1、12018 年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ four years after she arrived from Honduras， Martha， 20， graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles. She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken. Her sister， Marlin， 22， attends a local community college and will s
2、oon be a certified nurse assistant. The brothers are a different story. Oscar， 17， was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school. The youngest， Jonathan， 15， is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law. “The boys g
3、et sidetracked more， ” says the kids mother， Suyapa Landaverde. “The girls are more confident.” This is no aberration. Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys， according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed， five-year study of immigrant childrenthe largest of its 2kind， including Lat
4、ino， Chinese and Haitian kidsby Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well， the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different. The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures
5、 than boys. “The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of their native culture” because theyre kept closer to the hearth， says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco， “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it. Consider the kids experi
6、ences in school. The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culturethe dress， the slang， the disdain for education. Theyre disciplined more often and， as a result， develop more adversarial relationships with teachersand the wider society. They may also face more debili
7、tating prejudices. One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.” 3Gender shapes immigrant kids experiences
8、outside school as well. Often hailing from traditional cultures， the girls face greater domestic obligations. They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors， ” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world， says Carola Suarez-Orozco. An unintended consequence：“The girls
9、 get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im， 18， a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago. She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mothers clothing shop. Her br
10、other? “He plays computer games， ” says Im. The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academicallyand to be clear， plenty perform phenomenallythey risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. Oscar Herrera， Marthas dropout broth
11、er， may be realizing that. “Im thinking of returning to school， ” he recently told his mother. He ought to look to his sisters for guidance. 1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by Aposing a contrast 4Bjustifying an assumption Cmaking a comparison Dexplaining a phenomenon 2.
12、The statement “they also frequently act as cultural ambassadors”(Line two， Paragraph 4) implies that 第 6 页共 6 页 凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ Athey work as a translator for their parents Bthey help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture Cthey encourage their parents to go into the outs
13、ide world Dtheir parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador. 3. Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons， except that AAmerican youth culture has a bad influence on the boys Bpeople have prejudice against them Ctheir sense of responsi
14、bility is not as strong as that of the girls Dthey do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world 4. Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that Athe immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world Bthe 5immigrant boys have no judgment
15、about the youth culture Cthe immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys Dthe immigrant boys should be severely disciplined 5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? AAll the dropouts should receive good education. BMany immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future. C
16、Schooling education has been neglected. DMore attention should be paid to the immigrant children. 词汇注释 sidetracked 使受牵制的，误入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差 outperform 胜过 preliminary 预备的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差异，矛盾 adept at 熟练于?;擅长于? straddle 跨坐 navigate 航行于，驾驶，操纵 adversarial 敌手的，对手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虚弱 macho 男子的，男子
17、气的 hailing from 来自，在某地生长 mediate 仲裁，调停 foist 偷偷插入，使混入 phenomenally 现象上的，明白地;惊人地 irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能补救地 look to sb. for sth.以来或指望某人提供或作某事物 6fare 进展;成功 难句讲解 1. Last week， four years after she arrived from Honduras， Martha， 20， graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles. She managed decent gr
18、ades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken. 第 7 页共 7 页 凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ 简析 本句话是一个并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles. She managed decent grades?”。four years after she arrived from Honduras 和 20 是插入语;while 引导的断语作状语，表示让步。 2. “The girls are able to reta
19、in some of the protective features of their native culture” because theyre kept closer to the hearth， says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco， “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it. 简析 本句话的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective
20、features?”。Because 引导的是原因庄宇从句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco 是插入语;while 引导的是时间状语从句，其中的 by 引导的短语作状语，其中的 it 指的是 new culture. 73. One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggress
21、ive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.” 简析 本句话的主干是“One teacher said that?”。interviewed for the study 作定语修饰 teacher;that 引导的是宾语从句，其中的 she received as part of her continuing education 是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰 cultural awareness training. 4. The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If
22、large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academicallyand to be clear， plenty perform phenomenallythey risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. 简析 本句话的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note?”。冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子;if 引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明if 引导的从句。 答案与解析 1. C 结构题。
23、本题的问题是 “在开始段落，作者通过介绍他的主题”。文章第一段提到，谈到学校教育，哈瑞罗家8的男孩无法与女孩相提并论;随后，作者分别介绍了女孩和男孩的表现;该段最后引用孩子们的母亲的话指出，男孩子大都误入歧途，而女孩子却更自信。这说明，作者是通过相互比较引出其主题的。C“做比较”是对该段的恰当概括，为正确答案。A“形成对照”不准确，因为 contrast 主要指的是对立，与文意不符;第一段中没有提到某种假设，所以B“证明一种假设正确”不对;第一段中只是提出了女孩在学校教育方面比男孩表现好，并没有解释原因，所以D“解释一种现象”不对。 2. B 推论题。本题的问题是“她们也常常担任文化大使(第四
24、段) 这句话暗示”。文章第二段提到，移民女孩比男孩更擅长于适应不同的文化，并且她们可以帮助其父母适应新文化;而第四段前面部分提到，女孩面临更多家庭义务，她们也常常担任“文化大使”。为她们的父母担任翻译，并且在父母与外部世界之间进行协调。由此可知，该句话表明，女孩可以帮助父母理解外国文化。B“她们帮助父母更好地了解外国文化”是对文中相关信息的改写，为正确答案。A“她们充当她们父母的翻译”是该句话的字面意思，不能表达深层含意，所以不对;C“她们鼓励父母进入外面的世界”是误解了该句话的意思;D“她们的父母帮助她们实现成为大使的梦想”明显与文意不符。 3. A 细节题。本题的问题是“由于下面的原因，移
25、民男孩不会在外面获得成9功，除了”。文章第三段介绍了男孩受到的影响，指出，他们受惩戒的次数更多，因此，他们会跟老师以及更广大的社会发展更敌对的关系，他们也可能面对更多令人沮丧的偏见：这说明，B“人们对他们有偏见”和D“他们没有处理好与老师和外面社会的关系”是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因;第四段提到，由于女孩通常是在传统文化中成长起来的，所以她们面临更多家庭义务，女孩不得不承担的责任比男孩多;这说明，C“他们的责任感不像女孩那么强烈”第 8 页共 8 页 凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ 是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因。A“美国的青少年文化对男孩有不利的影响”是针对第三段第二句设置的干扰项，文中说
26、的是“研究发现，男孩要想接受美国的青少年文化，他们会面临更多同龄人的压力”，说明A与文意不符。 4. C 细节题。本题的问题是“马赛罗和卡罗拉。苏瑞兹。欧罗丝科在研究中最后发现”。文章第二段提到，根据马赛罗和卡罗拉。苏瑞兹。欧罗丝科刚刚完成的一项研究初步结果可知，移民女孩一向优于男孩;随后的段落解释了造成这种状况的原因，指出，哈佛大学的研究显示，大量移民男孩在学业上荒废，许多人的学业成绩差得令人难以置信。这说明，他们的研究发现，移民男孩的表现比女孩差。C“移民女孩比移民男孩的表现好”是对文中相关信息的概括，为10正确答案。A“移民男孩不应该被容许进入外面的世界”属于无中生有;B“移民男孩对青少
27、年文化没有判断力”是针对文中“boys face more peer pressure to adopt Anierican youth culture”这句话设置的干扰项，与文意不符;文章第三段提到，正因为移民男孩受到更多的惩戒，所以他们会跟老师和社会发展更敌对的关系，说明惩戒太多会产生不好的影响，所以D“移民男孩应该受到严厉惩戒”与研究的发现相反。 5. B 推论题。本题的问题是“根据最后一段，我们可以推知什么?”最后一段提到，哈佛大学的研究表明，如果大量移民男孩继续在学业上荒废，那么他们将不可避免地面临在经济上陷入社会底层的风险。B“许多移民男孩将来可能陷入困境”是对该句话的 mt.-，
28、为正确答案。A“所有辍学者都应该接受良好的教育”和D“应该更关注移T-A-”属于无中生有 ;C“学校教育被人们忽视了”是对文中“imlnigrant boys continue to be alienated academically”设置的干扰项，是误解了 be alienated academically 的意思。 Say youre a developer whos in the market for a job. You come across a job listing， perhaps something like the one I recently posted. Its a
29、job youre interested in and you send in your resume. Heres what to do.A cover letter is not just a standard part of your resume. A cover letter is designed to highlight the parts of your experience that are 11specific to the job to which you are applying. Its supposed to be the thing I see first and
30、should draw me in， making me want to get the details from your resume. Dont stick your cover letter in anattachment and your resume in another attachment or your cover letter might not get seen. Its certainly not doing its job hidden in an attachment like that. If you are sending a resume by email，
31、your cover letter belongs in the body of your email. You need to proofread your cover letter carefully. This is my first introduction to you. This is your chance to impress me. If you have sloppy spelling， capitalization， and spelling in your cover letter Ill expect that your code as the same sort o
32、f problems. Im not looking for Pulitzer-prize-winning stuff here， but most kids learn in first grade to capitalize proper nouns and the beginnings of sentences. Your resume should tell me what languages you know， what technologies you have experience with， and how youve applied that experience. Unle
33、ss youre applying for a job as a secretary， you dont need to tell me youre proficient at MS Word if youre a software developer， I assume youre familiar enough the basic workings of a word processor to use it to open a document 12and read a spec. Do tell me what sort of systems youve built and what c
34、hallenges you overcame while building them. Do tell me how you applied your knowledge of efficient database operation to decrease server load by 30%. When I look at your resume I should get a sense of what size projects youve worked on. If youve worked with an internationally-known company， then I i
35、mmediately understand youve 第 9 页共 9 页 凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ had exposure to larger projects. If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota， then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars. Otherwise Im likely to thi
36、nk your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases. And finally， follow the directions for applying for the job. If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply， theres probably a good reason for it. If I ask for a plain-text resume， dont send a Word d
37、ocument or a link to your resume on your Web site. If I ask for a code sample， include it. If you cant follow those simple 13directions， how can I expect that youll be able to follow a spec? I dont even look at those emails I get with Word attachments， no code samples， no information about availabil
38、ity or your location. I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesnt know how to follow directions. Reading Comprehension 1. Why did the author suggest that dont put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume? A Its a waste of time. B It is absurd. C I
39、t will make your cover letter not do its job. D There is no need to do so. 2. Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread? A Because it is a quality that a pupil should have. B Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter. C It will make you avoid some simple errors and will
40、give your reader a good impression. D It can make you win Pulitzer-prize. 3. Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project youve worked on? 14A Because this will highlight your resume. B Because you are required to do so. C Because this will let your reader know you be
41、tter. DBecause it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects. 4. Whats the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6? A To face puzzledom. B An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something. C Have some difficulties. D Some problems cant be solve. 5. W
42、hats the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6? A Rule. B Law. C A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made. D An direction. 答案与题解 1. C 细节题。准确定位到原文是解题的关键。本题出现在原文的第二段。题目问道作者为什么建议不要把求职信放在简历的另一个附件里，该题正确的理解应为如果把求职信放第 10 页共 10 页 凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ 在另一个附件中则求职信将
43、发挥不出它 的作用。 152. C 细节题。本题的干扰项在 B 项。校对的确可以减少错误，但这并不是本文强调的重点。本文认为避免一些低级错误是给审查简历的人留下好印象的机会。 3. D 细节题。请看文中的第五段， “then I immediately understand youve had exposure to larger projects.”这样我便知道你有做大型项目的能力，也就是选项中需要我们选出的答案：这样可以使你简历的读者知道你具备做 大型项目的能力。 4. B 逻辑判断题。本题先要解决对原句的理解问题，词组“went to the trouble”指的是不厌其烦。然后再定位到原文，根据上下文逻辑，可以推知，作者是在讲他之所以不厌其烦的解释怎样申请工作的原因，所以 B 为正确选项。5. C推断题。从原文句式上看，这里是一个递进的关系，是逻辑上的顺延，所以一定是与“direction”同意的一个词。再加上逻辑上的递进关系，所以正确的解释应该是“制造某项设备的详细指令。 ” 第 11 页共 11 页 百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料、生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网 ,您的在线图书馆! 16
