1、Unit 1 Friendship Learning about Language,直接引语和间接引语()陈述句和疑问句 【新知导引】,观察上面对话, 并类比填空: She said, “I am very happy to help you . ” She said that _ _ very happy to help you.,she,was,【要义详析】,*“ I feel that happiness is achieved through hard work. ” President Xi said. (引号内的为直接引语) President Xi said that he fe
2、lt that happiness was achieved through hard work. (that引导的宾语从句为间接引语),*(2017天津高考)She asked me, “Have you returned the books to the library? ” She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library. (whether引导的宾语从句为间接引语),要点一、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则 人称变化的三原则 (1)“第一人称随主”原则: 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰, 从句中的人称要
3、按照主句中主语的人称变化。,(2)“第二人称随宾”原则: 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰, 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语, 也可以用第一人称。,(3)“第三人称不更新”原则: 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰, 从句中的人称一般不需要变化。,【即学活用】 将下列句子改为间接引语 He said, “I am living with my brother. ” _ He said, “You are sure to get a warm welcome there. ” _ _,He said that he was livi
4、ng with his brother.,He said that we were sure to get a warm welcome,there.,The teacher asked the girl, “Do you like English? ” _ “Is this your umbrella, Mary? ” asked John. _,The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.,John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,要点二、时态的变化(以主句为过去时为例) 1. 一般情况,*Mot
5、her said, “Jack is a good boy. ” Mother said that Jack was a good boy. *She said, “I am reading a book. ” She said that she was reading a book.,*“I havent heard from my parents these days, ” said Mary. Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days. *They said, “We caught the thief in th
6、e street. ” They said that they had caught the thief in the street.,*She said, “I will go to see my friend. ” She said she would go to see her friend. *She said, “I had called him before I came here. ” She said that she had called him before she went there.,2. 特殊情况 *“The earth moves around the sun,
7、” the teacher told us. The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. *Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 21, 1980. ” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.,【心得共享】 直接引语变间接引语, 时态无变化的情况: (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言; (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。,【即学活用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 John said that he _ (like) reading
8、 storybooks. My teacher told me that I _(pass) the exam. Mr Wang told the children that he _ (leave) for Shanghai on business the next month.,likes,had passed,would leave,John said to his parents that he _ (learn)500 Chinese words by the end of last term. 世纪金榜导学号00154006,had learned,要点三、指示代词、时间状语、地点
9、状语及方向性动词的变化,*The lawyer said, “I will come this morning. ” The lawyer said that she would go that morning. *Bob said, “My sister was here three days ago. ” Bob said that his sister had been there three days before/earlier.,*David said, “I havent seen her today. ” David said that he hadnt seen her th
10、at day. *She said, “I went there yesterday. ” She said that she had gone there the day before. *She said, “I will go there tomorrow. ” She said that she would go there the next/following day.,【知识延伸】 上面的变化要根据说话的实际情况来定, 不能机械照搬。假如就在当地转述, here就不必改为there。如果就在当天转述, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。,*He said,
11、 “My brother is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. ” He told me that his brother was leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. (说话和引述都在同一天) *“I live here. ”he said. He said he lived here. (引述时地点未变),【即学活用】 将下列句子改为间接引语 He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work. ” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish _ wo
12、rk.,that,Tom said, “I will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. ” Tom said that he would visit the Great Wall _ _. Miss Zhao said, “These problems are easy. ” Miss Zhao said that _ problems were easy.,the,following/next day,those,Bob said, “His wife returned from London 40 years ago. ” Bob said that his w
13、ife had returned from London 40 years _. He said to me, “I wrote to my friend yesterday. ” He told me that he had written to his friend _ _.,before,the day,before,要点四、句子结构的变化 (1)直接引语是陈述句, 变为间接引语时, 常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。,(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时, 间接引语中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if
14、引导。,(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时, 间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导, 其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。,【心得共享】(1)直接引语为陈述句, 变为间接引语时, 主句谓语动词said to sb. 常改为told sb. ; (2)直接引语为疑问句, 主句中谓语动词是said, 变为间接引语时将其改为asked; (3)直接引语为疑问句, 变为间接引语时, 要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。,【巧学助记】三诀巧记“直”变“间” (1)当直接引语为陈述句时, 变成间接引语的口诀: 去掉引号加that, 人称变化要灵活, 时态向后退一步, 状语变化按规则。,(2)当直接引语为
15、一般疑问句时, 变成间接引语的口诀: 去掉引号加if/whether, 陈述语序要记住, 时态人称和状语, 小心变化别马虎。 (3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时, 变成间接引语的口诀: 直接去引号, 陈述莫忘掉, 小心助动词, 丢它最重要。,【即学活用】 将下列句子改为间接引语 “Youve already got well, havent you? ” she asked. She asked _. 世纪金榜 导学号00154007 He asked, “ Are you a Party member or a League member? ” He asked me _ _.,whether
16、I had already got well,if I was a Party member or a League,member,He asked, “How are you getting along? ” He asked _. “Are you sorry for what you have done? ” the mother asked the naughty boy. The mother asked the naughty boy _ _.,how I was getting along,whether he was,sorry for what he had done,【课时
17、自测】 . 把下列句子变为间接引语 1. “I am having supper, ” he said. He said that _ _ having supper. 2. “Ive seen the film, ” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that _ _ _ the film.,he,was,told,she,had,seen,3. “I went home with my sister, ” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun i
18、s bigger than the moon. ” The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.,she,had,gone,is,5. “I bought the house 10 years ago. ”he said. He said that he _ _ the house 10 years _. 6. “You must come here before five, ” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.,had,bought,before,had,there,7.
19、 “Were you born in 1979? ” he said. He _ me _ I _ born in 1979. 世纪 金榜导学号00154008 8. He said, “You can sit here, Jim. ” He _ Jim that _ _ _ _.,asked,if/whether,was,told,he,could,sit,there,9. “Do you know where she lives? ”he asked. He asked _ _ _ where she _. 10. “Where have you been these days? ” he
20、 asked. He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.,whether,I,know,lived,where,I,had,those,. 把下列句子变为直接引语 1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it. I told him, “_ _”,I have lost my money and I will find,it.,2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not. She asked me, “_” 3. His f
21、ather told him that he should be more careful the next time. “_” his father said to him.,Will you be free tomorrow?,You should be more careful next time.,4. My teacher asked whether he was coming. My teacher asked him, “_” 5. The teacher said that his son had had the same experience as the little bo
22、y. The teacher said, “_ _”,Are you coming?,My son had the same experience,as the little boy.,6. John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before. John said, “_ _”,I have written back telling him about it,yesterday.,7. He told Mary that she was wasting her time day- dreaming. He
23、 said to Mary, “_ _”,You are wasting your time,day-dreaming.,8. He said that the film had begun when he got to the cinema. He said, “_ _”,The film had begun when I got to the,cinema.,9. I asked the teacher when we should have our sports meeting. I asked the teacher, “_ _? ” 世纪金榜导学号00154009,When shall we have our sports,meeting,10. She said that she would do it that night. She said, “_. ”,Ill do it tonight,点击进入 放松一刻,【操作说明】 按任意键进入 上下选择键 键键 确认键 enter键,
