1、过去分词作状语 过去分词表被动和完成，作状语时修饰谓语动词表示的动作，其逻辑主语一般是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等，过去分词短语作状语往往可以用相应的状语从句或并列复合句代替。,Period Three Grammar & Writing,1表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。可以置于句首，也可以置于句末，有时可置于主语和谓语之间。 Seen from the hill，the town looks very beautiful. When the town is seen from the hill，it looks
2、very beautiful. 从山顶看，城市很漂亮。 2表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。常置于句首，偶尔置于句末或句中。 Encouraged by his father，he continued his research work. As he was encouraged by his father，he continued his research work. 由于受到他父亲的鼓舞，他继续他的研究工作。,3表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。常置于句首。 Given more money and time，we would ha
3、ve finished the job earlier. If we had been given more money and time，we would have finished the job earlier. 如果给予更多的钱和时间，我们就会把工作完成得早一点。 4表示行为方式或伴随状况，作方式或伴随状语，相当于并列复合句。置于句首、句中或句末。 The lecturer came into the hall，followed by a group of students.,The lecturer came into the hall，and he was followed by
4、a group of students. 演讲者走进大厅，后面跟着一群学生。 5有时分词前可以用连词加以强调。连词while常接现在分词；when 接现在分词或过去分词均可；once，if，though，although，even if，even though，unless，than，as 等只能接过去分词。有些过去分词作状语时，没有被动意味，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成。 When dressed in white，she looks really pretty. 穿上白色衣服，她看上去非常漂亮。,6过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进
5、行、主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个主动的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则可使用现在分词的完成时。 Shown around the city，we were impressed by the citys new look. 在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下了深刻印象。 Seeing the picture，he couldnt help thinking of his good old days. When he saw the picture，he couldnt help thinking of his good old days. 看到那张照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。,Havin
6、g finished their homework，the children went out to play football. After the children finished their homework，they went out to play football. 做完作业后，孩子出去踢足球了。,即时跟踪1 用过去分词改写句子 1When it is compared with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all._ the size of the whole earth，th
7、e biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. 2As he was frightened by the tiger，the boy didnt dare to go to the zoo alone._by the tiger，the boy didnt dare to go to the zoo alone. 3If these trees are grown in rich soil，they can grow faster._in rich soil，these trees can grow faster.,Compared with,Frightene
8、d,Grown,4He was sitting in the office，and he was lost in thought.He was sitting in the office，_ 5Unless she is invited，she wont attend his wedding._，she wont attend his wedding. 6Although he is introduced to the young man，he still stands there silently._to the young man，he still stands there silentl
9、y.,lost in thought,Unless invited,Although introduced,短语动词 短语动词由动词与名词、介词、副词等结合在一起组成，主要有如下几类。,I open up the store for the day at around 8：30 am 我的店大约每天早上8：30开门。 They are turning waste land into paddy fields. 他们正在把荒地变为稻田。 You should pay attention to your spelling. 你应该注意拼写。 I am going in for an entranc
10、e examination next year. 我明年将参加入学考试。,即时跟踪2 按动词词组的要求完成句子 1我们决定把会议推迟。(动词副词)Weve decided to _ 2我不喜欢喝茶。(动词介词)I dont _tea. 3她很快赶上了我们。(动词副词介词)She soon _us. 4我不在家时，请照看一下我的小孩。(动词名词介词)_my baby while Im out. 5他是个驾驶赛车的能手。(be 形容词介词)He _driving racing cars.,put the meeting off/put off the meeting,care for,caught
11、 up with,Keep an eye on,is expert at,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1_(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. (2016北京) 2_ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. (2015重庆) 3Clearly and thoughtfully _ (write)，the book inspires confidence
12、in students who wish to seek their own answers. (2014天津) 4_ (spend)nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. (2014江西),Having been ordered,Raised,written,Having spent,5_ (found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. (2013安徽) 6The judges gave no
13、 hint of what they thought，so I left the room really _(worry) (2013上海) 7When _ (ask)for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽) 8Time，_ (use)correctly，is money in the bank.(2012湖南),Founded,worried,asked,used,.选词填空 A) give away；appeal to；cut o
14、ff；lie in；turn up 1When their children lived far away from them，these people felt _from the world. (2016浙江) 2There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015湖北) 3Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later. (2015湖北) 4Bo
15、dy language can _a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. (2015浙江),cut off,lies in,turn up,give away,5We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _our emotions than for straight facts. (2015浙江) B) break down；
16、set down；come across；pay sb off；get down to 6Is this your necklace，Mary？I _it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. (2014湖北) 7The two countries are going to meet to _some barriers to trade between them. (2014天津) 8Anyway，were here now，so lets _some serious work. (2014江西),appeal to,came acros
17、s,break down,get down to,9Ralph WEmerson would always _new ideas that occurred to him. (2014陕西) 10Dad，I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _him _ (2014江苏),set down,pay,off,【文体指导】本模块要求介绍一个少数民族基诺族，此类文章属于说明文。说明文通常用一般现在时；介绍具体情况时，通常用第三人称，而表达自己的观点时则要用第一人称。说明
18、文对写作格式没有特别要求，只要把内容介绍清楚即可。但要根据需要说明的事物的要点，仔细梳理要点之间的逻辑关系，使得条理清楚，便于表达，切忌逐条翻译，盲目写作。,介绍一个群体或民族时，可以简要介绍其形成过程、人 口数、居住地、语言、宗教、经济发展状况以及传统特点 等，可以围绕一些众所周知的典型特点进行描述。描述时要 做到客观准确。 【常用句式】 1It lies/It is located.它位于 2It has an area of.它占地 3It has a population of.它有人口。 4Its rich in.它丰富。 5They are good at.他们擅长,6They d
19、ecorate their houses with.他们用装饰自己的房子。 7The most important of all is.最重要的是 8There is a tradition that.他们的传统是,【写作任务】根据课文66页的内容，写一篇介绍基诺族的短文。写作要 点如下：1介绍基诺族基本情况；2介绍其经济状况及文化传统。注意：1.词数100左右；2内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯；3书写须清晰、工整。 【审题谋篇】 第一步 明确要求本文是介绍基诺族的说明文，主要的任务是把要说明的 内容说清楚，人称采用_人称，时态用_。,一般现在时,第三,第二步 确定段落 Part 1： _ Pa
20、rt 2： _ 第三步 词汇热身 1有人口_ 2当地语_ 3以农耕和捕鱼为生_ 4住在上层_ 5以能歌善舞而闻名_,总体上对基诺族进行介绍,从不同的方面进行具体细致的介绍,have a population of/with a population of,native language,live by farming and fishing,live on the upper floor,be known as good singers and dancers,第四步 句式升级 1基诺族有18 000人口。(一般表达)The Jinuo Ethnic Group has a populatio
21、n of around 18，000 people.(句式升级1)The Jinuo Ethnic Group is a group _ _around 18，000 people.(定语从句)(句式升级2)The Jinuo Ethnic Group is a group _ _ around 18，000 people.(短语作定语),which has,a population of,with a,population of,2他们主要靠农业和渔业为生，主要作物是水稻、玉米和茶叶。(一般表达)They live by farming and fishing and their main
22、crops are rice，maize and tea.(句式升级)They live by farming and fishing， _ _(独立主格结构),their main,crops being rice，maize and tea,3二三十个家庭一起住在上层，动物住在底层。(一般表达)About 20 or 30 families live together on the upper floor，while their animals are kept on the ground floor.(句式升级1)About 20 or 30 families live together
23、 on the upper floor， _(现在分词作状语)(句式升级2)About 20 or 30 families live together on the upper floor， _. (with复合结构),keeping their animals on the ground floor,with their animals kept on the ground floor,The Jinuo Ethnic Group The Jinuo Ethnic Group has a population of around 18，000 people who mainly live i
24、n the Jinghong area of Yunnan.Today they mostly speak Chinese although their native language is a ChineseTibetan language with no written script. They live by farming and fishing，their main crops being rice，maize and tea.Rice and maize，along with beans，are their staple foods.They live in large house
25、s made of bamboo or wood on mountain slopes.About 20 or 30 families live together,【连句成篇】,on the upper floor，with their animals kept on the ground floor.The women usually wear colorful jackets and short black skirts，while men wear short white jackets and white or blue trousers.They are known as good singers and dancers，and the drum is a very important instrument for them.In December they have a Forge Iron Festival with a special Sundrum Dance，when older people play the drum and others dance round drum.,
