me for a long time.我生气是因为你很长时间不给我写信。The important points are as follows.要点如下。（6）特别应注意的两点通常用 that 引导表语从句的情况：A.主语是表示“结果”的名词 “the result”时。The result is that many of them become fat.结果是他们中许多人发胖了。B.主语是表示“原因；理由” 的名词“the reason”时。The reason why I didnt attend the conferen
9、ce was that I was too busy.我未出席会议是因为我太忙了。C.由 why 引导的从句作主语时。Why I decided to put off the football match is that the weather was too bad.我们决定推迟这场足球赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。D.固定句型“The truth is that”中，that 不能换作其他词，引导的表语从句说明实际情况，相当于“The fact is that”，意为“实际是” 。The truth is that I didnt know about it at all.实际上我一点也不知道这
10、件事。语气：在表示“意愿、要求、命令、建议”等名词后的表语从句，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形” ，should 可省略。这类名词有idea,proposal,suggestion,order,plan,decision,advice,desire,requirement 等。My proposal is that he should have further explation to us.我的建议是他必须对我们作进一步解释。Our plan is that we have a sports meet next week.我们计划下周举行运动会。Our suggestion is th
11、at he shouldnt eat too much sugar and fat.我们建议他不能吃太多糖和脂肪。3.引导名词性从句的连接词分类 词形 词义 作从句的成分连接词 thatwhether/if 是否 who（ever） （无论）谁（主格） 主语、表语whom（ever） （无论）谁（宾格） 宾语whose（ ever） （无论）谁的（所有格） 主语、宾语、表语、定语which（ever ） （无论）哪一个（些） 主语、宾语、表语、定语连接代词what（ever ） （无论）什么，（东西） 主语、宾语、表语、定语when 什么时间 状语where 什么地点 状语how 怎样；如何
12、状语连接副词why 为什么 状语在非正式场合，that 在引导宾语从句时可省去：I think（that） you are right.我认为你是对的。whether 能引导所有名词性从句，而且能和 or not 连用；if 只能引导宾语从句，但不能和or not 连用。I dont know whether I should take his advice or not.（if）我不知道是否要接受他的建议。They asked whether（if）we would need any help.他们问我们是否需要帮助。what 引导名词性从句时，可有两种意义：A.保持原有的疑问意义。B.表示
13、“东西” “事情 ”：I dont know what he wants.（宾语从句）我不知道他要什么。Thats what he wants.（表语从句）那是他要的东西。what=all that,不可用混：误：This is all what we should do.正：This is what we should do.正：This is all （that）we should do.这是我们应该做的。从句要用陈述语序，尤其是含疑问意义的 wh-类词引出的从句要更加注意。带-ever 的关系代词起强调作用：Whoever makes mistakes must correct them
14、.（主语从句）凡犯了错误的必须改正。You can take whichever room you prefer.（宾语从句）你愿意要哪间房就要哪一间。活学巧用单项填空1.Can you tell me _?A.did he whether pass the examB.did whether he pass the examC.whether did he pass the examD.whether he passed the exam提示：tell 后跟双宾语，间接宾语为宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。答案：D2.He told_should read.A.me what I B.me I
15、 whatC.what me I D.what I me提示：tell 后跟双宾语，间接宾语为宾语从句，宾语从句中引导词 what 位于句首。答案：A3.I thought _he failed to call me.A.it strange that B.its that strangeC.strange it is that D.that it strange提示：think+宾语+ 宾补,宾语由宾语从句充当，故用形式宾语 it 代替，真正的宾语从句置于句尾。答案：A4.Do you think it will clear up?_.A.I think so B.I think it is
16、C.I think it D.I think is提示：I think so.情景交际中的固定搭配。句意为 “我认为是那样的” 。代词 so 代指上文的一句话否定为 I think not 或 I dont think so。答案：A5.You didnt turn off the light._.Ill go and turn it off.A.I did nor B.Nor I didC.Did I nor D.Nor did I提示：Nor I did turn off the light.“我的确没有关掉灯。 ”答案：B6.Your article is all right excep
17、t _its too long.A./ B.as C.that D.because提示：except that 引导从句， “除了” 。答案：C7.I care for nothing but _he can finish it on time.A.if B.that C.when D.whether提示：根据题干，需用表示“是否”的引导词来引导从句，作介词的宾语，只能用 whether引导表示“是否” 。答案：D8.Im afraid_I have made a mistake.A.how B.when C.that D.why提示：Im afraid that“我恐怕” 。答案：C9.Il
18、l see to _everything is ready.A.it that B.it C.that D./提示：句意为“我将务必把一切准备就绪” 。see to it that“务必使某事发生” 。答案：A10.He didnt tell me_.A.where we met B.where did we meetC.did we where meet D.did where we meet提示：tell 加双宾语，间接宾语为宾语从句，宾语从句的引导词需位于句首，且从句必须用陈述语序。答案：A11.You are saying that everyone should be equal,a
19、nd this is _I agree very much.A.why B.where C.what D.how答案：B12.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand_they insist on going by motorbike.A.why B.whetherC.when D.how提示：句意为“我不能理解他们为什么坚持骑摩托车” 。答案：A13.We can not figure out_quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.w
20、hy D.when提示：why 引导宾语从句，表示 “的原因” 。 “我们无从得知为什么大量的昆虫、鸟类和动物灭绝了。 ”答案：C14.I have always been honest and straightforward,as it doesnt matter _Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom提示：it 作形式主语，主语从句用陈述语序。答案：B15.She promised_ he had enough money she would marry him.A.that B.if C.that i
21、f D.if that提示：that 从句作 promise 的宾语从句。that 在从句中不作任何成分。答案：C16.A computer can only do_you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when提示：what 引导名词性从句，在从句中作 do 的宾语。答案：C17.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I fee
22、l about itD.when I feel excited提示：what 引导表语从句。句意为“那就是使我感到激动的事情” 。答案：A18.It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.A.it what to do withB.what to do it withC.what to do with itD.to do what with it提示：what 引导宾语从句，作 know 的宾语，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语。句意为“据说在澳大利亚，那儿有很多土地，政府都不知道用它们
23、来做什么好。 ”答案：C19.These photographs will show you_.A.what does our village look likeB.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look likeD.how our village looks like提示：show 后跟双宾语，间接宾语由宾语从句充当，宾语从句需用陈述语序。答案：B20.Can you make sure _the gold ring?A.where Alice has putB.where had Alice putC.where Ali
24、ce had putD.Where has Alice put提示：where 引导的宾语从句，从句须用陈述语序，由题意知需用现在完成时态。答案：A21.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where提示：why 引导表语从句，译为 “的原因” 。答案：A22.No one will be sure _in a million years.A.what will man look likeB.what man will look lik
25、eC.man will look like whatD.what look will man like 提示：what 引导宾语从句，作 be sure 的宾语，从句需用陈述语序。答案：B23._the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A.Which B.That C.Whether D.If提示：根据题意，需选择“是否”之意，if 作“是否”讲引导从句不能位于主句句首，故选用 whether。答案：C24.The reason why he didnt come to school was _he was ill.A.because B.why C.how D.that提示：the reason 作主语，其表语从句由 that 引导。答案：D25.They want to make it clear to the public _they do an important job.A.when B.where C.that D.which提示：it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为 that 从句。答案：C
