1、Unit2 Grammar and Usage,Modal verbs,Review,studying aims,1.Review modal verbs.2.Learn to use modal verbs with exercises.,Whats the definition of modal verbs?,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。,What are the functions of modal verbs?,一. We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Abil
2、ity （能力） 2. Obligation （义务） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允许）,二.We also use modal verbs to:,5. Make requests（提出请求） 6. Make suggestions（提出建议） 7. Make offers（提供帮助） 8. Give advice（提出意见）,How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs?,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、语境)
3、,Thinking,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、语境),表能力的情态动词： can/could be able to,情态动词表示能力 情态动词表示能力时，一般用cancould或be able to。 1.can常指现在，较常用；如果只表示能力时，两者都可用。e.g. I can / am able to swim. 2.be able to 可用于各种时态 e.g. We shall be able to finish the work next week. 侧重于“克服一定困难”“经过一定努力”“有能力”干
4、某事 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种 时态 客观上能够,即讲即练 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to答案：D,情态动词表示推测的用法（语气从强到弱） 1._所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。 2.can和could主要用于_句和_句中，cant或couldnt 表示“不可能”。 3.may和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于_句中，might相对于may来说，表示的可
5、能性更小一些。,mustshouldcancouldmaymight,must,否定,疑问,肯定,注意： 1 表示猜测，can/could一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。 e.g. Anybody can make mistakes. 2 表示猜测，may和might都不用于疑问句中。 e.g. (正) Can Could it be cloudy tomorrow？(误) May Might it be cloudy tomorrow？,4. should也可以用来表示“推测”，意为“可能；该”，相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“
6、可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 答案：C,情态动词表示“许可”、“允许”的用法 can/could/may/might 过去式could常用于疑问句中，比can更加委婉，表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形can或者may，不可再用过去式could/might。 e.g. Can/May/Could I use your pen? 肯定简略回答： Yes, you can/may. Yes, please. 否定简略回答：
7、 No, you mustnt. Please dont. _No, you may not.,即讲即练 Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should答案：C,Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year. It will be sunny in the daytime, but it could rain later on this evening.-Can I go now? -Yes
8、, you can. Could you wait a few days for the money?This cant/couldnt be done by him.,表示“能力”,表示“客观可能性”,表示“请求和允许”,表示“请求”,口语中代替can,使语气更委婉,主要用于疑问句,答语用can.-Could I use your bike tomorrow? Yes,_. No, _.,表示不相信的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)”,you can,Im afraid not,1. can和could,Attention:,1.can/be able to区别:,can表示与生俱来
9、的能力或一种客观可能，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。,He _ flee Europe before the war broke out.,Note：,was able to,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. She _ speak bot
10、h English and French.,can,I cant thank you too much.,can never/canttoo表示“无论怎样也不过分”，“越越好” 。,你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。,You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,May I watch TV after supper? Yes,_./ No, _. Might I use your telephone? May I go home now? It may be true. She may come tomorrow. He might have
11、some fever. May you succeed! May you have many more days as happy as this one!,you may,You mustnt,允许,许可,禁止,阻止,Might比May的语气更委婉,表示可能性的推测,译为“大概,可能”用might时显得更加不肯定,用于祈使句表示祝愿,2. May 和Might,A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not,A,may _ can_,表主
12、观“可能”,表客观“可能”,cannot_ may not_,不可能,可能不,may 和can,They_ be doing the experiment in the lab. Why？ Because the lights are still burning.,A.could B.can C.must D.would,must表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。 must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。 I told her that she must give up smoking.,比较must & h
13、ave to,Its getting late. I have to leave now. （客观需要）,- Whats the name?- Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might,4.shall/should,（10江苏）I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. mus
14、t D.may,解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。,答案：B,You shall be punished for what youve done.,你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。,The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,would,5.will/would,可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。,will 表示意志，愿望，决心。 I will give up sm
15、oking.-Write to me when you get home. -_. A. I must B.I should C.I will D.I can 答案：C “我会的“,主语若为无生命的东西，wont 不表示意 志，而用来谈论事物的自然属性，表示拒 绝，意为“不肯”、“就是不”、或“怎 么也不能”。 The window wont open. =The window refuses to open. 这窗户打不开。 e.g.Ive tried several times, but the car just _. A. doesnt start B. wouldnt start C.
16、 wont start D. didnt start,C,6.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句;need to dodare to do need to be doneneed doing,1.判断正误:,How dare you say such a t
17、hing?How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,Exercises,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These d
18、ishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.,表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点 之一。,mustnt 不准, 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to ),Attention:,（10湖南） 3. You_ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustnt
19、C. have to D. dont have to,考点：情态动词 解析：dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”,答案：D,情态动词+have+过去分词 must have done can/could +have done should /ought to +have done may/might +have done neednt +have done,路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 The road is wet. It_ _ _ last night.-My cats really fat. -You _ ha
20、ve given her so much food.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 答案：C,must have rained,must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测。 1.仅用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，“一定 准是” 2.反义疑问句：didnt 或者 havent. He must have studied English last night,didnt he ? 因为有last night,表示的是过去的时间状语，所以用didnt。 He must have studied English for years,ha
21、snt he ? 因为有for years 表示一段时间，持续至今，所以用现在完成时。,can/could +have done表示对过去否定疑问的推测。 1.只能用在否定和疑问句中。 2.时间上都表示过去，语气上can比could更肯定 3.could+have done 常表示对过去可能做而没有做某事的遗憾，不高兴。,She _ have left school,for her bike is still here. A.cant B wouldnt C shouldnt D neednt 答案：AHe paid for a seat ,when he _have entered free
22、. A.could B.would C.must D.need 答案：A,should /ought to +have done 1.肯定句中，表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事。 2.否定句中，表示不该做而实际上做了。 3.ought to 比should 口气更强烈,Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tellC.be telling D having told答案：A,may/might +have done 对过去某事可能性的推测。 1.might 比may的可能性更小 2.might
23、 have done 表示“本该 而 没”.表示委婉的责备、遗憾、愤怒。 3.如果主句动词是过去时，间接引语只能用might have done 4.may +have done 只能用于肯定或否定句中。,-Where is my book ?I remember I put it here yesterday. -You _ it in the wrong place. A must put B.should have put C.might put Dmight have put 答案：D He _you more help,even though he was very busy. A.
24、might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 答案：A,neednt +have done 表示做了没有必要的事。只用在否定和疑问句中。 -Joe,I have cleaned the room for you -Thanks.You _it .I could manage it myself. A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 答案：B 比较：She neednt have come to see me yesterday.Sh
25、e didnt need to come to see me yesterday,Lets have a try!,最新高考真题链接,2010届高考真题再现,（10四川） 1. _ I take the book out?Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need,考点：考查情态动词。 解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may. 句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。,答案：B,（10浙江） 4. “You _ have a wrong
26、number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would,考点：情态动词 解析：肯定猜测，用must,答案：C,（10全国） 5.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt,解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。,答案：A,Yes, we can.,Can we pass our college entrance e
27、xamination after two years?,Group work,Have a discussion: What can we senior school students do at school? What cant /mustnt we do at school? What do we have to do at school? What ?,翻译句子(利用情态动词),1.昨晚那间屋子着火了，但那家人都逃了出来; 2.我不会告诉老师这件事; 3.办公室不能抽烟 ; 4.灯还亮着，他肯定在书房读小说;,1.The house caught fire last night, bu
28、t the family was all able to escape.,翻译句子(利用情态动词),4.The light is still on. He must be reading in the study.,3.You mustnt smoke in the office.,2.I wont tell the teacher about it .,Homework,Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise paper,Thank you!,2.熟悉情态动词委婉用法：could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.,Attention:,4.would与used to 的区别,would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向 “总是,总要” used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯） “过去常常” used to 可于状态动词连用 would不可以,Attention:,
