1、精英考研英语翻译讲座,第十一讲 其他从句 灵活处理 考题实例：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. （2000） 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相
2、关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,1.主语从句的翻译 1) 由代词what, whatever, whoever等引起的主语从句 1) What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。 2) Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 3) Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome. 什么
3、人到我们公共参考图书馆来都欢迎。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2) “It” 作为形式主语 1) It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。 2) It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的事。 3) It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortc
4、omings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 4) It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June. 据传闻，这次会议将在六月举行。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,考题实例：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （2002） 难题之一在
5、于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2表语从句的翻译 1) This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。 2) Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 3) His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,考题实例：If the s
6、mall hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. （1998） 假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀学说。 （同位语） 。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3英语同位语从句的翻译 1) 保持原本的语序；如： (1) He expressed the hope that he
7、 would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 (2) We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 2) 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句；如： (1) They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender. 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。 (2) It does not
8、 alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3) 加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼；如： (1) But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。 (2) And there was the possibility that a s
9、mall electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. 而且总有这种可能性 一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,4) 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出；如： (1) An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back. 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。 (2) Even the m
10、ost precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,考题实例：And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage
11、.（2001） 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂躁。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,4英语状从句的翻译 1. 时间状语从句 1）按通常的主从关系译作汉语的时间状语从句 (1) While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 (2) Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关电灯。 (3) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信
12、一交给我，就叫我念给他听。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2) 译作汉语的并列句或平行结构 (1) She sang as she prepared the experiment. 她一边唱着歌，一边准备实验。 (2) They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。 (3) I was about to speak, when Mr. Smith cut in. 我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3) 译作汉语的条件句 (1) Turn off the switch when any
13、thing goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。 (2) A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若无外力的作用，静止的物体则不会移动。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2.地点状语从句 除了按通常的情况译作汉语的地点状语从句之外，地点状语从句有时可译作汉语的条件句； (1) Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做个记号。 (2) The materials are excellent fo
14、r use where the value of the workpieces is not high. 如果零件价值不高，使用这些材料是最好不过的了。 (3) Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers. 只要哪里水源充足，就在哪里修建大批的水电站。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3. 原因状语从句 1）按通常的情况译作汉语的时间状语从句 (1) The crops failed because the season was dry 气候干燥时，作
15、物歉收。 (2) As the moons gravity is only about 1/6 the gravity of the earth, a 200pound man weights only 33 pounds on the moon. 由于月球的引力只有地球引力的六分之一，所以一个体重200磅的人在月球上仅重33磅。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2) 可视情况译作汉语主句 (1) Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 (2) P
16、ure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。 (3) Since information is continuously sent into the system as it becomes available, Teletext is always kept up-to-date. 新获得的资料不断地输入系统，所以电传文本总能保持最新信息。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,4. 条件状语从句 1) 译作汉语的假设句 (1) If something has the ability to adjust it
17、self to the environment, we say it has intelligence. 如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它具有智力。 (2) Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？ (3) Should there be urgent situation, press the red button to switch off the electricity. 万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2) 作汉语的补语从句 (1) Yo
18、u can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话。 (2) Any body above the earth will fall unless it is supported by an upward force equal to its weight. 地球上的任何物体都会落下来，除非它受到一个大小与其重量相等的力支持。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,5.让步状语从句 1) 译作汉语的一般让步状语从句 (1) While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得全
19、部都如此。 (2) I still think that you made a mistake while I admit what you say. 就算我承认你所说的没错，但我还是认为你犯了个错误。 2) 译作汉语的“不管”、“无论”之类的无条件句 (1) He got the same result whichever way he did the experiment. 不论用什么方法做实验，他所得到的结果都相同。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,(2) All living things, whether they are animals or plants, are made up of c
20、ells. 一切生物，不管是动物还是植物，都是由细胞组成的。 (3) They were determined to carry out their plan no matter what obstacles they would have to face. 他们决心坚决执行计划，不论他们将面临什么样的障碍,精英考研英语翻译讲座,6. 目的状语从句 可根据不同的情况和语气或放在句首，或放在句末： (1) We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 为了正午以前赶到那里，我们应当早点动身。（我们应当早点动身，以便能在正午之前赶到那里。） (2) Steel parts are usually covered with grease for fear that they should rust. 钢制零件通常涂上润滑脂，以防生锈。 （为了防锈，钢制零件通常需涂上润滑脂。） (3) A rocket must attain a speed of about five miles per second so that it may put a satellite in orbit. 火箭必须获得每秒大约五英里的速度，以便把卫星送入轨道。（为了能把卫星送入轨道，火箭必须获得每秒大约五英里的速度。）,
