1、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气的构成往往由“(should)动词原形”构成。 1宾语从句的虚拟语气 巧记宾语从句中常用虚拟语气的动词 一坚持insist,Period Three Grammar & Writing,二命令order，command 三建议suggest，advise，recommend 四要求require，request，demand，desire He insisted that the old man(should)be sent to hospital at once. 他坚持立刻把这位老人送往医院
2、。 He ordered that the work(should)be started at once. 他命令立即开始做这项工作。 I suggest that we(should)set off at once. 我建议我们立刻出发。,The driver demanded that all the passengers(should) show their tickets to him. 司机要求所有的乘客向他出示票据。 注意：(1)suggest意为“建议”时，从句中应用虚拟语气；意为“表明，暗示”时，则应用陈述语气。(2)insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”时用陈述语气，其他则用虚
3、拟语气。 Opinion polls suggest that only 10% of the population trusts the government. 民意调查显示只有10%的人们信任这届政府。 His friends insisted he had no connection with drugs. 他的朋友坚持说他和毒品无关。,2主语从句的虚拟语气 (1)It is形容词/名词that从句，that从句(主语从句)中谓语动词有时用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类形容词有urgent，necessary，essential，important，appropriate，ad
4、visable，preferable，natural，strange等。 (2)It is过去分词that从句，that从句中的谓语动词有时用“(should)动词原形”。 常见的此类过去分词有：suggested，ordered，desired，proposed，recommended，requested，required，demanded等。 Its necessary that we(should)learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。,It is required that we(should)finish our work today. 要求我们今天完成工作。
5、3表语从句和同位语从句的虚拟语气 在以suggestion，advice，recommendation，demand，order，plan，proposal等表示主张、建议、命令的词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 His proposal is that we(should)turn off TV for half an hour every day. 他的建议是我们每天关闭电视半小时。 What do you think of my suggestion that we send a few workers to help oth
6、er groups? 你认为我的那个我们应该派几个工人去帮助其他小组的建议如何？,即时跟踪1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1The judge ordered that the person_ (send)for trial. 2Hansen has proposed that I _ (become)his business partner. 3Her expression on her face suggested that she _ (be) very happy. 4I made the suggestion that they _ (stick)to the plan they ha
7、d made. 5My advice is that you_ (give)up smoking. 6Its requested that Mr.Black_ (sing)a song at the evening party.,(should)be sent,(should)become,was,(should)stick,(should)give,(should)sing,地点、条件、让步状语从句 1地点状语从句 在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，nowher
8、e等。地点状语从句相当于to/in/from the place(s)where.或in/to/from any place where.结构。 Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 Wherever you go，I go too. 无论你去什么地方，我都去。,2条件状语从句 在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词为：if，unless，as/so long as，once，in case，on condition that，supposin
9、g(that)，providing(that)，provided(that)等。 Providing/Supposing/Provided(that)you promise not to tell anyone else，Ill tell you that secret. 只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就告诉你那个秘密。 注意：(1)条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用将来时。,You will find a way if you use your head. 动动脑子，你就会找到办法的。 Dont enter the lab unless the teacher tells you to
10、. 不要进实验室，除非老师允许。 (2)注意条件状语从句中的省略情况。状语从句的省略原则：如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，从句中谓语动词含有be的形式，通常可把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(be)省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。 The girl never gave in unless wrong. 这个女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。,3让步状语从句 在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句，让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时可置于句中。让步状语从句通常由下列词或短语引导：although，though，even if，even though，whatever，wh
11、ichever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever，however，while等。 (1)though/although，这两个词几乎完全相同，though比although通俗，但不如although那么正式，两者通常互换使用。主句不用but，但是可以加yet或still，though引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。,Young though she is，she has travelled to many countries with her parents. 尽管她很年轻，她已经和父母旅行了很多国家。 (2)even though/even
12、if，这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“再退一步说”。 Even though/Even if he says so，we do not believe it.即便他这样说，我们也不相信。 (3)as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。 Succeed as I did，I would go on to work hard. 尽管我成功了，但我将继续努力。,(4)whether(.)or not/whether.or.引导的让步状语从句表示“不论是否”，“不管还是”之意。该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示
13、正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。 I really dont care about it，whether he will stay or not. 不管他是否留下来，我确实不关心。 (5)“疑问词ever”在引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter相应的疑问词”。在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词ever”这类词。 Ill take the heavy box home however difficult it is.(Ill take the heavy box home no matter how difficult it is.) 不管多么困难，我都要把这个重箱子带回
14、家。,(6)while也可以引导让步状语从句，翻译成“尽管”。 While they are my neighbors，I dont know them well. 尽管他们是我的邻居，我对他们了解得并不多。,即时跟踪2 根据句意填上恰当的引导词 1_happened，he would not mind. 2_ we go or stay，the result is the same. 3Child _he was，he knew what was the right thing to do. 4_something unexpected happens，Ill see you tomorro
15、w. 5Its one of the few countries _ people drive on the left.,Whatever,Whether,as/though,Unless,where,.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I _ (injure) (2016天津) 2Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you _ (tell)me，I could have helped. (2016北
16、京) 3_ you do，dont be a bystander.Get involved. (2016江苏) 4I learned that _you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it. (2016天津),would have been injured,had told,Whatever,if,5_ scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still dont know. (2015
17、安徽) 6_the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (2015北京) 7Half an hour later，Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her. (2014重庆),Though/Although,Once,where,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),Though/Although,Wherever,【文体指导】本模块要求写一篇介绍文化遗产的说明文。一个民族文化的根基，一种精神文明的传承，需要载体。悠久的文化，是基
18、于千年文化遗产(例如风俗、习惯、传统表演艺术、古遗址、古建筑等)之上的。吸引更多的年轻人参与到文化遗产保护、研究和文化旅游中来，可促进年轻人树立对遗产地的正确认知态度。教育、引导、宣传都是必要的。该模块的内容及写作要求正好体现了这一点。,该类短文的写作对于时态的选用要视情况而定。如果关于对古迹的历史介绍，则需采用过去时态；若对其现在情况的介绍则要用现在时态。 写作时，首先要引出所要介绍的对象，要让读者明白你将要介绍什么；要突出其作为历史文化遗产的主要特点。其次，在作具体介绍时，要注意理清要点，表述条理，同时注意使用多种句式，避免重复使用一个句式。最后要做到对全文的总结。让人们对其产生深刻印象，
19、并能引发读者的共鸣。总结的好，能起到画龙点睛的作用。,【常用句式】 1There be/lies/stands.in.在有/矗立着 2Firstly，.Secondly，.首先，其次 3Whats more.此外/而且 4It is considered to be one of the most.in history.它被认为是历史上最的之一。 5It covers an area of.它占地 6It has a history of.它有年的历史。 7It is on the list of.它在的名单上。 8It used to be used to.过去它被用来做 9It is lo
20、cated/situated in/to/on/at.它坐落在 10It is thought to be.它被认为是,【写作任务】根据表格中的提示用英语写一篇短文介绍天坛。题目自 拟。,参考词汇：公顷hectare 祭祀worship 祈祷pray for注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 【审题谋篇】 第一步 明确要求本篇文章为介绍世界文化遗产天坛的英语短文，属于介绍事物的_。文章除了介绍天坛的基本信息以外，还要突出介绍它的建筑特色，如：自然景观、人文景观等，为列入世界文化遗产埋下伏笔。时态要根据具体情况来确定，写它的历史时就用_时态，而写目前的情况时则用_时态。,说明
21、文,现在,过去,第二步 确定段落 Para 1： _ Para 2： _ Para 3：_ 第三步 词汇热身 1坐落于_ 2占地 _ 3被认为是 _ 4明清时期_ 5倾向于 _,介绍天坛概况,介绍其历史、建造目的、建筑风格等,介绍天坛现状,be situated/located in/to/on/at,cover an area of.,be regarded as.,the Ming and Qing dynasties,tend to do.,第四步 句式升级 1天坛坐落于北京南部，占地面积273公顷。(一般表达)The Temple of Heaven is situated in th
22、e southern part of the city of Beijing and covers an area of 273 hectares.(句式升级1)The Temple of Heaven， _ the southern part of the city of Beijing，covers an area of 273 hectares.(分词作定语)(句式升级2) _ 273 hectares，the Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of the city of Beijing.(分词作状语),situated
23、 in,Covering an area of,2它被认为是世界上最伟大的建筑之一。(一般表达)It is considered to be one of the greatest architectural structures in the world.(句式升级)It _ one of the greatest architectural structures in the world.(高级词汇) 3在设计这个像“天”一样的建筑时，设计师充分利用颜色、声音及圆和方的数据。(一般表达)When they designed this heavenlike structure, the de
24、signers made good use of the color，sound，and figures of the circle and square.(句式升级) _ this heavenlike structure， the designers made good use of the color，sound，and,is regarded as,When designing,figures of the circle and square.(状语从句的省略) 41998年被列入世界文化遗产，每年吸引世界各地成千上万的游客。(一般表达)It was listed as a world
25、 heritage site in1998It attracts thousands of people from all over the world every year.(句式升级1)It was listed as a world heritage site in 1998，_ thousands of people from all over the world every year.(分词作结果状语)(句式升级2) _ as a world heritage site in 1998，it attracts thousands of people all over the worl
26、d every year.(分词作时间状语),After being listed,attracting,The Temple of Heaven The Temple of Heaven，situated in the southern part of the city of Beijing，covers an area of 273 hectares.It is regarded as one of the greatest architectural structures in the world. Built about 600 years ago，it was the place w
27、here the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshiped heaven and prayed for a good harvest.When designing this heavenlike structure，the designers made good use of the color，sound，and figures of the circle and square.As we know，,【连句成篇】,ancient Chinese tended to believe that the sky was circular and the earth was square.According to this traditional concept，circles were widely used in the design.Because of its unique construction and special purpose，it was listed as a world heritage site in 1998，attracting thousands of people from all over the world every year.,
