1、2019 届广东省中山市第一中学高三上学期第二次统测英语试题命题人: 审题人：本试卷共 8 页， 共 120 分 考试时长：120 分钟第一部分： 阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Plan on traveling around the USA this summer? If you need help in arranging the trip, or want ideas about where
2、to go and what to do, there are a number of outstanding websites that can make your American dream come true.http:/byways. org The National Scenic Byways Program covers 150 memorable roads. Some are natural routes，such as Route 1 along the California coast. Others focus on history （such as Route 6）o
3、r man-made attractions （the Las Vegas Strip）. For each，you are provided with a map，told the routes length and how long is allowed，and given detailed suggestions on sights and stop-offs. This is the best website for reviews of hotels in US cities and resorts. The reviews are impressively thorough，co
4、vering locations， rooms，cleanliness，food and so on. Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest and real ones taken by inspectors. Search facilities are excellent. From the 243 hotels reviewed in the New York，you can narrow down what you are looking for by locations，fa
5、cilities and styles，or just pick out a selection of the best. www. 101usaholidays.co.uk This is the latest offering that features 101 holiday ideas to the USA. Its an impressively diverse selection，ranging from touring in the footsteps of Martin Luther King to a golfing break in Arizona and a cyclin
6、g and wine-tasting trip in Californias Napa Valley. Narrow down what you are looking for 一 whether by price，region，theme and who will be traveling 一 and then just the photos of the relevant holidays remain on view. Its a really clever design. Walt Disney World in California can make dreams come tru
7、e，but the price is not affordable for the majority of people. So turn to long established M，dedicated to giving big discounts on tickets，hotels and dining at Walt Disney World. The website also offers general money-saving tips，suggestions for cheap and free stuff and brief coverage of other Florida
8、and California theme parks. 1. If you are going to the USA for the man-made attractions，you can drive along _ . A. Route 1 B. Route 6 C. the Las Vegas Strip D. the California coast2. Why are the photos of the hotels in US cities and resorts real in www. oyster. com？ _ A. Because there are qualificat
9、ions of the authority. B. Because they are taken by inspectors of the website. C. Because there are comments of customers on each photo. D. Because they were taken by customers who once lived there. 3. Travel ideas for a big family with kids and the old are available at _ .A. B. http:/byways.orgC.
10、www. D. www.101usaholidays.co.ukBCigarette ends are everywhere - littering our streets and beaches - and for decades theyve been thought of as “unrecyclable“. But a New Jersey based company，called TerraCycle，has taken on the challenge，and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends
11、 and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse. Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking，but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads
12、 and messaging，between 2000 and 2014，global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent， and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single ciga
13、rette end to pollute a liter of water,“ TerraCycle founder，Tom Szaky，said. “Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food. “ So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful？TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the re
14、maining materials，such as the tobacco and the paper， with other kinds of rubbish，and use it on non-agricultural land，such as golf courses. The filters (过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these，TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces，and then combines them with other recyc
15、led materials，making them into liquid for industrial plastic products. Theyre now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently cant be recycled，such as chocolate packaging，pens，and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to fi
16、nd a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill (垃圾填埋)，and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far，its working. “We havent found anything that we cant recycle，“communications director of TerraCycle，Albe Zakes， said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litte
17、r in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to address. “4. What does TerraCycle intend to do？ _ A. Search for recyclable materials for use. B. Deal with as many cigarette ends as possible. C. Produce new kinds of industrial plastic products. D. Recycle what used to be considered unre
18、cyclable. 5. The underlined word “trash“ in Paragraph 2 probably means _ . A. rubbish B. poison C. disaster D. ruin6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ _ A. The effective use of cigarette ends. B. The process of recycling cigarette ends. C. The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends. D. The r
19、eason for breaking down cigarette ends. 7. What Albe said in the last paragraph implies that _ . A. there is more and more waste to be recycledB. it is difficult for TerraCycle to recycle everythingC. TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new wasteD. TerraCycle has successfully recycled a la
20、rge amount of waste. CPersuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you. According to the ancient Greeks，there are three basic tools of persuasion：ethos，pathos，and logos. Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy，honest and reliable. One common way a spea
21、ker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all， youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person. If
22、an audience cannot trust you，you will not be able to persuade them. Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example，a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are inte
23、nded to fill the audience with fear，thus making them support him. Similarly，an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats，to make the viewers feel pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals，they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts，statisti
24、cs，or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me“. Although ethos，pathos，and logos all have their strengths，they are often
25、most effective when used together. Indeed，most speakers use a combination of ethos，pathos，and logos to persuade their audiences. So， the next time you listen to a speech，watch a commercial，or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money，be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tool
26、s of persuasion. 8. Why does the author say persuasion is an art？ _ A. They both entertain the audience. B. They both require great skills to achieve. C. They both demand full attention from the audience. D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers. 9. How is a speaker able to show her
27、ethos to the audience？ _ A. By expressing her sympathy with the audience. B. By telling the audience about her personal preference. C. By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive. D. By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic. 10. What can we learn about the thre
28、e aspects of persuasion？ _ A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion. B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience. C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable. D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience. 11. An advertisement for washing powder
29、 which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using _ . A. ethos B. pathos C. logos D. a combination of all threeDLarger brain size linked to longer life in deer. The size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more
30、healthy later generations，according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.The study, published in the Royal Society Open Science journal, shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving later generations than those with smaller brains. Brain size is her
31、itable and is passed down through the generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer. Across species of mammals，brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific diff
32、erences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may，for example，have greater abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer lifespans. But there may also be disadvantages：for instance，larger brains require more energy，so in
33、dividuals that possess them may show reduced ability to give birth to young babies.The researchers，based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology，wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the
34、 costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity (长寿) and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains. Using the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of
35、Rum，they found that females with larger endocranial volumes(脑腔容量)lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives. Lead author Dr Corina Logan，a Gates Cambridge Scholar，says，“The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known，but other studi
36、es have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow. These predictions were generated from cross-species correlations； however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level，w
37、hich is what we did. “ Dr Logan adds，“We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer，and that none of the predictions were supported in male red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs(权衡，协调)with regard to brain s
38、ize. “The study also showed that females relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males，despite evidence of selection for larger brains in females.Professor Tim Clutton Brock，who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and started the work on brain size，points out，“The r
39、eason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long term records of a large number of individuals across multiple generations and data of this kind are still rare in wild animals. “12. What does the new research about brain size reveal？ _ A. Large-brain red deer tend
40、 to be more reproductive.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in some mammals. D. Brain size has been increasing from generation to generation. 13. For different species of mammals，brain size varies widely because_ . A. mammals can deve
41、lop different adaptive abilitiesB. a larger brain has its advantages and disadvantagesC. different mammals are born with different lifespansD. brain size is affected by genetic or non-genetic factors14. What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity？ _ A. The cause and effect
42、needs to be further investigated. B. Brain size absolutely determines animals longevity.C. Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a large size.D. The cross-species assumptions apply to red deer of both sexes. 15. What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton Brocks words？ _ A. Researchers cant
43、possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.B. Researchers are not patient enough to keep long term records. C. Such research has been thoroughly conducted on wild animals before.D. Such research will witness great difficulty in the long-term process. 第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填
44、入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Tip l： _16_ Many entrepreneurs agree that creating short-term and long-term goals is the key to success. Write down your goals for the next year or more. _17_ But by writing them down，you will already be in a better position to achieve them. Tip 2：Fin
45、d your passion quickly but cheaply. _18_ Take part in a variety of activities to discover what you love，such as a free concert，a free class or just a cheap movie； meanwhile，try not to spend too much money in the process. Tip 3：Be a master at social media. Becoming an expert at social media may be th
46、e most important thing to better your entrepreneurial dreams. Using social media，youll reach a global audience. By growing and managing your online presence，you will enlarge the influence of your brand. _19_ . Such additions to your daily life are lifestyle changes that will improve your chances of
47、success. They may seem insignificant now，but when youre success. youll appreciate the role they played. 20_ Looking back，youll be proud of your smart choices.A. Create manageable goals. B. Write down short-term goals. C. And success is likely to follow.D. Social media is essential to entrepreneurshi
48、p. E. It is important to learn what gets you excited. F. It may take some time to tick off all the points on your list. G. Youll be glad you took the time to win the game properly. 第二部分： 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 45）第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
49、People from every corner flooded into the streets that Christmas Eve. “Frosty the Snowman,“ and “Jingle Bells“ 21 in stores; on the pavements, the street singers performed happily. Everyone, was 22 by someone else, delighted and cheerful. I was alone.As one of 8 kids of a Brazilian family, brought up in Americas crowded apartment, Id spent several years searching for alonene
