1、,Period Two Word Power & Grammar and Usage,高中英语选修9译林版,.Words： 1oral adj.口头的；口腔的， n口试orally adv.口头地 2merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的merrily adv.愉快地 3teamwork n团队合作team n团队,4discover vt.发现discovery n发现 5practice v&n.实践，练习practical adj.实践的，实用的 6survive vt.&vi.幸存survival n存活 7inform vt.通知information n信息 8explain vt.解
2、释explanation n解释,.Phrases： 1be known for 因而闻名 2be different from和不同 3do some research做调查 4take pictures拍照,Grammar 语法精析：定语从句 一、关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当成分。当先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；当先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词(where，when，why)。,(1)that、which代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语
3、等；which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替主句的内容，that则不能。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。,(2)who，whom，that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语或宾语。 Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having
4、 heart disease than those who dont.(who在从句中作主语) 每天喝两杯多咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的机会比不喝咖啡的妇女高。 He is the man whom/that I am waiting for. 他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语),(3)关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 注意：先行词是时间或地点名词时，如果在从句中不
5、作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day，作spent的宾语)。,二、whose和of whom，of which引导的定语从句whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于一个物主代词，其后的名词不带冠词。of which含义与whose相似，名词前有冠词，词序一般是：the 名词of which或of whichthe名词
6、。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是：the名词of whom。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。,The classroom，whose door is broken，will soon be repaired. The classroom，the door of which is broken，will soon be rep
7、aired. The classroom，of which the door is broken，will soon be repaired. 门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。 Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 很多孩子在这个村里都得到了很好的照顾，他们的父母远在城市里打工。,三、“介词which/whom”中介词的选择 1与定语从句中的动词构成搭配The man(who/whom/that) I talked about at th
8、e meeting is from Beijing University.The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在会议中我与之谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。,In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 注意 有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。 This is the person(who/whom/that)you are lo
9、oking for. 这就是你找的那个人。,2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空。He came to a farm，on which he finally settled.他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居下来了。,四、as与which在引导定语从句时的区别as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。He married her，as(which)was natural.很自然地，他和她结婚了。下列情况下一般只能用
10、as。(1)as引导定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我们所知，地球表面的70%以上由水覆盖。,(2)as可表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。 此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。 He came back home late，as we expected. 正如我们所料，他回家晚了。 As is pointed out，this is a grammar
11、 problem. 正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。,People generally agree that American English differs from British English a bit，as is said above. 正如上面所说，大部分人都同意美式英语与英式英语有点不同。 (3)当先行词被the same，such修饰时，限制性定语从句需用as引导。 I bought the same book as you have. 我买了一本跟你的一样的书。,This is such an easy question as every one can work out.
12、This is such an easy question that every one can work it out.这是这么一个简单的问题，每个人都能解决。 Hell marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结婚。 注意 (1)当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。 the same.as(指同样或同类的)，the same.that(指同一个),This is the same watch as I lost. 这块表与我丢的那块一样。 This is the same watch
13、that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块表。 (2)当先行词被such修饰时，只能用as引导定语从句。 如果用that就是状语从句，that是连词，无意义，后面的状语从句中不能缺少成分。 He used such machine as was bought last week. 他用了上周买的那台机器。 He is such a friendly man that we all like him. 他是一个很友好的人我们都喜欢他。,五、定语从句的几个难点 1“介词where”引导的定语从句有时我们可以见到“介词where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区
14、别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window),China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。,2分隔式定语从
15、句定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.我不能理解他眼中表达的东西。The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.中国人民被轻视的日子一去不复返了。,3抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句当先行词为stage，situation，point，case等词且关系词在从句中作状语，这时用where引导定语从句。They have reached the point wh
16、ere they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。,I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay. 我能想出许多这样的场合，很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。,即时跟踪 .用“介词关系代词”填空 1The person I spoke just now is the manager that I told you abo
17、ut. 2The pencil he was writing broke. 3Wu Dong， I went to the concert，enjoyed it very much.,to whom,with which,with whom,4The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 5Her bag， she put all her books，has not been found. 6The stories about the Long March， this i
18、s one example，are well written.,about which,into which,of which,.单项填空 1Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.(2013四川，9)Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere答案 D 句意：现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。先行词是environment，将先行词代入定语从句后为：They live in the environment.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。,2The book t
19、ells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013福建，27)Awhose Bthat Cwho Dwhich答案 A 句意：这本书从那些遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。将先行词those代入定语从句后为：The lives of those were affected.由此可知关系词在从句中作定语。故答案为A项。,3After the flooding，people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean wa
20、ter，medicine and shelter to survive.Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhat答案 B 句意：洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦。为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所。将先行词people代入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；D项不能引导定语从句，故排除；因为先行词为“人”，所以排除A项。故答案为B项。,4We live in an age more information is available
21、with greater ease than ever before.Awhy BwhenCto whom Don which答案 B 句意：我们生活在一个更多的信息比以前任何时候都更容易获得的时代。先行词是age，因为关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。,5Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which答案 D 句意：心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中即使最细微的生活细节都应该被考虑
22、在内。考查“介词which”引导的定语从句。先行词为gradual process，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Even the small details of life should be considered in the gradual process.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，故答案为D项。,6In our class there are 46 students， half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin themCof whom Dof them答案 C 句意：我们班有46名学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。本题考查定语从句。前后两部分之间没有连词，故空格
23、处引导定语从句。先行词为46 students，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Half of the 46 students wear glasses.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，且表示“人”，故用whom引导。故答案选C。,7It is the third time that she has won the race， has surprised us all.Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat答案 C 句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这令我们所有人都感到惊讶。本题考查非限制性定语从句。逗号前面的整个句子为先行词，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，故选择C项。,8The pre
24、sident of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013江苏，32)Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen答案 B 句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。本题考查定语从句。先行词是a passion for China，在定语从句中作start的宾语，要用关系代词，所以选B项。A和D项是关系副词，在定语从句中作状语；C项不引导定语从句，均可被排除。,9“You cant judge a
25、 book by its cover，” (2013课标，33)Aas the saying goes oldBgoes as the old sayingCas the old saying goesDgoes as old the saying答案 C 句意：正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。本题考查定语从句，先行词为前面一句话。先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故选C项。go在此处意为“说”，相当于say，用作及物动词。,10When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013课标，4)Awhat B
26、when Cwhere Dwhich答案 C 句意：当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词the house表示地点，还原到从句中为：I would be staying in the house.故应使用关系副词where引导定语从句。,11The children， had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013浙江，5)Aall of what Ball of whichCall of them Dall of whom答案 D 句意：孩子们玩了一整天，都已经精疲力竭了。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词为
27、the children，将先行词代入定语从句后为：All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，且先行词表示“人”，故只能用all of whom。,12The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013浙江，13)Awhat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhy答案 B 句意：博物馆将
28、在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室(玻璃屋子)。本题考查定语从句。先行词为platform，代入定语从句后为：Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platform.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。,13We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in todays newspaper.(2013天津，6)Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhat答案 B 句意：我们又发射
29、了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。首先排除A项，因that不能引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为前面一句话，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“事物”，故用which引导。who只用于指人；what不能引导定语从句。,14He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dhow答案 C 句意：他写了一封信，信中他解释了事故中发生了什么。本题考查定语从句。从空格处到句尾是定语从句，修饰先行词letter。将先行词代入从句为
30、：He explained what had happened in the accident in the letter.由此可知从句中缺少状语，应该用关系副词where，相当于in which。,15There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2013山东，31)Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhere答案 A 句意：科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号，故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，排除C、D两项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,16Finall
31、y he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.(2013山东，35)Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dwhom答案 C 句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。本题考查定语从句。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”。故答案为C项。,17Mo Yan was awarded the Nob
32、el Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽，29)Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich答案 D 句意：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。本题考查非限制性定语从句。A、B和C项都不引导非限制性定语从句。关系词指代前面整个主句(即Mo Yan was awarded.in 2012)，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故选D项。,18John invited about 40 people to his
33、wedding，most of are family members.(2013重庆，24)Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom答案 D 句意：约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。本题考查定语从句。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前，且先行词指人时，从句中关系代词只能使用whom。,19Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南，21)Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich答案 B 句意：幸福和成功经常青
34、睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。本题考查定语从句。先行词为those，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“人”，故选B项。,20Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013北京，27)Awhen Bwhich Cwhose Dwhere答案 D 句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。本题考查定语从句。先行词为national parks，代入从句中为：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.应该使用表示地点的关系副词，故选D项。,再见,
