1、Module 1 British and American English,Reading,A1. There are eight main varieties, such as Mandarin, Cantonese, Minnan language, Gan language and so on. We divide the varieties into two kinds. One is Mandarin, and the other is dialect. The following map will help you get more information about the se
2、ven varieties of Chinese dialects.,1.北方话（简称：北语）：北京话为标准语（影响力强） 2.广东话（简称：粤语）：广州话为标准语（影响力强） 3.江浙话（简称：吴语）：苏州话为标准语，今多以上海话为其代表。 4.福建话（简称：闽语）：厦门话为标准语，但影响力不强在国内一般，但在国外，特别是东南亚还是影响力挺大的 5.湖南话（简称：湘语）：长沙话为标准语，影响力不强 6.江西话（简称：赣语）：南昌话为标准语 7.客家话（简称：客语）：梅县话为标准语，影响力比较强在广东省的梅州、河源客语区。其他地方或省份的客语区其影响力不强。,A2. They are diff
3、erent in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary. A3. Yes, they do. People from different regions have different dialects. But if they speak Mandarin, they have no problem understanding each other A4. In my opinion, with the development of China, more and more foreigners will learn Chinese, and Chin
4、ese will be widely used over the world. Of course, our Chinese will still study other countries language, especially English.,Lets read a dialogue between Obama and Cameron.,Do you want to come to my flat?,Where is your apartment?,Shall we go to the pub to celebrate your birthday?,Wow, the bar is a
5、nice place.,Wow, I want a tin of Coko and some sweets. What about you?,Well, I want a can of milk tea and some candy.,Great. I like football match too.,Hey, lets go and see a soccer game. It is very exciting.,Oh no, the lift must be full of people at this time.,Time to go home. Lets go to the elevat
6、or together.,There are five sentences. Discuss the statements and share your opinion with others.,People from Hong Kong can understand people from Beijing. 2. People from Shanghai sound the same as people from Xian. 3. Chinese characters can be understood by all speakers of Chinese. 4. American Engl
7、ish is very different from British English. 5. People from Britain cant understand people from America.,Read the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.,Vocabulary Grammar Spelling Pronunciation,Read again paragraph by
8、paragraph and make notes of the differences.,The first two paragraphs: the differences in vocabulary,automobiles,motorway,petrol,subway,cab,flashlight,queue up,French fries,The third paragraph: the differences in grammar,Do you have?,My friend has just arrived,on the team/ weekend,Write to me soon!,
9、The 4th paragraph: the differences in spelling,centre, colour programme,center, color program,Read the passage and complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases.,1. There are _ differences between American and British varieties of English.A. no B. a few C. lots of 2. Americans _ understan
10、d what the British are saying.A. sometimes B. usually C. never,B,B,3. There are _ differences between British and American grammar.A. no B. many C. not many 4. American spelling is _ British spelling.A. the same as B. simpler than C. harder than,C,B,5. For a Londoner, an American accent may be easie
11、r to understand than _.A. a Chinese accent B. some British accentsC. a CNN news reader,B,6. Television and the Internet have made it _ for the British and Americans to understand each other.A. harder B. easier C. impossible,B,Discuss the following questions.,How many main varieties of Chinese are th
12、ere? 2. In what ways are they different? 3. Do Chinese people from different regions have problems understanding each other? 4. What will happen to Chinese in the future?,Language points,obvious adj. 明显的，显然的 It is obvious that she is very clever. The reformation of criminals has produced an obvious
13、result.,词义辨析： obvious, evident, clear, plain, distinct, definite 这些形容词均含“清楚的，明白的，明显的”之意。 obvious: 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。 evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。,clear: 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。 plain: 普通用词，含义与clear很接近，可通用，但plain着重简单明了，不复杂。 distinct: 较正式用词，指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确，不会弄错。 definite: 语气肯定，着重明白无误，无可怀疑。,confusing adj. 使人困惑的，令人费
14、解的 The instructions on the box are very confusing. This information will be less confusing if its produced in a form.,confused adj. 困惑的,omit vt. 省略，删去，遗漏 He omitted to state his reasons. He omitted reading the second page. The typist omitted the last line of the letter.,variation n. 变化，变动 Prices hav
15、e not shown much variation this year. The dial records showed a very slight variation in pressure.vary v. 变化,steadily adv. 稳定地，坚定地，不断地 The production of their factory goes steadily upward. Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.,announcement n. 通知，发表，宣布 Ive got an important announcement t
16、o make. When her husband died, she put an announcement in the newspaper. We were eager to hear the announcement of the winner of the race. announce v. 通知，宣布,simplify vt. 简化 That will simplify my task. She simplified the instructions so that the children could understand them.,后缀-ify表示“使成为的; 使化”, 如:
17、beautify 美化 terrify 使惊吓 electrify 电气化 magnify 放大,distinctive distinctive adj. 独特的 Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform. This is a distinctive room. Can you find the distinctive watermarks of this stamp？,American drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas fill up with 充以，被 . 填满 The hall bega
18、n to fill up with people little by little. The dentist said it was time to fill up the hole with some material which would last long., the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi or cab. get around 四处走动 It is difficult for him to get around without a stick.,The ac
19、cent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. be similar to 与相似 Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden.,be similar in 在方面相似 My twin brother and I are similar in characters.,A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from
20、Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 I really have difficulty (in) finding your house.,But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, lead to 引起，导致 Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.,lead to 通往 This road leads to the hotel.,
