1、2019 届河北省衡水中学高三上学期摸底试英语试题（解析版）第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe annual World Economic Forum (经济论坛) took place in Davos, Switzerland, in Jan. 23-26, 2018. What did Chinese entrepreneurs (企业家) speak in the forum? Are there some quotable quotes
2、 for you?Jack Ma, founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group“I think globalization cannot be stopped no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops, the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve (溶解，结束) the war not cause the war,” said Ma in Davos, “Google, Facebook, Amazo
3、n and Alibaba we are the luckiest companies of this century. But we have the responsibility to have a good heart, and do something good.”Richard Liu, founder and chief executive officer of JD“Business is not only a way to make money but also a way to contribute yourself, to help people,” Liu said in
4、 a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured (分化的) world? Thats the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, if we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust betwee
5、n the people, countries and companies and partners,” he said.Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip“Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.” Sun told S in Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. A refers to AI, B is big d
6、ata, and C is cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these three will be very good weapons for us. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. Mo
7、re manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use cloud, and cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,” Hu told Xinhua in Davos.1. What do Chinese entrepreneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?A. More huge jumps in profits.B. The joine
8、d efforts of mankind.C. Reducing production costs.D. The role of science in business.2. What is the main business of Ctrip?A. Tourism.B. The creation of AI.C. Computer.D. Financial service online.3. What does Hu think will promote global economic development?A. Economy recovery.B. The World Economic
9、 Forum.C. Cloud computing.D. Financial efficiency.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C【解析】文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。【1 题详解】B推理判断题。根据 Jack Ma 中 I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和 Richard Liu 中 I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we ca
10、n unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力，故选 B.【2 题详解】A细节推理题。根据 Jane Sun 中 Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every ye
11、ar there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知 Ctrip 的主要业务是旅游业，故选 A.【3 题详解】C细节推理题。根据最后一部分 In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to
12、 use cloud. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance 可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。故选 C.【名师点睛】细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解
13、题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；文章介绍了中国企业家在达沃斯论坛上发表的一些观点。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如 for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实； 3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题 2 根据 Jane Sun 中 Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new c
14、omers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip 的主要业务是旅游业。小题 3 根据最后一部分 In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use cloud. And cloud computing w
15、ill increase the efficiency of technology and finance 可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系，云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。BIf you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust
16、us if we choose the same dishes as them.During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.
17、The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US con
18、ducted a series of experiments to examine foods role in earning trust.In a test, participants were told to watch TV where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grape
19、s as they talked.The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers
20、treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar
21、clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”4. According to th
22、e passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who _.A. has the same taste as themB. advertises his products on TVC. reduces the price of his productsD. pays attention to the quality of his products5. The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that _.A. food
23、plays an important role in earning peoples trustB. bosses like employees that have the same taste as themC. people who have similar tastes to their bosss earn moreD. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV6. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People who eat similar food a
24、re more likely to trust each other.B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasnt been proved by researchers.D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.7. Which of the following say
25、ings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. All good things come to an end.C. Birds of a feather flock together.D. Where there is a will, there is a way.【答案】4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C【解析】心理学家发现，和经理们（乃至陌生人）吃同样食物的人更容易即刻获得他们的信任。也就是谚语所说的，“人以群分 物以类聚。 ”【4 题详解】C推理判断
26、题。根据第二段最后一句 shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the time.可知 ，顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。故选 C。【5 题详解】A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine foods role in earni
27、ng trust.可知美国 Chicago University 研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故选 A。【6 题详解】A推理判断题。根据最后一段中 this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the common ground and can trust the other person. Thai means negotiations are mo
28、re likely to the successful.”可知， 吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。故选 A。【7 题详解】C推理判断题。根据每条谚语的意思 A. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策。B. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。C. Birds of a feather flock together. 人以群分 物以类聚。D. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成 。可知 C 项符合题意。C“Tomorrow is another day” this
29、line has impressed various people at various times. Its now 70 years after it appeared in the film, but it still seems to hold its power especially during an economic downturn.The phrase comes from a film adaptation of Margaret Mitchells successful 1936 novel Gone With the Wind. Its set in the Ameri
30、can South and tells the story of a strong heroine, Scarlett O Hara, who struggles to find love during the Civil War and, afterwards, of her strength in surviving the war and its hardships.Love storyIn a moment of despair, Scarlett finally realizes that her love belongs to Rhett Butler. For many audi
31、ences, it is the theme of love and struggle that has kept the movie alive. While the burning of Atlanta might seem irrelevant (不相关的 ) to todays viewers, the timeless theme of love keeps its ability to touch people.With a promise to her lover still in her mind, Scarlett chooses to stay in the midst o
32、f war and take care of Melanie. But her heart is broken when Rhett just walks away, leaving the woman that he once loved with cruel words, “Frankly, dear, I dont give a damn.” (毫不在乎)Great epic (史诗)The film shows the love-hate relationship of these characters, but also American history, the fall of t
33、he Confederacy and the following period of Reconstruction in the South. The background made this film a true classic in the epic genre.When the film opened after World War II, French viewers loved it, and it reminded them of their fight against the Nazis. In 1940 Shanghai, during the War of Resistan
34、ce Against Japanese Aggression (侵略), people stood in line for hours to watch this film, and saw the same suffering they were having as well as the hope and possibility of building a new homeland from the ruins. Each nationality could identify with the story and see it as a victory. In fact, Gone Wit
35、h the Wind never lost its charm and ability to inspire and amaze.Biggest of all timeThe film had five directors, 15-plus screenwriters, and an unexpected $3.9 million budget. The film brought in $200 million, which makes it the biggest selling film of all times in North America. It also won 10 Acade
36、my awards in 1940.8. The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _.A. the novel Gone with the WindB. “tomorrow is another day”C. the movie Gone with the WindD. the Academy Award9. The text is written mainly to _.A. celebrate the anniversary of Margaret MitchellB. introduce how the film
37、 was directed and filmedC. throw light on (阐述) the charm of the movie “Gone with the Wind”D. inspire people to struggle the economic downturn10. It can be concluded that Scarlett O Hara is _.A. optimistic and luckyB. childish and realisticC. caring and stubbornD. strong-minded and persistent (坚毅的)11
38、. The passage mentions Shanghai in order to _.A. prove that the background of the movie touched viewersB. describe how popular the movie was at that timeC. point out that Shanghai was a center of entertainmentD. tell us that Chinese were suffering the War then【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A【解析】文章向大家阐明了飘这部
39、电影的魅力所在。【8 题详解】推理题。根据上下文很清楚知道这里的 it 指代上文提及的 Tomorrow is another day 这句话。【9 题详解】推理题。通读文章可知文章是阐明这部电影的魅力所在。【10 题详解】推理题。根据文章第四段 With a promise to her lover still in her mind, Scarlett chooses to stay in the midst of war and take care of Melanie.可知她很坚强。【11 题详解】推理题。文章倒数第三段提到的几个例子正是为了证明倒数第四段最后一句 The backgr
40、ound made this film a true classic in the epic genre.DWhat Cocktail Parties Teach UsYoure at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This
41、 ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect”.Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some
42、 sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “its as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people arent very good at multitasking our brains are wired for “selec
43、tive attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic (悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for
44、 example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who arent.Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they arent focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to oth
45、er things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “Its a push-pull relationship the more we focus on one t
46、hing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is
47、the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important like police officers learn to scan c
48、rowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.12. What have scientists i
49、n University of California found about “the cocktail-party effect”?A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.13. What do we learn from the passage?A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking.B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking.C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.D. We benefit from
