1、 英语试题 2018.12注 意 事 项 ：1 答 题 前 ， 先 将 自 己 的 姓 名 、 准 考 证 号 填 写 在 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 上 ， 并 将 准 考 证 号条 形 码 粘 贴 在 答 题 卡 上 的 指 定 位 置 。2 选 择 题 的 作 答 ： 每 小 题 选 出 答 案 后 ， 用 2B 铅 笔 把 答 题 卡 上 对 应 题 目 的 答 案标 号 涂 黑 ， 写 在 试 题 卷 、 草 稿 纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。3 非 选 择 题 的 作 答 ： 用 签 字 笔 直 接 答 在 答 题 卡 上 对 应 的 答 题 区 域
2、 内 。 写 在 试 题 卷 、草 稿 纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。4 考 试 结 束 后 ， 请 将 本 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 上 交 。第 卷第 一 部 分 听 力 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 30 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 5 小 题 ； 每 小 题 1.5 分 ， 满 分 7.5 分 ）听 下 面 5 段 对 话 。 每 段 对 话 后 有 一 个 小 题 ， 从 题 中 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 三 个 选 项 中 选 出最 佳 选 项 ， 并 标 在 试 卷 的 相 应 位 置 。 听 完 每 段 对 话 后 ， 你 都 有 10
3、秒 钟 的 时 间 来 回答 有 关 小 题 和 阅 读 下 一 小 题 。 每 段 对 话 仅 读 一 遍 。1. Why did the woman change her job?A. She has to save money for her journey.B. She doesnt like the company.C. It took her too much time to go to work.2. How long will it take to go to New York by the fast train?A. 70 minutes. B. 55 minutes. C.
4、 50 minutes.3. What do we learn from the conversation?A. Susan couldnt pass the exam.B. Susan thought she did quite well in the exam.C. Susan had expected the exam to be easier.4. What does the man usually have for breakfast?A. Fried cakes. B. Fried rice-noodles. C. Noodles.5. Why does Susan want to
5、 live in the city?A. She is working in the city.B. Life in the suburbs is lonely.C. Jobs are easier to find in the city.第二节 （ 共 15 小 题 ； 每 小 题 1.5 分 ， 满 分 22.5 分 ） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段 对话或独白后有几个小题，从题 中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并 标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段
6、对话，回答第 6 和第 7 题。6. Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Boss and secretary. C. Doctor and nurse.7. What was the woman a year ago?A. A nurse. B. A bank clerk. C. A secretary.听下面一段对话，回答第 8 和第 9 题。8. When did the woman get to Canada?A. Several days
7、 ago. B. Last month. C. Last September.9. How much did it cost the woman to get to the Pacific Hotel?A. $17.25. B. $70.25. C. $71.52.听下面一段对话，回答第 10 至第 12 题。10. What is the advantage of using a Bucky card?A. Convenience. B. Saving money. C. Discounts on few things.11. How much is the card?A. 9 dollar
8、s for half a year. B. 19 dollars for a year. C. 17 dollars for a year.12. What will the man do at last?A. Buy a Bucky card. B. Refuse to take the card. C. Go with the woman.听下面一段对话，回答第 13 至第 16 题。13. What has the man been preparing for in the past week?A. His road test.B. A test on the rules of the
9、road.C.A ride from his home to his office.14. Where did the man begin his test?A. In a commercial area. B. In a school zone. C. On a winding trail.15. What mistake did the man almost make?A. Crashed into another vehicle.B. Hit a passer-by.C. Forgot to signal when taking a turn.16. What does the woma
10、n suggest the man do at the end of the conversation?A. He should come on Friday to take her place.B. Hed better take more driving lessons.C. Hed better take the test with another officer.听下面一段对话，回答第 17 至第 20 题。17. Why are traffic accidents regarded as a social problem?A. Automobiles are more destruc
11、tive to human society.B. Peace breakers(肇事者) pay little attention to law.C. Modern technology brings more harm than good.18. Why does the passage mention the psychological condition of the drivers?A. It is a main reason leading to accidents.B. Researchers show great interest in this.C. Few drivers k
12、now the dangers of accidents.19. What legal measures have been taken towards safer driving in the past few years?A. Raising safety standards for vehicles.B. Limiting the number of vehicles on express ways.C. Regulating the release of drivers licenses.20. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To
13、 show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B. To warn drivers of the destruction of careless driving.C. To promote drivers social awareness and sense of responsibility.第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 40 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 15 小 题 ： 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 30 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 （ A、
14、B、 C 和 D） 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项 ， 并在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑 。AIn fairy tales, its usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-year-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”
15、. Her job is to hack into the most popular web browser（浏览器） on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Googles attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them.Tabrizs role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at
16、Google. Back then, the young graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers-today there are over 500.Cybercrime（网络犯罪）has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to credit card theft. Tabrizs biggest concern now is the people who find bugs in Googles sof
17、tware, and sell the information to governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20, 000 for reported mistakes.Its a world away from Tabrizs computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-A
18、merican doctor father, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across a line-up of Google security staff today and youll find women like Tabriz are few and far between（稀少的）- though in the last few years she ha
19、s hired more female tech geniuses. She admits theres an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but a vending machine. Tabrizs job is as much about technological know-how（专门知识）as understand
20、ing the psychology of attackers.21. What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A. She was the first female engineer at Google.B. She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C. Her job relates to not only technology but also psychology.D. Her frequent contact with computers in child
21、hood benefits her a lot.22. Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A. To protect Google against cybercrime.B. To monitor the normal operation of Google.C. To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D. To raise peoples awareness of personal information safety.23. What does the un
22、derlined word “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Imbalance. B. Preference. C. Difference. D. Discrimination.24. Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A. What leads to cybercrimeB. The “Security Princess” who guards GoogleC. Measures taken by Google to protect its us
23、ersD. How to become an excellent security engineerBThe English have a difficult and, generally speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an in
24、ternational reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellence, such as high-class mens suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”.You may be surprised that I am including “innovati
25、ve street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrot-haired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? Its true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的) but in fact they all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a
26、 uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone elses opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentr
27、ic than any other nations street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen, but we have a sort of collective eccentricity, and ye appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important
28、 for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves. However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.The goths, in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into
29、 conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chatting to a goth in the full vampire costumewith a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”. “Why are you wearing that?” I asked. “In case you dont r
30、ealize Im a goth.” he answered, pretending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.25. What can we know about the English people?A. They need rules to dress well. B. They are in need of uniforms.C. They are creative in general. D. They lead the world trend.26. Who is individually eccentric in dres
31、sing?A. A high-class man. B. A parrot-haired punk.C. The Queen. D. The fashion innovator.27. Which of the following can best describe the goths?A. They dress badly.B. They dress in an amusing way.C. They are unable to laugh at the way they dress.D. They are less fashionable than the other English pe
32、ople.28. What may be the best title for the text?A. How the English DressB. How the English Admire FashionC. Why the English Like UniformsD. Why the English Are Eccentric in DressCNot long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in
33、 the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or ot
34、her caregivers. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings. One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was
35、born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a differen
36、t story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children. Researchers st
37、udied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their childrens activities and did not interfere(干预) unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and langua
38、ge development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression. The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language sk
39、ills and understanding what they hear.These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were cari
40、ng, even when they suffered from depression.29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies?A. The environment. B. Their peersC. Mothers sensitivity D. Education before birth30. What is the purpose of the experiment in which n
41、ewborn babies heard the stories?A. To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are bornB. To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babiesC. To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies language skillsD. To prove that babies can learn before the
42、y are born31. Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?A. The children of women who did not suffer from depressionB. The children of depressed but caring mothersC. The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their childrenD. Children with high communication abilit
43、ies32. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babiesB. Scientific findings about how babies develop before birthC. Scientific findings about how time has an effect on babies intelligenceD. A study shows babies are not able to learn things until
44、 they are five or six months oldDOver seven months have passed since Panamanian officials launched an expansion of the world famous Panama Canal. Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest cargo ships (货船) could easily pass through the canal. Yet the $ 5.25-billion project
45、has problems. It says ships still continue to rub against the canals walls and wear out its defenses designed to protect both shipping and the waterway.A dangerous systemThe canal links two oceans-the Atlantic and the Pacific-through a system of locks (船闸). The locks are like steps. They raise and l
46、ower ships from one part of the waterway to another on their trip from ocean to ocean.With the old locks, which are still in use, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep the ships in the center of the canal. In the new locks, the ships are tied to tugb
47、oats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. These boats then guide the ships through the canal.At first, pilots of the cargo ships and tugboat operators would sometimes try to rub the boats against the canal walls as a way to keep the ships straight. But
48、 this caused damage to rubber padding (垫料) lining the walls.Not enough trainingEven before the expanded canal opened in June 2016, tugboat operators had expressed concern about the new system. Many asked for more training. The fears and dangers remain, although the boats are going through.The Panama
49、 Canal Authority reports that, between June 2016 and January 2017, there were only 15 incidents that resulted in damage to locks or ships. That represents about 2 percent of the 700 times ships that have sailed through the expanded canal.Pilots have argued they should be replaced with a system of floating bumpers (减震) like those used in some European locks. Officials say they plan to continue operating with the current system of defenses, but changes could happen in the future.33. What is the difference between the new locks and
