1、第 30 讲 非谓语动词【真题体验】1Simon， what do I need to take for the hiking?Youd better _B_ more water than usual.Its hot today.(2014，南京)Ato take Btake Ctaking Dtook2The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _C_ the icecream.(2014，重庆)Aeat Beats Cto eat Date3Many fast food restaurants paint t
2、heir walls red，play loud music and have hard seats _B_ customers eat quickly and leave.(2014，杭州)Amake B to make Cmade Dmaking4Granny often tells us _C_ water in our daily life.(2014，泰安)Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaves5Can you hear someone _C_ in the classroom？It is Mary.(2014，威海)Asing Bsings Csinging D
3、sang【考点梳理】中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有：1动名词和动词不定式作主语；2动名词和动词不定式作表语、宾语；3动词不定式作宾语补足语；4动词不定式作目的状语；5固定短语搭配。高频考向一 不定式1构成：to动词原形，即： to do 形式。其否定形式为： not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的作业。2动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。作主语To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我
4、们的职责。注意：动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人( 做某事)” 。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有 good(好的) ，kind(友善的)，nice(好的) ，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪 明的)，foolish(愚蠢的 )，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细 心的) ，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的) ， wrong(错误的)等。如：Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。“Its adj.for s
5、b.不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说” 。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的) ，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的) ，useful(有用的 )，pleasant(舒适的) ，interesting(有趣的) 等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那棵高树是危险的。作表语To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide(决定)，expect(
6、期望)，forget( 忘记) ，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)， try(尽力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask(要求) ，tell(告诉)，want(想要) ，teach( 教) ，wish(希望) ，help(帮助)，warn( 警告) ，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。作定语动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语，且被修饰的名
7、词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。( 动宾)He has no friends to talk with.他没朋友说话。(介宾)注意：当不定式修饰的名词是 time，place 或 way 时， 不定式后的介词习惯省去。如：He had no place to live(in)他没地方住。有些名词常用不定式作定语。如：a chance to go to school 上学的机会no time to think about rest 没时间考虑休息a way to learn(of learning)English
8、学习英语的一种方法作状语They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他们跑过来欢迎我们。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)保罗激动得说不出话来。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因 )很抱歉打扰你。注意：有些动词不定式在使用时，要省去 to。具体有：在动词 let， feel，see，look at，watch，have，make，notice，hear 等动词后，动词不定式作宾语时，要省略 to。但在变被动语态时要加上。如：I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在
9、敲门。We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。在 would you please，had better，why not，would rather 等结构的句型后，要用不带to 的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？Youd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。3特殊疑问词动词不定式能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how ，who，when，where 等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如：I dont know what to do.我不知该做什么。I don
10、t know how to do it.我不知道 该怎么去做它。The question is who to go.问题 是谁去。【例 1】 I havent seen my grandparents for long.Im too busy _ them these days.(2014，凉山 )Why not call them instead?Avisit B to visit Cvisiting Dvisit点拨：too.to.“太而不能” ，由句意可知“我最近这 些天太忙而没有去拜访他们”。答案：_B_【例 2】 When you leave，please turn off the
11、light _ energy.(2014，天津)Asave Bsaving Csaved Dto save点拨：动词不定式在此表目的。答案：_D_【例 3】 How kind you are！You always do what you can _ others.(2013，十堰)Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help点拨：动词不定式作状语。句意 为“你总是尽你所能来帮助 别人” 。答案：_D_【例 4】 Why are you so excited today?We were told_a picnic this weekend.(2013，南京)Ahave Bto h
12、ave Chaving Dhad点拨：答语是一个被动语态的句子，结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐” 。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事” ，其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案：_B_高频考向二 动名词动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。(主语)My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。 (表语 )She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。 (宾语
13、)There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。( 定语)注意：(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词或动词短语有：enjoy( 喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持 )，practise(练习)， mind(介意)，suggest(建议)， be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得) ，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放弃 )，be used to(习惯于) ，stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止) ，look forward to(盼望 )；feel like(想要 )；be good at(擅长) ；be interes
14、ted in(对感兴趣)；succeed in(成功 )等。(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：stop doing sth.停 止 做 某 事stop to do sth.停 下 来 去 做 某 事 )try doing sth.尝 试 做 某 事try to do sth.尽 力 去 做 某 事 )forget doing sth.忘 了 做 过 某 事forget to do sth.忘 了 去 做 某 事 （未 做 ）) remember doing sth.记 得 做 过 某 事remember to do sth.记 得 去 做 某 事 （未 做
15、 ）) need doing sth.需 要 做 某 事 （被 动 含 义 ）need to do sth.需 要 去 做 某 事 （主 动 含 义 ）)【例 5】 Wow，so many coins here!Right！My father is fond of _ coins.(2014，漳州)Acollect BcollectsCcollecting Dcollected点拨：be fond of doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事” 。答案：_C_【例 6】 Read the instructions before _ the new machine.(2014，白银；平凉)Ause
16、 Bto use Cusing Dused点拨：before 为 介词，后跟动词ing 形式。答案：_C_【例 7】 Wheres Tony now？(2014，黄石)I saw him _ in the garden a moment ago and I told him _.Aplay；go home Bplaying；to go homeCto play；goes home Dplay ；going home点拨：see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事” ；tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事” 。答案：_B_1When summer comes，a
17、lot of people feel like _C_ to have fun.(2014，黄石)Ato swim BswimCswimming Dhave swum2Li Jun always makes his little sister _C_(2014，邵阳)Acrying Bto cry Ccry Dcried3Thanks for _C_ me with my science.( 2014，泸州)Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dyour help4Please remember _D_ your notebook here tomorrow.(2014，泸州)Abr
18、ings Bbrought C bringing Dto bring5Grandpa has changed a lot.(2014，黄冈)So he has.He spends more time than he used to _B_ games with the children.Aplay Bplaying Cplayed Dplays6The students in this school are made _A_ school uniforms on Monday.(2014，内江)Ato wear Bwearing Cwear Dworn7Many young people to
19、ok part in _A _ trees on Treeplanting Day.(2013，白银)Aplanting Bplants Cto plant Dplant8Im very tired these days because of the senior high school entrance examination (中考)Why not _A_ music？It can make you _.(2013， 鄂州)Alisten to；relaxed Bto listen to；relaxedClisten to；relax Dto listen to；to relax9I al
20、ways tell my students _A_ on the road because its really dangerous.( 2013，广州)Anot to play Bplay notCnot playing Dnot play10Excuse me.Could you please tell me _B _ my car?Sure.Park it right here.Ill help you.(2013，青岛)Ahow to stop Bwhere to parkCwhere to stop Dwhen to park11Seeing their teacher _D_ into the classroom，they stopped _ at once.(2013，黄石)Awalk；telling Bentering ；to speakCenter；to tell Dwalking；talking12It only _A_ him 20 minutes _ to his office every day.(2013，鞍山)Atakes ；to drive Btook；driveCtakes；drive Dtook；to drive
