1、动词的语态Passive Voice被动语态,主讲老师：王娟,高三英语,01,被动语态的基本构成,被动语态常见错误,目 录 / contents,02,被动语态针对题型训练,03,04,被动语态关键提示,被动语态的基本构成,被动语态,动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。,我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动要变化 不变化,It is produced in China. T
2、he tradition was revived by students,例如：,1.主动句改被动句,A car knocked him down yesterday.Two doctors and ten nurses make up the team.When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree.,He was knocked down by a car,The medical team is made up of,A fallen tree was being cut up,4)Well put on the play next
3、 Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built,The railway had been completed by the end of last year,7)We should protect the earth8)You need to pai
4、nt the wall9) My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday,The earth should be protected,The wall needs to be painted,I was given a gift on my birthday A gift was given to me on my birthday.,10)We always keep the room clean11)We often hear him play guitar12)They saw a boy flying a kite,The room is always
5、kept clean,He is often heard to play guitar,A boy was seen flying a kite,被动语态常见错误,2.被动语态常见错误,1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,4)A fire was broken out las
6、t night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day8)His plan is sounded good9)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to
7、be washed / washing,3.主动式表被动义,The books _ wellA. were sold B. sellC. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easilyA. has washed B. was washedC. washes D. is washed,B,C,动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,dr
8、ink,注意事项:,The fish is not fit _(eat) We find English hard _ (learn) The article is difficult _ (understand).,to eat,to learn,to understand,不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,I have a lot of homework _(do)I will give him som
9、e books _ (read),to do,to read,不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。,表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。,1) 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove,appear,make,.) The steel feels cold,2) 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,.) The
10、 shop opens at 6 am. every day,6) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义; 但若用在there be结构中，主动、被动均可（口语中常用主动式）。 I have a lot of homework to do There are many things to do/to be done,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,3) 表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。 (
11、read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,.) The pen writes smoothly,4) 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed,5) 不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。 (difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortabl
12、e,light,heavy, dangerous, safe,.)The fish is not fit to eat,7) be to blame表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。 The boy is to blame for what he has done8)不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态rise,happen,succeed,remain,.take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to,.,2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _
13、in the factoryis being repairedis repairedhas been repairedhasnt been repaired,A,3Every possible means _, but none _ successful A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved,C,综合训练,6. I neednt have been in that hurry. The flight to Chongqing _ (cancel
14、) due to the foggy weather.7. Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?- Sorry, but it _ (sell) so well that we dont have any in store.,was cancelled,sells,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill
15、 hold,B,4At the end of the meeting., it was announced that an agreement _ (reach)5.Tommy _ (tell)many times, but he still could not understand it.,had been reached,had been told,8. Whats up? The house is in a mess.- Oh, I forgot to tell you. It _ (repaint)9.Hundreds of jobs _ (lose) if the factory c
16、loses.,is being repainted,will be lost,被动语态关键提示,注意一：,使用被动语态的场合,1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。 如:Computers are widely used in transport. 2.强调动作的承受者时。如：A library will be built in this city.,注意二：,“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如：,1. Im interested in mathematics. 2. He se
17、ems unsatisfied with his work. 3. Tom was surprised at the news.,注意三：,某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如: 1. The door doesnt open easily. 2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.,1. need,
18、 want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如: This dictionary is well worth buying. 2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如: What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.,注意四：,3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如: She has an old grandfather to look after.,4.“主语系动词to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于“sth. be to let / rent”或“sb. be to blame”结构中。如: Its not my fault. She is to blame.,goodbye,
