1、第 41 讲 阅读理解(一)阅读理解。(2014，安徽)Tony Wheeler was born to travel.His father worked for an airline.For the first 16 years of his life， Wheeler and his family lived in many different countries.In the early 1970s，Tony met a young woman named Maureen.They soon married.Before getting jobs， Tony and Maureen wa
2、nted to travel.They took a yearlong trip from England，through Asia，to Australia.On the trip，they visited places like Iran (伊朗) ，India， and so on.When Tony and Maureen arrived in Australia，people asked many questions about their trip.To answer these questions，Wheeler wrote a book called Across Asia o
3、n the Cheap.The book told people about different countries weather，customs (风 俗) ，and places to see.But unlike other travel books then，Tony Wheelers book also talked about places most tourists did not go.He also wrote about unusual things to see and do.The book was very popular.Tony and Maureen star
4、ted a company called Lonely Planet.They continued travelling.They wrote books for each place they visited.Today，800 people work for Lonely Planet.The company has over 650 books.Tony Wheeler，the great traveller，still writes about travels to many places and will bring us more surprises.1Tony Wheeler a
5、nd his wife ended the yearlong trip in _D_AEngland BIran C India D Australia2Tony Wheeler wrote the book Across Asia on the Cheap to _D_Amake money for his next tripBtell people about his new companyCdraw peoples attention to his familyDanswer peoples questions about his trip3How was the book Across
6、 Asia on the Cheap different from other travel books then？_C _AIt was longer and more popular.BIt was the first travel book in the world.CIt talked about places most tourists did not go.DIt talked about a countrys weather and customs.4Which of the following is TRUE about Tony Wheelers company？_C_AHi
7、s father started it.BIt is an airline company.CHundreds of people work for it.DIt has no books about travelling.5The passage mainly talks about _A_Aa great traveller and his booksBa tour of different countriesCa great writer and his familyDdifferent kinds of companies“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学
8、在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年安徽的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需
9、对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。(一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。【例 1】(2013，温州) It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days.However，
10、 people often felt it not convenient to hold an umbrella while working.Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.In 1492，Columbus，a wellknown Italian voyager，discovered the New Worldthe Americas.He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America.Rubber was o
11、ne of them，but people didnt know the use of rubber at that time.In 1770，people found that the rubber could be used as erasers.Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland.One day he spilled (洒出) the rubber liquid over his clothes carelessly when making erasers.He was too busy to clean it
12、and went back home wearing the dirty clothes.On the way home，it rained heavily.Having no umbrella，Macintosh had to run home quickly.When he got home，he took off the wet clothes.To his surprise，the area of the clothes with rubber wasnt wet.“Why not make a rubber raincoat？” Macintosh thought.The next
13、day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat.He wore the“rubber coat” on rainy days and took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.Surprisingly，the clothes inside the “rubber coat”werent wet at all.The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.The rubber rainco
14、ats soon appeared on the market.However，they were sticky (黏的) in summer and hardened in winter.Year after year，people kept on improving the raincoats.Today raincoats are widely used in our daily life.1The rubber raincoat was invented by_Aa Chinese Ban ItalianCan Englishman Dan American解析：细节理解题。由第一段的
15、最后一句was invented by an Englishman.可知，雨衣是由英国人发明的。答案：_C_2What did Columbus bring to Europe in 1492?ARubber. BUmbrellas.CErasers. DRaincoats.解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二、三句“He brought a lot of things.Rubber was one of them.”可知，Columbus 把橡胶 带到了欧洲。答案：_A_3Why did Macintosh wear the “rubber coat”on rainy days?ATo show
16、 his nice “rubber coat ”BTo sell it to a farmer.CTo test if it could keep off the rain.DTo go to work in the field.解析：细节理解题。由第三段倒数第三句 “.took a walk in the field to test if it could really keep off the rain.”可知，他在雨天穿橡胶外套是为了测试它是否真的能够挡雨。答案：_C_4Which of the following is TRUE?AMacintosh worked in a marke
17、t in the Scotland.BThe rubber raincoat was created by chance.CThe first rubber raincoat was sticky in the winter.DThe umbrella was invented after the rubber raincoat.解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句was created in this way by chance.可知，雨衣是被偶然发明的。答案：_B_(2014，宜宾)Moms take care of their children life and dads bring ho
18、me food and make the family rules.These are the roles moms and dads fall into when they become parents and its common among all cultures.But times change and parents roles seem to be changing，too.More women are bringing home food by having fulltime jobs and men are taking care of their children at h
19、ome.Chinese TV show Where Are We Going，Dad？provides a closer look at the changing roles of dads in modern family life.The show follows the adventures (冒险经历) of five celebrity (明星) dads who take trips with their young children (aged 4 to 6) and try to complete a set of tasks.It shows how young dads a
20、re trying hard to find the best way to raise their children and keep a closer relationship with them.Young dads no longer want to be cold.Psychologists (心理学家) say that a strong fatherly influence is important in a childs development.Fathers teach their children skills and encourage them to try new t
21、hings.They also give them a sense of safety.A child learns that if something goes wrong，he or she can depend on dad to help fix it.The psychologists also say that without a dad，a child is more possible to drop out of school and get into trouble.A mothers love is important， and so is a fathers love.C
22、hen Mo，a psychology professor says， “It takes both parents to raise a child.Children have different needs at different ages and this needs to be considered by both parents.”1What are the common roles of moms and dads in all cultures？_A_AMoms take care of their children and dads bring home food and m
23、ake the family rules.BMoms bring home food by having fulltime jobs and dads take care of their children at home.CBoth parents take care of their children at home.DBoth parents go out to work，while grandparents take care of their children at home.2What are the young dads trying to do in the show?_B_A
24、They are trying hard to find the best way to raise their children and keep a closer relationship with them.BThey are trying to complete a set of tasks with their kids.They are also trying hard to find the best way to raise their children and keep a closer relationship with them.CThey are trying to m
25、ake more money.DThey are trying to be cold to their kids.3Why is a strong fatherly influence important in a childs development？_A_AFathers teach their children skills and encourage them to try new things.They also give them a sense of safety.BIf something goes wrong，a child can depend on dad to help
26、 fix it.CWith a dad，a child can do better in school work.DWithout a dad，a child is more possible to drop out of school and get into trouble.4What is a child more possible to do without a dad?_D_AStay out late.BGet into trouble and do badly in school work.CDrop out of school.DDrop out of school and g
27、et into trouble.5Why does it take both parents to raise a child？_C_AA child feels safer with both parents.BA child feels happier with both parents.CBoth parents need to consider that children have different needs at different ages.DIt is both the fathers and the mothers duty to raise a child.(一)(201
28、4，南宁)As a student，I was most afraid to answer questions in class，and I found that the students around were just like me.At the beginning of each class，when the teacher asked a question，I always lowered my head because I was afraid that the teacher saw me.One day，in a foreign language class，Mr.Black
29、gave us a lesson.He wanted us to be active in class， so he asked us some questions，but no one answered.“Let me tell you a story first， ” he said.“When I came to the United States to study，the university often invited famous people to make speeches.Before the beginning of every speech，I found an inte
30、resting thing.The students around me always took a cardboard folded (折叠的) in half，wrote their names in bold with the most eyecatching color，and then placed the cardboard on the seat.So when the speaker needed the answers from the students，he could see and call a listeners name directly.”“I couldnt u
31、nderstand that.My classmates told me the speakers were all top people，who meant chances.When your answer was to his surprise， it meant he might give you more chances.In fact，I really saw a few students got great chances because of that.”After listening to the story，I understood that the chance will
32、not find you itself.You must show yourself all the time so that you can find a chance on the card.1What did Mr.Black want the students to do in his class？_ C_ARead loudly. BTake notes carefully.CBe active. DListen to him quietly.2How did the writers classmates behave when they were asked questions？_
33、D_AThey raised their hands.BThey shook their heads.CThey closed their eyes.DThey lowered their heads.3How did the speaker get to know the students names？_B_AHe got them from the computer.BHe saw the cardboards on the seats.CHe asked the students for their names.DHe got them from the name list on the
34、 teachers desk.4What does the underlined word “eyecatching” in Paragraph 3 mean？_A_A引人注目的 B眼睛疼痛的C目光呆滞的 D泪眼朦胧的5What does the writer mainly tell us？_D _ADoing as others do is necessary.BAnswering questions bravely is easy.CAttracting others attention is interesting.DShowing yourself bravely can win ch
35、ances.(二)(2014，南京)Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute，Indiana.Last year，he taught his students about the worlds rain forests.They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food，wood，and medicine.Destruction of th
36、e worlds rain forests is a serious problem.Unluckily，rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute！As part of a class project，Myers students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America.They paid $25 per acre.The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and
37、not destroyed.The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.So last June，Myers and four of his students went on a sevenday trip to visit the rain forests of Costa Rica.“The trip was wonderful.It was a very exciting experience， ”said My
38、ers.At the beginning of the week， the group took a boat ride down a river.They saw alligators and crocodiles.In the middle of the week，a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest.“The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest.They broke small branches off the trees and threw t
39、hem at us， ”one of the students said.“It was a great learning experience for all of us， ”said Myers.Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants， animals，food，and culture.During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities.They went whitewater raf
40、ting and horseback riding，and visited Costa Ricas active volcano.Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.6How much did Myers students pay for the rain forest they bought？_B_A$25. B$75.C$80. D$2 000.7What did Myers and his students do at the beginning of the trip？_C_ATh
41、ey went into the rain forest.BThey bought acres of rain forest.CThey took a boat ride down a river.DThey visited Costa Ricas active volcano.8The word “Destruction” in Paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being _A_”Adestroyed BdevelopedCdescribed Ddiscovered9When the monkeys saw Myers and his s
42、tudents，they _B_Afelt excited Bfelt angryCjumped off the trees D left the rain forest10The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students _A_.Adid something to protect rain forestsBwanted to buy the rain forest in Costa RicaCwere interested in the culture of Costa RicaDwent to the rain forest for
43、various fun activities(三)(2014，黄石)Soap operas from South Korea have been popular in China for more than twenty years now.So it is not the first time for the soap operas made in China to feel less popular.But this time，they are facing more difficulties，for The Heirs (继承者 ) and My Love from the Star r
44、eally made a full success，which even attracted some top officials.A senior official said he sometimes watched soap operas from South Korea，as well as House of Cards，an American opera about politics.These operas made both in South Korea and in America have a lot of lovers in China.Many people agree t
45、hat Chinas soap operas cant be much loved by most Chinese，because they are not as interesting and exciting as those operas from South Korea and America，such as My Love from the Star，a Korean love story between a timetraveling professor and a famous movie star.However，Korean shows not only provide so
46、ap operas but also some programmings (综艺节目) Dad，Where Are We Going? is not an original Chinese show.We learned it from South Korea although not many in China are aware (意识到) of that fact.Actually，China has a closer culture with South Korea.Shows from this neighbor seem to do better with their exciti
47、ng stories on the Cinderella theme (灰姑娘主题)Yet they have created many popular shows whose stories tell theres no difference between men and women even though in their country men are certain to play_a_more_important_role11When might soap operas from South Korea become popular in China？_A_A1991. B1971
48、. C2010. D2001.12Most people in China like watching shows made in _C_AEurope BChinaCSouth Korea DJapan13The operas made in China are not as popular as those in South Korea or America，because _B_Asenior officials dont allow us to watch themBthey are not very interesting and excitingCChinese people ar
49、e more interested in politicsDthey were only made twenty years ago14According to the passage，we can know Dad ，Where Are We Going? is _D_Amore popular than My Love From the StarBloved by a lot of KoreansCabout the love between a professor and a starDoriginally from South Korea15What does the underlined phrase “play a more important role
