1、第 26 讲 动词和动词短语【名题实战】1I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes， you _A_( 2014，安徽)Acan Bmust C could Dshould2Mum，what are you cooking？It _D_ so sweet.(2014， 安徽)Atastes Bfeels Csounds Dsmells3As time _A_，youll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)Agoes by Bruns outC
2、takes off Dturns up4Rose finished her study in the university and went to _D_ a good job.(2014，安徽)Atake after Blook afterCcare for Dsearch for5I will meet Jane at the station.Please _C_ what time she will arrive.(2013，安徽)Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch6It is helpful to _C _ a good habit of reading in l
3、anguage learning.(2013，安徽)Atake Bshow Cdevelop Dmatch7The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent _B_ hope.(2013，安徽)Apicked up Bgiven upClooked for Dwaited for8You _B_ drive your car so fast.Its very dangerous.(2013，安徽)Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmightnt9To protect the environme
4、nt，supermarkets dont _C_ free plastic bags for shoppers.(2012，安徽)Atake Bshow Cprovide Dcarry10Theres enough time for you to go to the airport.You _B_ hurry now.(2012，安徽)Ashould B neednt Cmust Dcant11Smoking is bad for your health.Youre right.I decide to _D_(2012，安徽)Atake it down Bfind it outCturn it
5、 off Dgive it up【考点梳理】从以上考题可以看出，安徽中考近五年来对动词的考查力度一直很大，并一直是考查的重点，特别是行为动词的辨析、连系动词的辨析，几乎每年都会涉及。情态动词和动词短语是每年的必备考点，因此在复习时，考生要重点从行为动词、连系动词、情态动词及短语动词几个方面着手，同时兼顾助动词的用法。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s 或es ，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化 动词原形 第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加s(s 在清辅音后读
6、/s/，s 在浊辅音后读/z/) workgrow works/s/grows/z/以 s，x，sh，ch 或 o 结尾的动词加es( es 读/iz/，o 后的es 读/z/) guessmixfinishcatchgo guesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母 e 结尾的动词 ，直接加s(s 读/z/或/s/) writelike writes/z/likes/s/以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加es(ies 读/iz/) studycarry studies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加 y
7、结尾的动词，直接加s(s 读/z/) playsay plays/z/says/z/不规则变化的有 havehas 等。2现在分词的构成规则变化 动词原形 现在分词一般在动词后加ing helpwork helpingworking以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去 e 再加ing writemove writingmoving以 y 结尾的动词，直接加ing playstudy playingstudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing getbegin gettingbeginning以 ie 结尾的名词 ，一般将 ie 改为 y，再加ing liedie l
8、yingdying3.过去式和过去分词的构成规则变化规则变化 动词原形 过去式，过去分词及其读音一般在动词词尾加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读 d，在 t 和 d 后读/id/)askanswerwantneed askedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，只加d(读/d/) lovedance lovedloved/d/danced danced/d/以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i，再加ed(读/d/) trystudy triedtried/d/studi
9、edstudied/d/以元音字母加 y 结尾的动词，直接加 ed(读/d/) playstay playedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读 /d/，在 t 和 d 后读/id/)stopplan stoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如 love，need，want 等。它主要
10、用于三种句型中：动词宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。 (bought 后有宾语 books，为及物动词)动词宾语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学 习。 (study 后无宾语 ，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing 是不及物动词)She sang an English song just no
11、w.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing 是及物动词)【例 1】Ive left my keys in the meeting room.Please _ them for me.All right.(2013，绍兴)Abuy Bpaint Cwash Dfetch解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch 意为“去取( 某物)” ，符合语境。答案：_D_【例 2】Hows Bob now?I hear the company_him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2014，武汉)Adonated Bserved
12、Coffered Dintroduced解析：donate“捐赠” ；serve“服务” ；offer“提供” ；introduce“介绍” 。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了” 。答案：_C_【例 3】He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didnt_him at first.(2014，天津)Aadvise Bpromise Crecognise Dhear解析：advise “建议” ；promise“承诺” ；recognise“认出” ；hear“听到” 。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。 ”
13、答案：_C_高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法1系动词。本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有 be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay ，remain，stand 等；表象系动词有 look，seem ，appear 等；表示人的感觉的系动词有 feel，smell，sound，taste 等；表变化的系动词有 become，get，grow ，turn 等。2助动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有
14、 be，have ，has，had，do，does，did，will和 shall 等。【例 4】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it_very sour.(2014，宁波)Atastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸” 。taste“尝起来” ；look“看起来” ；feel“感觉” ；sound“听起来” 。答案：_A_【例 5】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother_Adoes Bdo Cis Dlikes解析：通常我们用助动词替
15、代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother 为第三人称单数，故“does” 符合题意。答案：_A_高频考向三 情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1can(could)表能力，could 为 can 的过去时。can 与 be able to 的意义基本相同。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而 be able to 能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替 may。cant 表有把握的否定判断 ，意为“不可能” 。could 在口语中，常代替 can 来向对方比较委婉客气地
16、提出请求或表示看法。此时could 不表示过去时。2may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以” 。口语性较强。might 可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许” 。might 可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3must表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该” 。无时态变化。其否定答语常用 neednt或 dont have to，意为“不必 ”。注：have to 意为“不得不；必须” ，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must 的否定形式为 mustnt，意为“不许；一定不要” ，表示
17、禁止和告诫。表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定” ，只用于肯定句。且比 may 的语气要肯定得多。4would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与 like，love 连用。5should表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做 )，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例 6】Are you in a hurry?No，Ive got plenty of time.I_wait.(2014，盐城)Acan Bcant Cmust Dmustnt解析：can“可能，能够” ；cant“不能” ；must“一定，必须” ；mustnt“不允许，禁止” 。由语境可知答语为“我有许
18、多时间，我可以等。 ”答案：_A_【例 7】May I play computer games now，Mom?No，you_finish your homework first.(2013，临沂)Amust Bcan Ccould Dmay解析：must “必 须” ；can“能，可以” ；could“能，可以” ；may“可以，可能” 。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？” “不能。 ”可知 ，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业” ，故用 must，表示命令。答案：_A_【例 8】Must we clean the room at once?No，you _You can do
19、 it after school.(2014，广安)Amustnt Bneednt Ccant解析：对“Must we.？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you neednt.”或“No，you dont have to.”答案：_B_【例 9】Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It_be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，广东)Amay Bmust Ccant Dmustnt解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不
20、大的推测；must “一定是” ，表示肯定推测 ；cant“不可能是” ，用于有把握的否定推测；mustnt 表示“千万 别，一定别” 。答案：_C_高频考向四 动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。1动词短语的分类：动词介词arrive in(at)， ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for及物动词副词find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off
21、(脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off ，think over不及物动词副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off( 起飞)动词副词介词get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with ，go on with，look forward to动词名词介词take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2初中阶段常用
22、短语如下：look 短语look for 寻找； look after 照顾；look over 查看；look forward to 渴望，向往；look at 看着；look up 抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out 当心； look like 看起来像；look the same 看起来一样；look through 浏览put 短语put off 推 迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把暂时收起来； put out 扑灭；put down 写下；put back 放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴turn 短语turn on 打开；turn off
23、 关掉；turn up 把音量开大一点；turn down 把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into 变成；turn over 翻开，翻转；turninto把 变成get 短语get on/along(well)with 与某人相处(融洽) ；get up 起床；get on 上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车( 船、 飞机、马)；get back 回去；get back to 回到；get away 离开，逃脱；get down 下来；get home 到家；get into 进入，陷入； get out(of)(从)出去；get to 到达；get together 聚
24、会take 短语take off(飞机)起 飞，脱掉(衣服) ；take in 吸收，上当；take away 拿走；take out 取出；take on 雇佣，呈现；take down 取下；take up 占据时间、空 间， 开始从事，拿起agree 短语agree with 同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to 同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go 短语go over 温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping 去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎
25、/野营；go into 走进；go out 出去，熄灭；go away 走开；go back 回去，回顾；go up 上升，攀登；go by 时间流逝，从旁经过；go down 下降，下沉；go for 为而去；go on 继续；go through 经历；go to school/work 去上学/ 班；go home 回家；go to the doctor去看医生come 短语come along 一道来；come in 进 来；come into 进入；come out 出来，出版；come down 下来；come from 来自； come back 回来；come across 偶
26、然遇到；come over 过来；come home 回家；come into use 开始使用；come on 快，得啦，跟着来，加油give 短语give up 放弃；give off 放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out 精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away 泄露，赠送；give in 屈服，让步，投降make 短语make a decision 作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake 犯错误；make progress 取得进 步；make friends with 与交朋友；make up 编造，虚构，打
27、扮，构成，组成；make a face 做鬼脸be 短语be friendly/kind to 对友好；be different from 与不同；be afraid of 害怕；be popular with 受欢迎；be interested in 对感兴趣；be strict with 对某人严格；be strict in 对某事严格；be famous/known as 作 为出名；be famous/known for 因著名；be surprised at对惊讶；be pleased with 对满意；be proud of 对 感到自豪；be polite/impolite to
28、 对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to 对某人感激；be good for 对有好处；be good at擅长于；be made up of 由 构成；be angry with 对某人生气；be busy with 忙于；be full of/filled with 装 满；be late for 迟到；be covered with 覆盖着call 短语call at 拜访(后接地点 )；call on 拜访( 后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back 回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 要求 ，提倡，邀请【例 10】We shou
29、ld think of others if we want to _hem.(2014，重庆)Aget on well with Bhear ofCget ready for Dhear from解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人” 。get on well with“与某人相处融洽” ；hear of“听说” ；get ready for“准备” ；hear from“收到某人来信” 。答案：_A_【例 11】Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.Sorry，mom.Ill _(2014，云南)Aset it up Bclean it upC
30、put it up Dlook it up解析：set up“建立，设立” ；clean up“打扫干净” ；put up“张贴” ；look up“查找” 。由 问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净” 。答案：_B_【例 12】Ann is going on a tour of Xian，and she wants to_ Chinese history.(2013，江西)Adream of Blearn aboutClook through Dpass on解析：dream of “梦到，梦想” ；learn about“了解” ；look through“浏览” ；p
31、ass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行 ”可知，后半句句意 为“她想了解中国的历史” 。答案：_B_一、单项选择。1If you _C_ smoke，please go outside.(2014，杭州)Acan Bmay Cmust Dmight2Our school is planning to _B_ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.(2014，哈尔滨)Atake up Bset up Cpick up Dturn up3She went to Hangzhou by tra
32、in last night.She _C_ be at home now.(2014，遵义)Amust not Bmay not Ccant Dshouldnt4It _A_ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.(2014，临 沂)Atakes Bspends Ccosts Dpays5I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.(2014，宁波)Too good to be true.Dont _D
33、_ it.Ado Bhold Cmake Dbelieve6The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _A_ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，白银)Aexpress Bdiscuss C expect Dimagine7I used to _ D_ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.(2014，武汉)Ashow up Bwake up Ccome up Dstay up8How was the concert last night?It
34、was so good.Though it _C_ nearly four hours，few people left early.(2014，荆州)Acovered Breached Clasted Dplayed9Spring has come.We cant _A_ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.(2014，安顺)Aput off Bmake upCcome up with Dlook up10Jason，I cant get Sue on the phone.Im seeing her this afternoon.Do yo
35、u want me to _A_ any message？(2014，湖州)Apass on Bfind outClook up Dwork on11Children _ D_ sit in the front seat of a car.Its too dangerous.(2014，重庆)Aneed Bneednt Cmust Dmustnt12_B_ you leave now？ You only arrived here an hour ago.(2014，宁波)Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.AMay BMust CCan D
36、Might13We _D_ pay to get into the concert.Its free.(2014，江西)Acant BmustntCmight not Ddont have to14Is the man over there Mr.Brown?It _B_ him.He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.(2014，黔西南)Amay not Bcant beCshouldnt Dmustnt15You can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wech
37、at (微信) (2014，哈尔滨)Really？But it _A_ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.Amay Bneed Chas to Dshould16This is quite a new phrase.(2014，武汉)Right.It has already _C_ the language.Aspoken Bused Centered Dcovered17Recycling is good，so dont _D _ bottles or newspapers.(2014，江西)A
38、find out Bhand in C use up Dthrow away18iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.Yes， they can_B_our eyes to the outside world.(2014， 乌鲁木齐)Aturn up Bopen upCcall up Dthink up19May I go out now，Dad？(2011，安徽)No.You _D_ let your mother know first.Acan Bmay Cneed Dmust20The food here smells good，but what does it _A_ like？( 2011，安徽)Ataste B touch Cseem Dfeel21I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV.Would you please _A_？Aturn it up Bturn it downCturn it on Dturn it off
