1、英语中的变音现象我们都有过这样沮丧的经验，很容易听懂中国人说的英语，但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里，便觉得很难跟上，有时甚至是不知所云。这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词一个一个的发，每个都很清晰，词与词之间有明显的 pause, 但是英美人的口语会有很多音变，这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生，难懂，给我们的听力造成了很大的困难，因此了解并使用各音变规则会帮助我们提高听力，使我们的发音更加地道。音变主要有连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式。以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音规则，以及最后一项关于英语的节奏。一、连读（见另一专 题）二、失音由于失去爆破是失音的一
2、种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。注意：爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。 （见失去爆破 专题）Disappearing /T/关于/t/ 失音问题：The sound /t/ tends to be unstable in many words and phrases. Sometimes its there. Sometimes it isnt. There is a process called elision which deletes /t/ when it is preceded by a voiceless consonan
3、t and followed by any consonant except /h/. Here are some examples: Christmas, last week, most people, act sensibly, software.三、浊化1、S 后面的清辅音要浊化k 浊化成 g sky discussion： t 浊化成d stand p浊化成 b speak expression还有tr-dr strike2、美音中 t 在单词的中间被浊化成 d如：writer，听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别letter-ladder out of2-1 在单词的前面或后面就
4、不浊化比如：Ted took ten tomatoes. first, coast, hot, late, fat, goat, hit, put, not, hurt,等。2-2 在过去式中 ed 的发音：在清辅音后面发 t: laughed la:ft, picked pIkt, hoped houpt, raced reist, watched wa: tt, washed wa: t在浊辅音后面发 d: halved hvd, rigged rigd, nabbed nbd, raised reizd, smoothed smu: dExceptions: wicked wikid,
5、naked nakid, crooked krukid, etcT 或 d 后面发/id/ started founded2-3 t 和 n 连在一起的时候，由于口位差不多，通常 t 就不发音了。Disappearing /d/We saw that /t/ can disappear in certain circumstances. The same is true of /d/, but the circumstances are slightly different. If /d/ is preceded by a voiced consonant /b d g v z m n l/
6、and it is followed by a consonant other than /h/, then it can be deleted (elided). Here are some examples: handbag, old man, used toTaken together, the disappearance of /t/ and /d/ is called alveolar plosive elision (齿龈爆破失音).1. interview - innerview2. Internet - innernet3. twenty - twenny4. winter -
7、 winner 或 winder5. enter - enner 或 ender 美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是t在单词的中间一定会浊化成d，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。四、弱读一般来说：实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；虚词弱读，如介词、代词等弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 或 比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如：for: 重读时f: , 弱读时 f to 有三种读法tu:tt some 也有三种读法sms msm.does 也有两种读法dzd z
8、of 居然有四种读法 vvvf 举几个例子：1、To 的弱读：to 的前面是辅音弱读成 t 或 t today/tdei/ tonight/tnait/ We have to/hft / go.To 的前面如果是元音，那就弱读成 d 或 d I go to/goud /workat a quarter to two. We plan to do it.2、for 的弱读 ：在句中读/fr/句末读/f :r/This is for/fr/ you. Its for/fr/ my friend.What is this for/f :r/? Who did you get it for/f :r/
9、?3、and 弱读成/n/ Bread and butter4、or 弱读成/r/ Soup or/su:pr/ salad? Left or right5、are 弱读成/r/ What are you doing? How are you?6、your 弱读成/jr/ Hows your family? Is this your car?还有很多，希望多听，细心体会。强读式和弱读式(strong form and weak form)A: indefinite article: strong form: ei, weak form: Note: Weak form word. The st
10、rong form /ei/ is used mainly for contrast (e.g. “This is a solution, but not the only one.”). The weak form only occurs before consonants, and is usually pronounced /. In rapid speech, when / is preceded by a consonant, it may combine with a following /l/, /n/ or /r/ to produce a syllabic consonant
11、 (e.g. “got a light”, “get another”.). The: strong form: i:, weak form before vowels: i, weak form before consonants: .Note: Weak form word. The strong form / i:/ is used for emphasis, e.g. “This is the place to eat” or contrast, e.g. “Its not a solution, but the solution”. Weak forms are / / before
12、 consonants, e.g. “the cat” and / i / before vowels, e.g. “the apple”. 再以单词 and 为例。And 的发音有以下几种可能性：1. /nd/ 2. /nd/ 3. /n/ 4. /n/，其中以 3最为常见。短语 in and out 通常读作/ innaut/五、缩读：（供大家参考）Standard English Reduced forms examplebecause kuz I dont wanna go to the party, kuz it sounds boring.bet you betcha I betc
13、ha cant eat ten hot dogs!could have + consonant kuda You kuda gone with me, if youd told me in plenty of time.could have + vowel kudav I was so hungry, I kudav eaten a horse.did you didja/didya Didja like the film?dont you doncha Doncha know?get you getcha Ill getcha a drink.give me gimme Gimme all
14、your money!“going to + verb gonna Im gonna do my homework now.got you gotcha I gotcha that candy bar you asked for.has to hasta He hasta know how much he means to me.have to hafta I hafta clean the house before I go out.how are you + verb howarya Howarya doin?I dont know I dunno “I dunno what to thi
15、nk about that.“kind of + consonant kinda Im kinda worried about that test.kind of + vowel kindav This book is kindav interesting.kinds of + consonant kindsa What kindsa clothes does that shop sell?kinds of + vowel kindsav Look at all those different kindsav oranges for sale!let me lemme Lemme in!lot
16、 of + consonant lotta Ive got a lotta respect for that guy.lot of + vowel lottav There were a lottav English people at the party.lots of + consonant lottsa There were lottsa books in that room.lots of + vowel lottsav There are lottsav interesting things to see and do.“might have + consonant mighta I
17、 mighta gone with him if hed invited memight have + vowel mightav She mightav agreed to come if youd been nicer to her.must have + consonant musta I musta walked past her without even seeing her.must have + vowel mustav She mustav intended to dump him before his birthday.ought to oughta You oughta k
18、now more about that than me.should have + consonant shoulda I shoulda studied harder for the exam.should have + vowel shouldav He really shouldav opened up about his feelings.should not have + consonant shouldnta/shouldna Where is she? She shouldna taken that long!should not have + vowel shouldntav/
19、shouldnav She shouldntav ignored you like that.want to wanna I wanna go home.what are you + gerund whatcha Whatcha doin?what do you + verb whaddaya Whaddaya wanna do today?would have + consonant woulda I woulda done the dishes if youd asked me.would have + vowel wouldav I wouldav asked you to do it, if Id thought you would.what is the matter wassamatta Wassammatta witcha? (with you)综上所述，不难看出为什么我们跟不上老外说的英语了，了解了这些不仅能提高我们的口语能力，同时提高了我们的听力。
