1、广东省佛山市顺德市李兆基中学 2018 届高三下学期考前热身考试英语试题第 I 卷第二部分 阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供）(共两节,满分 40 分）第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A.2018-03-10 Mother Nature in Chinese photographers lensFor those who havent got the time to travel, this exhibition featuring numerous photos of t
2、he beauty of Mother Nature will be a delight for the weekend. From these photos, visitors can see the greatness and power of nature and the differences between humans and animals.Time: 9 am-5 pm, through Mar 19 (closed on Mondays)Venue: National Art Museum of China, I Wusi Avenue, Dongcheng district
3、.Ticket: FreeContact: 010 - 6400 1476The British Museum brings a hit show to BeijingThe British Museums highly-acclaimed A History of the World in 100 Objects has attracted more than one million visitors during its world tour. That number is growing fast with its China leg proving a success since it
4、 opened in Beijing last week.The exhibition developed from a broadcasting series that the London museum started in partnership with the BBC in 2010. Each 15-minute program introduced one of 100 objects from the museums collection that revealed (展现) the communication methods of various human cultures
5、 over the course of two million years.Time: 9 am- 5 pm, through May 31 (closed on Mondays)Venue: National Museum of China, 16 East Changan Avenue, Dongcheng district.Ticket: 50 yuanContact: 010-6511 6400When photographs look like paintingsThe line between painting and photography has blurred (模糊) in
6、 conceptual artist (概念艺术家) Fu Wenjuns works. For nearly 30 years, he has devoted himself to the exploration of producing photos that look like abstract paintings to inspire people to think rather than simply appreciate the accuracy of images. Fus ongoing exhibition aims to provide more insights into
7、 his art world.Time: 9 am - 5 pm, through March 19 (closed on Mondays)Venue: National Art Museum of China, 1 Wusi Street, Dongcheng district.Ticket: FreeContact: 010 - 6400 1476Museum celebrates 80-year-old lacquer masterKnown as “the father of modem Chinese lacquer art”, 80-year-old Qiao Shiguang b
8、reathes new life into the countrys long-standing tradition of lacquer painting (_画)He applies eggshell chips (蛋壳碎片) to demonstrate the peaceful beauty of Southern China. The lacquer paints under his brushes presents the depth of Eastern aesthetics.Time: 9 am-5 pm, through Mar 19Venue: National Cente
9、r for the Performing Arts, 2 West Changan Avenue, Xicheng district.Ticket: FreeContact: 010 - 6655 00001. According to the text, we can learn that Fu Wenjun is a(n) .A. photographer B. lacquer painterC. broadcaster D. conceptual artist2. Assuming you are interested in traditional Chinese paintings,
10、when can you go and enjoy one according to the text?A. 10 am, Mar 31 B. 3 pm Mar 19C. 9 pm May 31 D. 10 am May 193. You can enjoy the following art works free of charge except .A. Fu Wenjuns works B. Qiao Shiguangs worksC. photos of the beauty of Mother Nature D. A History of the World in 100 Object
11、s【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D【解析】 本文为应用说明文。本文叙述了 2018 年 3 月 10 日的中国日报向人们介绍的四个展览。1. 细节理解题。根据 When photographs look like paintings 中的 The line between painting and photography has blurred (模糊) in conceptual artist (概念艺术家) Fu Wenjuns works. 概念艺术家傅文俊作品中绘画和摄影之间的界限已经模糊了。由此可知，傅文俊是一位概念艺术家。故选 D 项。3. 细节理解题。根据每一部分中的“tic
12、ket”中的信息可看出，除了 The British Museum brings a hit show to Beijing 中的 Each 15-minute program introduced one of 100 objects from the museums collection 从中可知，除了 15 分钟的节目每次介绍博物馆收藏的 100 件物品中的一件的历史， 即介绍了 A History of the World in 100 Objects 的节目需要门票 50 元之外，其它的都是免费的。由此可知，D 项符合题意。B.World records can be set eve
13、n if you are over 100 years old.Robert Marchand was born in 1911 in northern France. He enjoys riding a bicycle, and started cycling seriously when he was in his 60s. Marchand is now 105 years old.On Wednesday, a crowd gathered at the Velodrome National, about 30 kilometers outside of Paris. They we
14、re there to see how far he could travel in one hour.The record for one hour is held by Britains Bradley Wiggins, a former Tour de France winner. Wiggins covered 54.5 kilometers in 2015. Evelyn Stevens of the United States holds the womens record. She went almost 48 kilometers in an hour last year.In
15、 2012, Marchand set a record for riders over 100 years old when he traveled almost 27 kilometers in an hour. So the question many people asked this week was: “Could he break his own record?” Marchand set off on his record attempt as sports lovers cheered and photographers watched. He moved slowly bu
16、t steadily around the cycling track.Marchand is relatively small. He is only 1.52 meters tall and weighs 52 kilograms. When the hour ended, he completed 92 times around the track. That is just over 22.5 kilometers.After the event, Marchand said he could have done better. He did not see his trainers
17、telling him he only had 10 minutes remaining. “I would have gone faster. I would have posted a better time,” he said.But the news was still good, as he did set a new record for riders 105-years-old or older. “Im now waiting for a rival (对手),” he said.4. The main purpose of the first paragraph is to
18、tell readers .A. an unbelievable factB. bring in the topic of the textC. any per son can set a world recordD. setting a world record is not so difficult as people think5. Which word can best describe the feeling of Marchand just after the event?A. Tired B. ProudC. Regretful D. Depressed6. Which of t
19、he following statements is NOT true?A. Bradley Wiggins set the cycling record in 2015B. Robert Marchand is the record holder of cycling over 100 years oldC. The womens record of cycling record was set by Evelyn Stevens in 2016D. Though Marchand didnt perform as well as before, he still set a record
20、of cycling this year.7. Which of the following well-known sayings best expresses the message of the text?A. Experience is the best teacher.B. You cant teach an old dog new tricks.C. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.D. Old people may still cherish high aspirations.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D【解
21、析】 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了 Robert Marchand 虽然年龄已经105 岁了，但还是不服老，不断创造了一个又一个的老年骑自行车纪录4. 推理判断题。根据的第一句话 World records can be set even if you are over 100years old，即使你已经 100 岁了，也可以创世界纪录。接着引出用 1911 出生的 Robert Marchand 为例。显而易见是为了引出本文要讨论的话题，故正确答案为 B5. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的信息 After the event，Marchand said he coul
22、d have done betterHe did not see his trainers telling him he only had 10 minutes remaining“I would have gone fasterI would have posted a better time，“he said可知，在骑行结束后，Marchand说他本来可以做得更好。他当时没有看见到教练们在告诉他还剩余 10 分钟。由此可知，当时他的心情应该是有些遗憾故正确答案为 C6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的信息 Robert Marchand was born in 1911Marchand is
23、now 105 years old可知，该文的写作时间是在 2016 年再根据第四段中的信息：Evelyn Stevens of the United States holds the womens recordShe went almost 48 kilometers in an hour last year可知，女子骑自行车纪录是由美国的 Evelyn Stevens 去年（2015）年创造的，而不是 2016 年。故C 项说法与原文内容不符，故 C 项是犯错误的，选 C 项。7. 推理判断题纵观全文内容可知，Robert Marchand 虽然年龄已经 105 岁了，但还是不服年老，不断
24、创造了一个又一个的老年骑自行车纪录由此说明有志之士，年纪虽老而仍有雄心壮志，分析选项可知，A项意为“经验是最好的老师 （有经历必受益）“；C 项意为“朽木不可雕“；C 项意为“双鸟在林不如一鸟在手“；故正确答案为 D 项。CHonesty is the best policy. We may agree that admitting mistakes and behaving in a genuine way is the right way to lead our lives, but is there something in our human nature that makes us
25、immoral? For example, in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty box-a box where you pay for something by putting money in it-but it relies on you putting the right amount of cash in. This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a temptation to get away wit
26、h not paying the full amount.Philip Graves, a psychologist, suggests that this temptation is part of our evolution. He says: “We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest. Its part of our evolutionary psychological make-up-because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a
27、greater chance of surviving.”So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? Its because it is selfish behavior. If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place. As Philip Graves says: “There is a balance to
28、 strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracized (排斥) by the group.” So, for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.Being trustworthy with money is of course vital for an economy to survi
29、ve. But being honest with words is another matter, saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water. However, a new anonymous messaging app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile (简介) to send you a message without knowing who its from. The app now has 300 million use
30、rs which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to be-but in all honesty, do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty always the best policy?8. What does an honesty box require people to do?A. Get the change out of it freely. B. Put the correct amount of money in it.C. Donate th
31、e pocket money to others. D. Pay a larger amount of money.9. According to Philip Graves, being dishonest .A. is a disadvantage B. should be advocatedC. is part of our evolution D. helps people survive, better10. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. The reason for being honest B. The benefit of
32、 being dishonestC. The outcome of selfishness D. The importance of group work11. What can we infer from the text?A. Honesty is always the best policy.B. The author is in favor of dishonesty.C. The market of the new app is promising.D. Being honest with words is sometimes improper.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D
33、 11. D【解析】本文是一篇科教类阅读。在生活、工作中，诚实一定是上策吗？本文讨论“诚实守信”是人的本能还是社交生活的必然产物。8. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you putting the right amount of cash in可知，诚实盒子要求人们在盒子里放入正确数目的钱。故选 B。10. 主旨大意题
34、。根据文章第三段内容尤其首句 So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest?可知，此段主要向我们叙述要诚实的原因。故选 A。11. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water内容可知，诚实的话有时候是不恰当的。故选 D。DResearchers say public mistru
35、st of vaccines (疫苗) is causing diseases like measles (麻疹) and yellow fever to spread. The scientists said the lower levels of trust can lead to people refusing vaccines. This, in turn, can cause diseases to spread quickly, they warned- Bui the researchers said they also found a high level of support
36、 worldwide for vaccinating children against disease.The researchers questioned 66,000 people in 67 countries to discover their ideas on whether vaccines are important, sale and effective. The survey showed people in Southeast Asia had the highest level of trust in vaccines. Africa showed the second
37、highest level of confidence. Europeans showed the lowest level of confidence in vaccines. In France, 41 Percent of the population questioned the safety of vaccines.Heidi Larson is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She says recent media reports of problems involving vaccines ha
38、ve hurt public confidence in France. Larson noted that many Europeans worried about reports of possible links between hepatitis B vaccines (乙型肝炎疫苗) and the disease multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化症). But she said scientists found no linkage between the two. Mistrust in France was also driven by public reac
39、tion to the H1N1 influenza (甲型 H1N1 流感) outbreak fears in 2009. The French government spent $1.4 billion on 94 million doses of the vaccine. The majority were sold or destroyed.The findings come as a major yellow fever vaccination program has been launched in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ang
40、ola. The disease has already killed hundreds of people in the area. The World Health Organization aims to vaccinate over 15 million people in both countries. “If everyone agrees to be vaccinated, we can remove yellow fever from our country,” said Mosala Mircille, one of the doctors directing the pro
41、gram.12. The author develops the Paragraph 1 mainly .A. by telling experiences B. by giving instructionsC. by offering descriptions D. by analyzing cause and effect13. The underlined words “The disease” in the last paragraph probably refer to .A. measles B. yellow feverC. H1N1 influenza D. multiple
42、sclerosis14. Mistrust of vaccines in France was driven by the following reasons except .A. media reports of problems linked to vaccinesB. public reaction to the H1N1 influenza outbreak fears in 2009C. connections between hepatitis B vaccines and the disease multiple sclerosisD. most of the doses of
43、the vaccine were sold or disposed of by the French government15. Mosala Mireilles attitude towards the yellow fever vaccination program is .A. Expectant B. SkepticalC. Critical D. Cautious【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员表示，公众对疫苗的不信任开始导致麻疹和黄热病之类的疾病传播。科学家表示，信任度不高会导致人们拒绝疫苗，这反过来会导致疾病迅速蔓
44、延。但是研究人员表示，他们也发现全球儿童接种疫苗预防疾病的支持度很高。12. 篇章结构题。文章第一段阐述了研究的结果：公众对疫苗的不信任开始导致麻疹和黄热病之类的疾病传播，解释了解释其原因是：信任度不高会导致人们拒绝疫苗，这反过来会导致疾病迅速蔓延。因此推断作者主要通过分析因果关系来阐述的。故选 D。13. 词句猜测题。画线句上文 The findings come as a major yellow fever vaccination program has been launched in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola.可知，这一调
45、查结果公布正值刚果民主共和国以及安哥拉推出一项重要的黄热病疫苗接种计划，因此推断下文的 The disease 指的是黄热病。故选 B。14. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的二三两句 She says recent media reports of problems involving vaccines have hurt public confidence in France. Larson noted that many Europeans worried about reports of possible links between hepatitis B vaccines (乙型肝炎疫苗
46、) and the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症).和最后三句 Mistrust in France was also driven by public reaction to the H1N1 influenza(甲型 H1N1 流感) outbreak fears in 2009. The French government spent $1.4 billion on 94 million doses of the vaccine. The majority were sold or destroyed.可知，法国国内的对疫苗的不信任情绪受到涉及疫苗问
47、题的媒体报道和 2009 年公众对 H1N1 流感爆发恐慌的反应的推动，法国政府在 9400 万剂疫苗上花费了 14 亿美元，其中大多数被售出或销毁。故选 C。15. 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“If everyone agrees to be vaccinated, we can remove yellow fever from our country,” said Mosala Mireille, one of the doctors directing the program.可知，Mosala Mireille 认为如果人人同意接种，就可以消除黄热病。因此推断她对于黄热病疫苗计划
48、充满期待。故选 A。【名师点睛】篇章结构题考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；对后文内容的预测能力；对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。常见的解题策略有：（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总分；总分总；分总） 、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立） 、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反） 。 （2）了解文章的论证方法。常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea Evidence c
49、onclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 （3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。例如小题 1【解题剖析】此题属于篇章结构题中的（3）了解文章的修辞手法。文章第一段阐述了研究的结果：公众对疫苗的不信任开始导致麻疹和黄热病之类的疾病传播，解释其原因是：信任度不高会导致人们拒绝疫苗，这反过来会导致疾病迅速蔓延。因此推断作者主要通过分析因果关系来阐述的。【推理关系】题干 1. The author develops the Paragraph 1 mainly _.本文的第一段是通过陈述结果，继而解释原因的方式来阐述的。【答案】D 选项 By analyzing cause and effect.第-节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Mobile phones are one of the mos
