1、八年级上册单词讲解M1I.pair （相关的）两个人； 一对1） a pair of 一双；一副；一套；一对；一条 例如: a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 a pair of gloves 一双手套 a pair of trousers 一条裤子 2）two pairs of 两双；两副；两套；两对；两条3）some pairs of 许多双；许多副；许多套；许多对；许多条4） in pairs 两个两个地 例如: work in pairs 两人一组 2. spelling 拼写1） 它是 spell 的名词 2）the spelling of .的拼写 例如: can you
2、 tell me the spelling of this word? 你能告诉我这个单词的拼写吗？3.practice 练习短语 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 例如: We should practice writing English letters everyday.我们应该每天练习写英语。4.match 找到与 .相配之物；使相配；使成对短语：match A with B 把 A 与 B 相匹配 例如: Match the words with their meanings. 把这些单词与它们的意思相匹配plete 把.填完整；使完全短语 complete A w
3、ith B 用 B 把 A 填完整 例如: Complete the sentences with the words in the box.用方框中的单词把句子补充完整。 6.look up 查； 查找(字典)；向上看， （名中后代中间）例如:1） You can look up the new words in the dictionary.你可以在字典中查找新单词2) If you dont understand the new words, you can look them up in the dictionary.如果你不理解这些字，你可以在字典中查找它们。3）I look up
4、the sky and see a bird. 我向天空中望去，看到了一只鸟。7.mistake 错误；过错1）make a mistake=make mistakes 犯错误 例如: Everyone will make a mistake in his life. = Everyone will make mistakes in his life. 每个人都会在他的一生中犯错误。2）by mistake 无意的 例如: Yesterday I saw him playing in the garden by mistake.昨天我无意间看见他在花园里玩。8.write down （名中后代
5、中间）These sentences are very important, lease write them down.这些句子很重要，请把它们记下来。9.advice 意见；建议1）不可数名词，可用 some，much，a piece of，pieces of 等修饰2）常见短语： a /one piece of advice 一条建议 some advice 一些建议 例如: Ill give you some advice on how to learn English well.我会给你一些关于怎样学好英语的建议3）常见搭配： ask for advice 征求意见 follow /
6、take ones advice 接受某人的意见 give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议【你还学过那些不可数名词呢?】homework, news , information, work, weather4）advice 的动词是 advise 短语： advise sb. to do sth.例如: He advises me to ride a bike to school.他建议我骑自行车去学校My teacher advises me to leave now. 老师建议我现在就离开。10.try 尽力；尝试try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing
7、sth. 试着做某事try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事例如:They are trying to study English well. 他们正努力学好英语。I am trying doing it in this way. 我正试着用这种方法做。 We should try/do our best to help people. 我们应该尽最大努力帮助人们。11.possible 可能的短语：asas possible = asas sb. can 尽可能地例如: Please write to me as soon as possible.= Plea
8、se write to me as soon as you can.请尽可能快地给我写信。 12. forget 忘；忘记短语：1）forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（某事还没发生）例如: I forget to close the door. 我忘记关门了。2）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（某事已经发生）例如: I forget going over lessons. 我忘记已经复习过功课了。3) Dont forget to do sth. =Remember to do sth. 不要忘记做某事。例如: Dont forget to have break
9、fast before school.= Remember to have breakfast before school. 别忘记上学之前吃早饭。比较：forget doing sth.忘记做过某事,(已做) forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(未做)remember doing sth 记住做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记住要做某事(未做)13.agree 赞同短语：1）agree with sb. 同意某人 例如: I agree with you.我同意你/ 我赞同你。2）agree to do sth. 同意做某事例如: My mum agree
10、d to buy a new bike for me.我妈妈同意给我买一辆新自行车。3) agree on sth. 同意某事 例如: I agree on the Summer Camp.我同意夏令营。4) agree with sb. on sth. 在某方面与某人意见一致例如:I agree with you on study. 在学习上我同意你的观点。 14. ask for 请求（给予）短语：1）ask for help 寻求帮助例如: Im lost. I want to ask for help. 我迷路了，我想寻求帮助。2）ask sb. for help 寻求某人的帮助例如:
11、Lily wants to ask me for help. Lily 想要寻求我的帮助。15.natural 合理的；合乎常情的 短语： Its natural to do sth. 做某事是正常的例如: Its natural to forget new words. 忘记新单词是很正常的。16. suggest 表示“建议，提议”1）它的名词是 suggestion,是可数名词。2）suggest 的用法： suggest sth. 建议某事suggest （ones ）doing sth. 建议某人做某事suggest that sb. (should) do sth.建议某人应该做某
12、事例如:(1)She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点出发。(2)I suggested his / him giving up the idea. 我建议他放弃那念头。(3)She suggested that I (should) study hard.她建议我努力学习。3). suggest 还有“暗示，表明 ”的意思， 例如: The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy他脸上的表情表明他很开心。17. several times 几次time ：次数，可数； many times
13、 时间，不可数 much time;1）time 构成的短语： at times /from time to time 有时，偶尔 on time 准时 all the time 总是，一直 in time 及时，迟早 each time 每次 next time 下次 for the first time 第一次 for the last time 最后一次（2）time 构成的句型： Its time for sth. / Its time to do sth. 该是干的时间了。 例如: Its time for bed.=Its time to go to bed. 该是睡觉的时候了。
14、18. something new 一些新东西 不定代词有：something 一些东西/一些事情, anything 任何东西 /任何事情,nothing 没有东西 /没有事情, everything 每个东西 /每件事情,somewhere 某个地方 ,anywhere 任何地方, nowhere 没有地方 ,everywhere 到处, someone 某人, anyone 任何人,nobody 没有人 , somebody 某人, anybody 任何人不定代词与形容词的关系： 形容词放在不定代词后：例如: someone strange 某个奇怪的人, something else.
15、别的某个东西M21. population “（某一地区的）人口；全体居民” ，它是一个集体名词。 population 常与定冠词 the 连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 （be 动词用 is;实义动词加 s 或 es）例如:The worlds population is growing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如:About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口
16、是农民。 表示人口的“多”或“少”,要用“large ”或“small” 。 例如:India has a large population. 印度人口众多。 Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。 询问某国某地有多少人口时，要用“How large.？” 。问具体人口用“What.？” 。 例如: What is the population of Canada？ = How large is the population of Canada？ 加拿大的人口有多少？ The population of Canada is about 29 mill
17、ion. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。表示“某地有多少人口”有两种表达方式： The population of 某地 be数词 某地has a population of 数词如:1)Whats the population of Hong Kong?= How large is the population of Hong Kong? 香港的人口是多少？2) China has a population of more than 1.3 billion.= The population of China is more than 1.3 billion.中国有大于十三亿人口。2.mill
18、ion 百万1）数字+million 2) million + s + of 数百万的拓展:与 million 有相同用法的词还有:hundred （百） ,thousand（千）billion（十亿）。 3.方位1）短语：in the east of 在东部, in the west of 在西部 in the north of 在 北部 in the south of 在 南部 2）方位词 in ,on , to 的用法:属于内部用 in , 接壤用 on , 相隔用 toM31.-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的区别-ed 形容词 (修饰人) -ing 形容词（修饰物） 例句excite
19、d 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 We are excited about the exciting newsrelaxed 感到放松的 relaxing 令人感动的 interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 I am interested in an interesting book.surprised 感到惊奇的 surprising 令人惊奇的 We are excited about the exciting newsbored 感到无聊的 boring 令人无聊的 2.matter 问题；麻烦短语：Whats the matter with sb?？
20、=Whats wrong with sb?=What happened to sb?=Whats the trouble with sb.?=Whats up? 某人怎么了?3.enjoyable 令人愉快的；有乐趣的 1）它是 enjoy 的形容词2）关于 enjoy 的短语：enjoy doing sth.=like doing sth.= love doing sth.喜欢做某事例如:I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。enjoy oneself 玩的开心，过得愉快=have a (wonderful/great/ good/nice/ fantastic) tim
21、e= have fun 例如： Lily enjoyed herself last week。 Lily 上周玩的很开心。4. beat 打败；战胜win 与 beat 都有“获胜, 打败”的意思.区别：beat 后面接人或队，表示打败某人。如 :We beat them. 我们打败了他们。win 后面接比赛或名次。如: We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了比赛/获得了第一名。 5. against 对1）表示“与 对抗”。短语： play against 与 .对抗;fight against 与.作斗争例如：Germany wil
22、l play against England tonight.今晚德国（队）将与英国（队）对抗。 we should fight against bad people. 我们应该与坏人作斗争2）against 另一个意思为“反对”。短语： be（am/is/are）against sth.反对某事They are against the idea. 他们反对这个主意。6. pleased 开心的；满足的短语：1）be（am/is/are） pleased with sb 对某人满意 例如: My teacher is pleased with us.老师对我们很满意。north 北方east
23、东方northeast 东北方southwest 西南方northwest 西北方west 西方south 南方 southeast 东南方B A B A BAin on to2）be（am/is/are） pleased to do sth 做某事很高兴例如: My mother is pleased to cook dinner for me.妈妈很高兴给我做饭。7.chance 可能性,机会短语:have a chance to do sth.= have a chance of doing sth.有机会做某事例如:You will have a chance to win if yo
24、u work harder.=You will have a chance of winning if you work harder.如果你（们）再用功些，就有机会获胜。M41.close adj. (距离上)近的 ,接近的 adv.(距离上 )接近地短语： be close to 与.接近 /靠近. 反义词: be far from 远离./ 离. 很远例如: 1) My house is close to a supermarket.我的房子靠近一家超市。2) My house is far from a supermarket.我的房子离一家超市很远。2.cost 价钱为;花费 价钱;
25、成本;代价 例如: 1）The cost of the bike is 2000yuan.这辆自行车价格为 2000 元。2) This bike costs me 2000yuan. 这辆自行车花费我 2000 元。spend, pay, cost ,take 都表示“花费”1.spend 主语是人 过去时：spend-spent常用句型：sb.+spend+ 时间/金钱 on sth 意思:某人花费多少时间/ 金钱在某事上 例如: I spend 3 hours on my homework. 我花了 3 个小时做作业. sb.+spend+时间/金钱 (in) doing sth 意思：
26、某人花费多少时间/ 金钱做某事例如: I spend 3 hours (in) doing my homework. 我花了 3 个小时做作业.2.pay 主语是人。 过去时：pay-paid常用句型： sb+pay +时间/金钱+for+sth. 意思：某人支付多少时间/金钱给某事例如: I paid 300 yuan for my onlineshopping. 我支付 300 元给我的网购.3.cost 主语是物。 过去时：cost-cost常用句型： sth.+cost +sb+时间/金钱 意思： 某物花费某人多少时间/ 金钱例如: This beautiful scarf cost
27、Lily 40 yuan. 这条漂亮的围巾花了 Lily 40 元。4.take 主语是物。 过去时：take-took常用句型 It takes/took sb +时间/金钱 to do sth.意思:做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱例如: It takes me 2 years to learn to 这条漂亮 drive. 学开车花了我两年时间。It took her half an hour to get home yesterday. 昨天她回家花了半个小时.M51.offer 提议 ;提出； 提供短语： offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物
28、例如: The old man offered me a nice room. 这位老人给我提供了一个不错的房间。 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事例如: She offered to buy a colour TV.她提出要买一台彩电。2. end n. （时间的）最后一段，末尾 v. 结束，停止短语：in the end 指“最后，最终，终于”例如: He tried many jobs and in the end he became a teacher. 他尝试了很多工作，最后成为了一名教师。 at the end 表示“的末尾，的尽头”例如: Turn left int
29、o Hope Street and our house is right at the end.左转进入希望街，我们的房子在右边的尽头。at the end of 表示“在末尾，在尽头”例如: I will go to Beijing at the end of July. 我将在七月底去北京。 There is a coffee bar at the end of the street. 这条街的尽头有一家咖啡馆。3. show v. 展示;显示 n. 演出; 表演 短语：show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb 给某人展示某物例如:I will show you my
30、new present.= I will show my new present to you .我会给你看我的新礼物。show sb. around= take sb. around 带某人四处参观例如: Mr Chen showed us around his factory.= Mr Chen took us around his factory. 陈先生带我们参观了他的工厂 .M61.danger 危险；危害 形容词是 dangerous短语：1) in danger =at risk 处于危险中例如: Many animals are in danger now. 许多动物正处于危险
31、中 .2)out of danger 脱离危险例如: Dont worry! He is out of danger. 别担心。他脱离危险了。3. interested 关心的；感兴趣的短语: be interested to do sth. 对做感兴趣例如: I am interested to watch films. 我对看电影感兴趣. be interested in sth. 对感兴趣例如: I am interested in films. 我对看电影感兴趣.be interested in doing sth. 对做.感兴趣例如: The boy is interested in
32、 seeing films.这个男孩对看电影感兴趣.4.allow 允许;准许短语:(1)allow doing sth. 允许做某事例如:They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟.(2)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的字典.(3)allow sb. sth. 让某人拥有某物(尤指钱或时间)例如: He allows his son too much money.他让他的儿子拥有太多的钱.(4)allow +
33、that . 承认例如: We had to allow that he was a good teacher.我们不得不承认他是个好老师.5. enough 足够的；充分的enough +名词例如: I cant believe he has enough food to eat. 我不相信他有足够吃的食物.形容词+enough例如: My brother is old enough to go to school. 我弟弟足够大, 可以去上学.6. notice 布告；告示 例如: There is a notice.那有个告示.注意 notice sb. doing sth. 注意某人正
34、在做某事例如: At that time, I noticed him playing on the street.那时, 我注意他正在街上玩.7. in order to 为了 in order to do sth “为了做某事”例如: In order to be a doctor, you have to study for five years in college.要当一名医生，你(们) 需要在大学学习五年。in order (not) to do sth “为了(不)做某事”例如: I get up early in order not to miss the bus. 为了不错过
35、公交车，我起的很早。 in order that +句子例如: I must study hard in order that I can have too much money.为了有很多钱，我必须努力学习。8. feed 喂养，饲养 短语：feed sb. on sth.=feed sth. to sb. 用某物喂某人例如: Feed the food to the baby in small pieces.= Feed the baby on the food in small pieces. 用小块儿的食物喂婴儿。feed on sth. 以.为食 例如: Lions feed on
36、meat.老虎以肉为食。9.symbol 标志 短语：be the symbol of “是的象征” 。例如: Green is the symbol of Spring. 绿色是春天的象征。10. too+形容词+to+do sth. 意为“太而不能”， =so + 形容词 + that+sb. cant do sth. =not +形容词+ enough to do sth. (not 后的形容词与 too 后的形容词相反)e.g. She is too young to go to school.=She is so young that she cant go to school=Sh
37、e is not old enough to go to school. 她太小不能去上学M81. in time“及时” 短语：in time to do sth. “及时做某事” 例如: If we dont hurry up, we wont be in time to catch the train.如果不抓紧时间的话，我们就来不及赶上火车了。2. fall off “从跌落” 。例如: He fell off the tree and hurt his leg.他从树上跌落，摔伤了腿。fall down“摔倒” 。例如: You must be careful not to fall
38、 down.你必须留心不会跌下去。3.risk 危险，风险 短语： the risk of sth危险的例如: You must think about the risk of an accident.你必须要 一场事故的危险.at the risk of doing sth. 冒着危险做某事例如: He helps the old man at the risk of being late.他冒着迟到的风险帮助老人.4.attention 注意力短语：pay attention “注意，留心” 。pay attention to （sth/doing sth） “注意做某事”。例如: You
39、 must pay attention to your study.你必须专心学习。 Please pay attention to spelling the words. 请注意拼写这些单词。5.bite 咬，叮 过去时 bit短语: (1)“bite sb.+on+the+较硬而突出的身体部位” 表示“咬某人的某个部位”。（head, back, nose, chest, shoulder,hand）（2） “ bite sb.+in+the+较软而凹的身体的某部位”表示“咬某人的某个部位”。 (face, eye, stomach) 6.throw 扔，掷短语: throw away 扔
40、掉 Eg：I throw away an old coat. 我扔掉了一件旧外套.throw about 到处乱扔 例如:Dont throw about the waste paper.不要乱扔废纸. throw at 向扔去The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.这个调皮的男孩向狗扔去了一块石头。M91.prepare 准备 短语：prepare for 为做准备 例如: They are preparing for the New Year.他们正为新年做准备. prepare sth. for 为准备某物例如: Please prepare
41、the table for the dinner.请为晚餐准备桌子 .prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.例如: We prepare to go fishing next weekend.我们准备下周去钓鱼.M101.joke n. 笑话；玩笑 v. 开玩笑1) joke 作名词时的常用短语有 : tell a joke /tell jokes 讲个笑话 例如: Can you tell me a joke, Mum? 妈妈，你能给我讲个笑话吗?play a joke on sb 戏弄某人，对某人搞恶作剧例如: She played a joke on her friend.
42、她跟她的朋友开了个玩笑。2)Are you joking?你在开玩笑吗？ 用于口语 ；表示说话人感到惊讶或者不相信。3）joke 作动词时常用结构为：joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑例如: Tommys uncle often jokes with him. 汤米的叔叔经常跟他开玩笑。joke about sth. 拿某事物开玩笑例如 :Dont joke about it. 别拿它开玩笑。2. neither （某人或某事物）也不1）neithernor 既不也不(两者都不) 就近原则。例如：Neither he nor I clean the blackboard. 既不是他也不是
43、我擦黑板.2） eitheror 要么要么(两者之一 )例如：Either he or I clean the blackboard. 要么他, 要么我擦黑板.3.probably=possibly 或许；可能用于助动词（will/have ） 、be 动词(am/is/are/was/were)、情态动词(can/may/might/must/should/need)之后，实意动词之前。例如: It will probably be cold tomorrow. 明天可能会很冷。Lily can probably be her friend. Lily 可能是她的朋友。Tom is prob
44、ably a good boy. Tom 也许是一个好男孩。He has probably been to Shanghai. 他可能去过上海.My mum probably cooked something delicious for me.妈妈也许给我做了好吃的4. possible 可能；也许短语： Its possible to do sth. 例如: Its possible to rain. 天可能下雨。Its possible that + 句子. 例如: Its possible that he is angry.情态动词后面 + 动词原形 没有人称和数的变化否定式在后面加 “
45、not“注意1. may （可以/可能） may 开头的疑问句肯定回答用 may，否定回答用mustnt 或 cant. 2. might(may 的过去时) might 有时可不做过去时，可能性比 may 小4. can(可以/能够)could(可以) 委婉语气could 开头的疑问句，答语应用 can可表“推测”5. need（需要） need 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用neednt6.had better 否定形式是 had better not7. must（一定/必须）可表“推测”must 开头的疑问句否定回答用 dont have to 或neednt。8.ha
46、ve to(不得不) 否定形式是 dont have to=neednt关于天气的词汇名词 动词 形容词(be 动词之后)1. sun 太阳 sunshine（阳光）2. rain 雨 下雨sunny 晴朗的rainy 多雨的；雨的3. cloud 云 4. snow 雪5. wind 风 6. storm 暴风雨 7. shower 阵雨下雪 cloudy 多云的snowy 多雪的 ;下雪的windy 多风的;刮大风的stormy 有暴风雨的showery 有雷阵雨的天气表达法询问“今天天气怎么样？” 询问“明天天气将会怎么样？”问句：Whats the weather like today
47、? 问句：What will the weather be like tomorrow?回答: It is + 形容词（.的） 回答: It will be+ 形容词(.的)There is (some/a lot of )+ 名词 There will be (some/a lot of)+ 名词It + 动词 It will + 动词will 可换为 may/might(也许/可能)M111.surprise (n). 惊奇，意外之事 （v.）使（某人）吃惊1）surprise 作名词，意为 “惊奇” ，短语：To ones surprise 令某人吃惊的 例如: To my surpri
48、se, he won the match.令我吃惊的是，他赢了比赛。in surprise 吃惊地 例如: John looked at me in surprise. 约翰吃惊地望着我。2） surprise 作动词 surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的练习：He is _ to hear the _news. To his _, he got a full mark in the English test. I saw him going out of the classroom in_.What he said _ me just now.3.difference 差别；差异 形容词是 different 短语： be different from 与.不同 例如: You are different from your mother.你和你妈妈不同.4.acceptaccept 与 receive 的区别accept 指主观上乐意接受所给予、提供或分配之物 1)In China, you accept a gift with both hands.receive 指
