1、Unit 1 FriendshipLearning about Language,1. Let the students learn and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 2. Know how to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and indirect speech into direct speech.,Learning aims,Observe the following sentences, try to find out the differences
2、 between them. 1.She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 2. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually got up at six every day.,直接引语 间接引语,Leading-in,Grammar,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech（
3、）,Direct Speech：“Can you help me, Tom?” she said.Indirect Speech：She asked Tom if he could help her.,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是直接引 用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语 _ ; 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接 引语 _。,Definition,(indirect speech),(direct speech),由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化:,1. 人称变化 2. 时态变化 3. 状语变化(时间状语和地点状语) 4. 句型变化(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句),
4、?,Observe the following sentences and discuss the changes with your partner. 1.She said to me, “Im very upset these days because of my studies.” She told me that she was very upset because of her studies.,直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语是由连词that引导的 宾语从句，that常省略。主句中的say to sb.常根据需要 改为tell sb.,2. “Do you have enough ti
5、me to walk your dog?” My friend asked me. My friend asked me if I had enough time to walk my dog.,直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语是由whether/if引导的宾语从句,主句中的谓语动词多用ask, 如果问句表示“建议”，可用动词suggest 或advise.,3. “What did you suffer on the journey?” He asked. He asked what I suffered on the journey.,直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语是由原连接代（副）词引
6、导的宾语从句。,4.He told his son, “ The earth goes around the sun.” He told his son that the earth goes around the sun.,直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理时，间接引语 时态不变。,人称的变化:,they,I,him/her,he/she,them,that,those,Attention,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，人称要作相应的变化。 具体的规则是： 1. 把直接引语中的第一人称（如I ,me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours) 改为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
7、 2. 把直接引语中的第二人称（如you, your, yours) 改为和主句的主语的间接宾语相一致的人称。 3. 直接引语中的第三人称（如he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs) 改为间接引语时，人称不变。,归纳总结,1. He said , “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. 【名师点津】 I 变成he, it 不变 2. He said, “you told me this thing.” He said that I had
8、told him that thing. 【名师点津】you变成I, me变成him, this变成that,直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化:,一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时 过去完成时,Form 1,引述动词为一般过去时 “I know it, ”he said.,引语中动词时态相应变化 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im reading a novel,” she said.,过去进行时 S
9、he said _ a novel.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” he said.,过去完成时 He said_ her before.,she was reading,he had seen,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing my homework.”,过去完成进行时 He said _ his homework.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said _ her the previous Monday.,he had been doing,he h
10、ad seen,1. “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,c. She said she had been waiting for Jim.,2. “Do you know Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died? ” Rick asked.,a. Rick asked if I knew Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,3. He said,“We shall go shopping tomorrow.”,b. He sa
11、id they would go shopping the next day.,【即学即练】直接引语变间接引语,引语中动词时态不变 She often says that where there is a will, there is a way.,引述动词为一般现在时或现在完成时 She often says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”,Form 2,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变: 1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temp
12、erature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. 2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said tha
13、t World War ended in 1945. 4.当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时 He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.” He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,5. 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时He said, “Practice makes perfect. ” He said that practice makes perfect. 6. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等 She said to me, “You must h
14、urry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,Class exercises,So easy!,I.单句改错 1. Do you want to know why we move last week? 2.The teacher said that the earth went round the sun. 3. The student told his teacher that he passes the examthat week。,_,moved,_,goes,_,passed,4. Mr Black said that he had walked a
15、 long way this week. 5. They asked us if we are afraid to leave that house.,_,that,_,were,II.单句语法填空 1. The teacher asked her if the sun _ (rise) in the east. 2. Dean asked me whether I_ (can) help him carry that heavy box. 3. They asked me how I _(pass) the exam two days before.,rises,could,had pass
16、ed,4. My father said a friend in need _(be) a friend indeed. 5. He told me that he _ (join) the army in 2012. 6. The teacher told us that China _(be) the third largest country in the world .,is,joined,is,. 句型转换 1. He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work.” He said that he _ he couldnt finish _ wo
17、rk. 2. He said, “I havent heard from him since May.” He said that he _ from him since May. 3. Tom said, “I will see you next week.”Tom said that he _see me _next week.,was afraid,that,hadnt heard,would,the,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me _late again. 5. “I
18、dont like swimming,” said Sarah.Sarah said she _like swimming. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.His friends asked him, “_you go to Dalian?” 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.My classmate asked me _been to Paris.,why I was,didnt,Will,if I had,Homework,Change the sent
19、ences from direct speech into indirect speech and from indirect speech into direct speech. 1. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne. 2. “Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,” Anne said to her father. 3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcas
20、e very quickly,” the girl said. 4. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” her father asked her.,5. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 6. Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat. 7.Anne asked her father when they would go back home. 8.
21、Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy.,Sample dialogue GM: Whats the weather like in Beijing tomorrow? I cant hear the man clearly on like TV. GC: Thats all right. I can help. The man said that it was going to rain tomorrow morning but that the weather would become warmer later in the day. GM:What did he say about Shanghai? GC: He said that it would be cloudy in Shanghai and the highest temperature there would be 28 degree centigrade.,Great hopes make great man. 伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。,
