1、1XXXXX 大学 20 20 学年度第 学期基础英语 1期末试卷 学院： 班级：20 姓名： 学号： 2 I.Vocabulary and Grammar (15 points, 1 point for each)1. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends? B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didnt get an
2、A. D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.2. Nancys gone to work but her cars still there. She _ by bus.A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have gone3. He feels that he is not yet _ to travel abroad.A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enough4.
3、After_ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.A. that B. it C. what D. there5. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets. B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book. D. They were given two magazines e
4、ach.6. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three times B. three times the price C. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price7. I was very interested in _ she told me.A. all that B. all which C. all what D. that8. It is going to be fine tomorrow.
5、_.A. So is it. B. So it is. C. So it does . D. So does it.9. In “How much do you think he earns?“ how much is _ of the sentence.A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement10. “The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer“ has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA. th
6、e man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.11. It was in that small room _ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. what B. in which C. which D. that12. _ tha
7、t the left side of the human brain is responsible for logic.A. Its generally believed B. It is believed generallyC. It generally is believed D. Generally it is believed13. Scientists didnt know much about lung cancer _.A. before long B. long beforeC. until recently D. in the past few years14. Nobody
8、 would believe his words though he said he was _ of the crime.A. pure B. clear C. innocent D. guilty15. The university has to _ the government for more money.A. call at B. call on C. appeal for D. appeal to. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases and expressions listed below. (15 p
9、oints, 1 point for each)resort to cling to give rise to hear of think twice in the first place dawn on in case consist of regard as he same goes for refer to be exposed to keep to oneself burst into 16. Peking University is _ the most important school of higher learning in China. It _ some of the be
10、st faculties in our country. 17. It suddenly _ us that _ the whole polar ice cap should melt into water, many of our coastal cities would disappear under the sea. 18. Both sides are willing to sit down and talk because they know it is stupid _ force. 19. It had suddenly started raining when he retur
11、ned home, wet all over and trembling with his clothes _ his body.-装-订-线-220. The heavy rains they had last summer _ serious flooding. 21. I have never _a true scientist who is afraid of telling the people the truth. 22.He thinks he should _ before we agree with the plan to build more water power sta
12、tion in that river.23.Without passion, language learning is a very difficult . In fact, we shouldnt have come to this school _ , if we were not interested in language. 24.Globalization requires our education see to it that our students are well _foreign cultures.25.A man needs a rest. _economy. You
13、cant expect economy to keep on growing rapidly forever.26.What we _ as “The Palace Museum” today used to be the emperors palace. It is also known as the Forbidden City, and was first built in the Ming Dynasty.27.I never felt at ease in front of strangers when I was a kid. So I usually_ myself.28.Yes
14、terday, the boss_ the room without knocking at the door, wild with anger.III. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 2 points for each)Passage OneAs Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, acc
15、ording to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks,its necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn
16、t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance fr
17、om humans. Obviously there are cultural differences,but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space,you wouldnt think thats the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can
18、find a way to set out human values as clear rules.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only
19、if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a huma
20、n when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans arent quite sure about a decision,we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult s
21、tep in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer,robots could be good for humanity.29. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A.It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B.
22、It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D.It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.30. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A.They ar
23、e aggressive.B.They are outgoing.C.They are ignorant.D.They are ill-bred.31.How do robots learn human values?A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D. By imit
24、ating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.32.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A. keep a distance from possible dangers.B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D. Do sufficient testing before taking actio
25、n.33.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A. Determine what is moral and ethical.B. Design some large-scale experiments.C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.D. Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoWhy do some people live to be older than othe
26、rs? You know the standard explanations： keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise,etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this questi
27、on by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的） than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and 3cooperativ
28、e than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consid
29、er advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance,were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people
30、 who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that y
31、our mothers personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when were a
32、dults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny（命运） , and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.34. The aim of the study in the Jou
33、rnal of the American Geriatrics Society is_.A. to see whether peoples personality affects their life spanB. to find out if ones lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity35. What does the
34、 author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.36. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expec
35、tation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.37. What does
36、 the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Childrens personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers negative personality characteristic
37、s may affect their childrens life spans.38. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one
38、is.D. Health is in large part related to ones lifestyle.VI. Translate the following sentences (30 points, 3 points for each)Into English:39.因为没有更好的词，我们姑且称之为“走后门主义”吧。40.你最好带一件厚一点的外衣，以防天气突然变冷。41.成功不仅取决于你做什么，也取决于你不做什么。42.有意思的是，并不是所有人都已认识到，假如我们不提高我们的教育水平，我们将永远落后于其他国家。43.我们的政府发言人对最近被海盗劫持的两位中国工程师深表关切。Into
39、 Chinese:44. Strong as we might be some day, we must never become arrogant. We should continue to pursue the policy of peaceful co-existence among nations.45. I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful. Isnt that the most shameful thing that we have been i
40、ncapable of feeling ashamed?46. It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of papers annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet.47. That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to everybody. But
41、no one regretted this move.48. There arent many people who still cling to the idea that man should conquer nature rather than live in harmony with it. V. Writing (20 points)Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic. Detailed descriptions of crimes are often given in the newspaper or on the TV. Some people think it has bad consequences on the society and so should be restricted. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Why?
